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Biomedical subjects

C Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to C Gordon.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The modulating effects of flurbiprofen on adriamycin plus vincristine or vindesine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

To assess the modulating effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on chemotherapeutic agents, 183 patients with advanced breast cancer have been treated in a randomised study with flurbiprofen or placebo and adriamycin plus a vinca alkaloid. To assess the efficacy of the new vinca alkaloid, vindesine, in breast cancer, patients were further randomised to receive vindesine or vincristine. The overall response rate in evaluable patients was 57%, and the median duration of response in the different treatment groups varied from 6 to 10 months. Response rates and toxicity in vindesine- and vincristine-treated patients were similar, although with vindesine neurotoxicity was slightly lower. Flurbiprofen did not improve the response rate or reduce the toxicity of adriamycin plus vinca alkaloid.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for a direct action of exogenous insulin on the pancreatic islets of diabetic mice: islet response to insulin pre-incubation.

Pancreatic islets were isolated by collagenase digest from normal (+/+) and severely diabetic (db/db) mice of the C57BL/Ks strain. Batches of islets from the diabetic mice were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer medium containing glucose (3 mmol/l), with or without mouse insulin (50 mU/l), before perifusion. When compared with untreated islets from the same digest, pre-incubation of islets from diabetic mice with insulin elicited a restoration of the biphasic insulin response to a glucose challenge which was indistinguishable from the response of the untreated, control islets from non-diabetic mice. Untreated diabetic islets showed no insulin response to glucose challenge, insulin values being very significantly lower than those of either non-diabetic or treated diabetic mouse islets (p = less than 0.005). The restoration of secretion in treated islets of diabetic mice was shown not to be an artefact. These observations provide evidence for a direct, as yet undefined, action of insulin on the beta cell of the diabetic mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intraportal autotransplantation of cryopreserved porcine islets of Langerhans.

Mechanically prepared isolated islets of Langerhans were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for a period of 4 days. Intraportal autotransplantation studies were performed on two groups of six pigs rendered diabetic by total pancreatectomy (group 2) or by partial pancreatectomy combined with streptozotocin (group 4) and compared with two control groups (groups 1 and 3, respectively). The pigs were assessed for survival, weight gain, glycosuria, polyuria, systemic blood sugar and insulin, and, in selected pigs, intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Results showed that partial pancreatectomy with streptozotocin was the better tolerated experimental diabetes. Variable control of hyperglycemia was obtained over an experimental period of 3 months. Random blood glucose returned to normal in one of six pigs in the totally pancreatectomized group and three of six pigs in the partial pancreatectomy and streptozotocin group. Despite these normal circulating glucose levels, imperfect glucose homeostasis was achieved as shown by the response to glucose tolerance testing. These results report blood glucose control after cryopreserved islet autotransplants in diabetic pigs but further study is still necessary to achieve consistency.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and factor VIII inhibitor.

A patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia manifested recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding aggravated by an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone successfully corrected the coagulation defect.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic response to refined carbohydrates in idiopathic urolithiasis.

The dietary habits of 139 stone patients and 20 control subjects were assessed to investigate the differential features, if any, of the eating pattern between the two groups. There was no significant difference between stone formers and controls, although the data for animal protein was inadequate for statistical analysis. In a separate study, 39 idiopathic calcium stone formers and 18 control subjects were studied by measuring the blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon levels following oral glucose. The insulin response was abnormal in 70% of the patients. Increased urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate oversaturation were significantly associated with patients who exhibited an abnormal insulin response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sexual conflict and eating disorders in 27 males.

Twenty-seven anorectic and bulimic males and 142 anorectic and bulimic females treated on an eating disorders unit were compared. Significantly more male patients reported experiencing sexual isolation, sexual inactivity, and conflicted homosexuality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Subzero preservation of mechanically prepared porcine islets of Langerhans: response to a glucose challenge in vitro.

Islets of Langerhans, prepared by a new mechanical process and avoiding enzymatic digestion were frozen to -196 degrees C. Two rates of freezing were compared, instantaneous directly into liquid nitrogen and slow freezing at 1 degree C min-1. Post-thaw survival was greater after slow freezing. Three concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were compared. The 10% v/v concentration was found to give greater success than 20 or 30%. Contaminating exocrine tissue was found not to survive the freezing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Conflicting treatment models for the inpatient management of borderline patients.

The authors contrast two paradigms for long-term treatment of borderline patients: 1) modified psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which attempts to bring about structural intrapsychic change, and 2) psychotherapy that strives only to improve adaptation. They demonstrate the divergent uses of the psychiatric hospital for these two treatments and the potential for regression and hospital failure when conceptual conflict arises between inpatient and outpatient clinicians or when the hospital mixes aspects of these often antithetical treatment models.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) nephrotoxicity and its relationship to renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione.

To investigate the mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) nephrotoxicity, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given one injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg i.v.). Urinary levels of amino acids and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were monitored for 8 days; kidney homogenate content of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was followed for 50 hr, and that of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and total glutathione was followed for 4 hr. Peak urinary levels of amino acids and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase occurred 4.5 hr after the i.v. dose. Glutamine, glycine, and ethanolamine were all elevated greater than 20 times that of the control at 4.5 hr and were still significantly elevated at 50 hr. Total renal glutathione content increased 51 +/- 17% (S.D.) of control values 20 min after cisplatin was given, before returning to base-line levels. No depletion of either renal glutathione or glutathione peroxidase was detected over the time interval studied. These results demonstrate an earlier physiological impairment than has hitherto been shown. Furthermore, depletion of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase does not occur in the rat kidney following therapeutic doses of cisplatin, in contrast to the changes observed in cardiac tissue following doxorubicin treatment.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1983

Phase I trial of PCNU.

In a phase I trial, 28 patients with advanced solid tumors were given PCNU daily for 5 days by iv infusion over 20 minutes at 6-week intervals. The total dose for each course ranged from 25 to 150 mg/m2 in six escalation steps. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, with a platelet count depression regularly observed at doses of greater than or equal to 82.5 mg/m2. Leukopenia occurred only at higher doses. Nausea was uncommon, and vomiting did not occur. There were no adverse drug-related effects on renal or hepatic function. No antitumor activity was observed. A dose range of 100-125 mg/m2 iv for each 5-day course (20-25 mg/m2/day) is recommended for phase II studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Ultradian rhythms in renal excretion in dogs.

Urine flow, osmolality, concentrations of sodium and potassium were measured every 10 min for 24 hours in 6 female dogs, whose sleep-wake stages were monitored electrographically. Experiments were conducted under hydration and progressive dehydration conditions. Visual examination and spectral analysis revealed significant diurnal ultradian rhythms of about 200 min/cycle in urine flow, which were out of phase with similar rhythms in osmolality in different hydratory conditions. Diurnal rhythms with similar characteristics were found in urinary potassium only in the hydration condition. Sodium excretions did not show consistent rhythmic patterns. No consistent rhythms were found in nocturnal urine parameters in different hydratory conditions. The variations in renal activities were related to the dogs' diurnal ultradian sleep-wake cycle, urine volume increased and osmolality decreased during diurnal waking episodes, and conversely volume decreased and osmolality increased during the diurnal sleep episodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Adjuvant aminoglutethimide therapy for postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer: progress report.

A group of 122 postmenopausal patients with histologically proven node-positive primary breast cancer have been randomized to receive aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone or placebo aminoglutethimide-placebo hydrocortisone for 2 years. Median follow-up is 17 months. In general, treatment was well tolerated, but 15 patients required a reduction in the dose of aminoglutethimide, and of these four patients were unable to continue therapy due to side effects. Primary staging, incidence of extensive node involvement, and estrogen receptor were similar in the treatment and control arms. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) and estrone were measured in a subgroup of patients, and significant suppression of DHA-S levels throughout the duration of the treatment period as seen in patients receiving the active drug. No significant suppression of either DHA-S or estrone levels was seen in the controls. Patients were monitored for metastases by serial liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen, and chest X-rays, and of 26 relapsing patients only three patients were not detected by this screen. We conclude that adjuvant aminoglutethimide is moderately well tolerated. It is capable of suppressing DHA-S throughout 2 years of treatment. A further 280 patients will be entered into the study to assess the survival benefit for those taking aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical trial of multiple endocrine therapy for metastatic and locally advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen-aminoglutethimide-danazol compared to tamoxifen used alone.

Multiple-endocrine therapy with combinations of various types of treatment has not been evaluated properly in spite of the success of individual types of hormone treatment. This paper reports the early results of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing tamoxifen (10 mg 2 times/day)-amino-glutethimide (250 mg 3 times/day)-danazol (100 mg 3 times/day)-hydrocortisone (20 mg 2 times/day) (TAD) with tamoxifen (10 mg 2 times/day). Analysis of the first 107 assessable patients indicates objective response (criteria of the International Union Against Cancer) in 33% of patients receiving tamoxifen versus 50% of patients receiving TAD. Duration of response to TAD is identical to duration of response to tamoxifen alone. TAD is well tolerated, and toxicity, although greater than or tamoxifen, is acceptable.

Aminoglutethimide↗