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Biomedical subjects

C Gorrel

Publications and source records attributed to C Gorrel.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions: unveiling the early lesion.

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the factors initiating feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs). Fifty-six teeth (clinically and radiographically unaffected by ORLs) were harvested. Of these, 43 were from cats that had ORLs in other teeth (group A) and 13 were from cats with no clinical or radiographic evidence of ORLs in any teeth (group B). Twenty-six teeth in group A and one tooth in group B showed histological evidence of external root resorption (surface resorption and replacement resorption resulting in ankylosis). Some teeth in group B showed healed cementum resorption. It has previously been assumed that FORLs were similar to lesions associated with peripheral inflammatory root resorption, and were associated with periodontal disease. These histological findings suggest instead that a FORL is a non-inflammatory replacement resorption, resulting in ankylosis. The periodontal ligament of resorbing teeth lacked normal fibrous architecture, but was not inflamed. Resorption was not identified in cervical cementum. However, the histological appearance of the cervical cementum differed between the two groups. Several aetiopathogenetic explanatory models which arise from these observations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of a dental chew on dental substrates and gingivitis in cats.

The use of special diets or dietary adjuncts, although not eliminating the need for regular professional therapy, may serve to improve gingival health during the interval between professional oral health assessments and intervention. This study was performed to determine the effect of a dental chew on dental hygiene and gingival health in cats. The accumulation of dental substrates and the development of gingivitis were assessed in cats fed either a dry diet only or a dry diet supplemented with dental chews. A two-period, crossover design was used with the test phase lasting 4-weeks. Results indicated that the daily addition of dental chews to a dry diet was effective in reducing plaque and calculus accumulation on tooth surfaces in cats, as well as reducing the severity of gingivitis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Effect of long-term intermittent periodontal care on canine periodontal disease.

The periodontal health status was assessed in two groups of dogs which had received different levels of periodontal care over a two-year period. The dental group received regular dental scaling and polishing, and intermittent daily tooth brushing, while the control group received no periodontal care. All dogs developed gingivitis, and two (one from each group) showed evidence of incipient periodontitis. The dental group had a reduced gingivitis index (GI) compared with the control group only when they had received daily tooth brushing before the GI assessment. When the dogs had not had their teeth brushed for four weeks before the assessment, the GI was not significantly different to that in the control dogs. This suggests that continual periodontal care throughout life is of great importance and questions the benefits of intermittent oral care. The GI of the palatal and lingual surfaces in all dogs was significantly higher than the GI of the buccal surfaces. Thus, all tooth surfaces may need to be cleaned to achieve optimal periodontal health.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions in a population of clinically healthy cats.

The prevalence of odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORLs) was determined in a clinically healthy cat population (228 cats) using both clinical (oral examination) and radiographic (full-mouth series with intraorally positioned dental film) methods. The overall prevalence rate was 29 per cent (mean age of the cat population 4.9 years). The mandibular third premolars (307, 407) were the most commonly affected tooth and the pattern of ORL development was symmetrical in most cats. The risk of having ORLs was found to increase with increasing age and cats with clinically and radiographically missing teeth were more likely to have the condition. Neutering, gender, age at neutering or mean whole mouth gingivitis index did not affect the prevalence of ORLs.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Home care: products and techniques.

Periodontal disease is common in dogs and cats. Prevention and treatment is important for general health and well-being of our pets. Both prevention and treatment of periodontal disease have two components, namely maintenance of oral hygiene and professional periodontal therapy. Maintenance of oral hygiene is performed by the owner and is, therefore, also called home care. The preventions and long-term control of periodontal disease requires adequate home care. This chapter details home care techniques and available products.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1999

Oral and dental conditions in adult African wild dog skulls: a preliminary report.

Skulls of 29 adult African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) originating from museum collections were examined for evidence of oral pathology. A wide variety of conditions similar to those seen in the domestic dog were detected. Although other reports suggest that captive African wild dogs suffer more extensively from dental disease than those in the wild, we conclude that these wild carnivores suffer from the same oral diseases as their domestic relatives, suggesting that a natural diet does not protect against these diseases. As the African wild dog is threatened by extinction, further investigation of the incidence and development of oral and dental disease in this species may be of value. Preventive measures could be instituted leading to improved health for those held in captivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of a new dental hygiene chew on periodontal health in dogs.

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of a new dental hygiene chew on periodontal health in the dog. The textural properties of this chew are different from previously tested dental hygiene products. The accumulation of dental deposits, development of oral malodor, and development of gingivitis were assessed in two groups of dogs; one fed a dry diet only, and the other fed the same dry diet supplemented by the daily addition of the new dental hygiene chew. Daily addition of the chew to the dry diet was effective in reducing plaque and calculus accumulation on the tooth surfaces, and also reduced the severity of gingivitis and oral malodor as compared to feeding the dry diet only.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Long-term effects of a dental hygiene chew on the periodontal health of dogs.

The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of feeding a dental hygiene chew that has been shown to be effective in promoting periodontal health in dogs in short-term studies. Oral malodor, calculus, and plaque scores were still significantly lower after 21 months in the group that was receiving the dental hygiene chew, although gingivitis scores no longer differed significantly. There were no reports of any adverse reactions during the study. The results of the study support that feeding of the dental hygiene chew six days per week reduces accumulation of dental deposits, helps maintain periodontal health, and increases the time interval between professional periodontal intervention.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Radiographic evaluation.

The bulk of the tooth, that is, the root and most of the periodontium, can be visualized only by means of radiographs. Consequently, a lot of pathology remains undiscovered if clinical examination does not involve radiography. Although lesions such as caries can be recognized without radiography, the full extent of the lesions, and whether pulpal and periapical involvement is present as a consequence, cannot be assessed. In other words, a clinical examination is not complete without radiography. Periodontal disease, endodontic disease, caries, resorptive lesions, fractures, bone pathology, and neoplastic conditions all require radiography for a more complete diagnosis, thus allowing optimal planning of treatment. It is also necessary to know the normal radiographic anatomy to be able to identify the abnormal. Moreover, many dental procedures can be carried out only under radiographic control. Checking adequacy of procedures and success of treatment relies heavily on radiography. In short, radiographs are required to reach a diagnosis and thus plan treatment optimally, to be able to perform certain procedures, and to be able to assess the outcome of treatment performed. Practicing dentistry without using radiography as a tool would be considered negligent in human dentistry. In the author's opinion, the same would apply to veterinary dentistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Periodontal disease and diet in domestic pets.

Periodontal disease is the most common oral condition seen in domestic pets. In addition to the discomfort caused in the affected animal, there is strong circumstantial evidence to show that a focus of infection in the mouth may cause disease of distant organs. Consequently, prevention of periodontal disease is of paramount importance for the general health and well-being of pets. The presence of plaque on the tooth surfaces is the primary cause of periodontal disease. However, the mechanisms by which disease develops are by no means fully understood. Dietary texture does have an effect on the accumulation of dental deposits and consequently on disease development and progression. Daily toothbrushing remains the single most effective means of removing plaque, thus preventing periodontal disease. On the basis of current knowledge, the best way to maintain healthy periodontal tissues in our pets is frequent toothbrushing. The use of a dental hygiene chew and/or a diet designed to reduce dental deposits can be useful adjunctive measures and should be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect on canine oral health of adding chlorhexidine to a dental hygiene chew.

A study to compare the effect of a dental hygiene chew with or without 0.2% chlorhexidine on the development of gingivitis and the accumulation of dental deposits was performed using 11 small dogs. Confirming previous data, the daily addition of a standard chew to a dry diet resulted in significantly less gingivitis and calculus after 3 weeks compared with feeding the dry diet alone. Addition of chlorhexidine to the chew made no difference to the degree of gingivitis or the amount of calculus that accumulated, but did result in significantly less plaque accumulation after 3 weeks. The abrasiveness of the chew, rather than the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine, is likely to have contributed the most to the maintenance of oral health in dogs with mild gingivitis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Benefits of a 'dental hygiene chew' on the periodontal health of cats.

A study was undertaken to determine the clinical efficacy of a chew designed to improve dental hygiene in the cat. The accumulation of dental deposits (plaque and calculus) and the effect on gingival inflammation were assessed in 15 client-owned cats while on two different regimens. In the first leg of the study, the cats were fed a nutritionally complete dry diet supplemented with one dental hygiene chew. In the second leg of the study, the same cats were fed only the nutritionally complete diet. This study demonstrated that the daily addition of the chew to the dry diet resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation on tooth surfaces. It was our experience that daily feeding of the chew helped maintain dental hygiene in cats; however, regular professional therapy is still indicated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

Humane dentistry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1997

Effect of two dietary regimens on gingivitis in the dog.

The effect of two commercially available dietary regimens on the development of gingivitis and the accumulation of dental plaque, calculus and stain in the dog were studied. One regimen consisted of feeding an oral hygiene chew and a standard dry diet. The other was based on a specifically designed oral care dry main meal. The study was conducted using 15 dogs in a two period, parallel cross-over design. Each period consisted of a one week pretest phase followed by a three week test phase. During the test phase, gingivitis and plaque were measured after one week and gingivitis, calculus, stain and plaque were measured after a further two weeks. Comparison of the two regimens showed that there were equal amounts of gingivitis, plaque and calculus by the end of the study. There was significantly more stain and significant loss in bodyweight when the main meal was fed. The role of dietary modification in the maintenance of periodontal health is discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

The role of tooth-brushing and diet in the maintenance of periodontal health in dogs.

Tooth-brushing every other day did not maintain clinically healthy gingivae in dogs. The daily addition of a dental hygiene chew to a regimen of tooth brushing every other day reduced the gingivitis scores and reduced the accumulation of dental deposits (plaque, calculus and stain). Daily tooth-brushing should be the recommendation to the dog owner irrespective of dietary regimen. Providing a dental hygiene chew daily seems to give an added health benefit when tooth-brushing is less frequent, and provides the pet owner with a useful adjunct for homecare.

Analysis of Variance↗