Biomedical subjects

C Gillberg

Publications and source records attributed to C Gillberg.

277 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Personality disorders in a total population twin cohort with eating disorders.

Findings regarding the occurrence of personality disorders (PDs) in eating disorders (EDs) have been contradictory. Most previous studies have been clinic-based. The aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of PD in ED in a population-based twin group and to establish the distribution of PD in three subgroups of ED. A two-step screening and diagnostic study of ED was performed in a large Danish twin population. Axis I and axis II DSM-III-R and DSM-IV ED diagnoses were made on the basis of results obtained at clinical investigations and interviews. Forty-nine percent of the participants with ED had at least one PD, compared to 26% in those with no ED (P <.001). Cluster C PD was the most common type of PD in all subgroups of ED, and cluster B PD was found only in participants with bulimic symptoms. Genetic factors appeared to contribute significantly to the variance of cluster C PD in ED, which was evaluated as a possibly important background factor in ED.

Cluster Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The cognitive profile of anorexia nervosa: a comparative study including a community-based sample.

A community-based sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) cases (n = 51) was contrasted with an age-, sex-, and school-matched comparison group [comp] (n = 51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) at a mean age of 21 years. There were no study dropouts. Fewer than 10% of AN cases were underweight at the time of testing. Overall, there were few differences across the two groups, even though the COMP group performed significantly better on the object assembly subtest. A small subgroup of AN cases showed autism-spectrum disorders. This subgroup tended toward test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome. These findings are discussed in relation to the clinical need for subgrouping of AN cases with a view to improving treatment programs/interviews.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

School phobia with separation anxiety disorder: a comparative 20- to 29-year follow-up study of 35 school refusers.

The outcome of school phobia after age 30 years was studied with the hypothesis that school phobia cases would have persisting psychiatric problems, but would function better than nonschool refusal psychiatric patients. The subjects consisted of three groups. Thirty-five individuals treated for school phobia at ages 7 to 12 years were compared with age- and sex-matched nonschool refusal child psychiatric patients (n = 35) and a sample from the general population (n = 35). School phobia cases had had more psychiatric consultation, lived with their parents more often than the general population group, and had fewer children than both comparison groups. The nonschool refusal child psychiatric patients had poorer psychosocial adjustment and higher rates of criminal offenses. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Familial factors in anorexia nervosa: a community-based study.

A group of 51 cases with teenage anorexia nervosa (AN; including a total population of cases from one birth cohort) were compared with a sex-, age-, and school-matched group of 51 cases on familial factors. The subjects were examined at age 16 and 21 years. In the first study, mothers of both groups were interviewed regarding physical and psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives. In the followup study, the subjects were interviewed according to the same structured interview schedule. The data from these interviews were deidentified, and case notes were prepared by a clinician blind to group status. The randomly assorted case notes were then submitted to an experienced psychiatrist who also was blind to group status. There were more relatives with a history and symptoms suggestive of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and major depression in the AN group. There was also significantly more death in first-degree relatives of anorexia nervosa cases. In respect to many axis I DSM-IV diagnoses, including eating disorders and substance abuse, there were no significant differences across groups. Instead we found PDD symptoms, major depression, and death in first-degree relatives to be important in the AN group.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Depressive disorders in teenage-onset anorexia nervosa: a controlled longitudinal, partly community-based study.

The study objective was to examine the prevalence and course of depressive disorders (DDs) in teenage-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) over a period of 10 years. Fifty-one adolescents with AN and a sex- and age-matched control group (n = 51) were assessed at ages 16, 21, and 24 years. Probands and controls were examined in depth using semistructured and structured interviews. Their parents were interviewed on the occasion of the first examination. DDs were assessed using DSM-III-R criteria. Subjects with AN had a greatly increased rate of DDs (85%) of all kinds and at all ages as compared with control subjects. The risk of DD during the follow-up period from 21 up to and including 24 years could be predicted by diagnostic group status and the presence of DD during the period from 16 to 21 years, while the risk of DD during the follow-up period from 16 up to and including 21 years was solely predicted by the presence of AN at age 16 years. Long-term resolution of the eating disorder (ED) was associated with the absence of mood disorder or vice versa. Bipolar disorder (BP) occurred at roughly the expected rate (11%) among subjects (probands and controls) with major depression (MDD). In conclusion, depression is a very common comorbid problem in AN: more than four of five individuals with teenage-onset AN had at least one episode of DSM-III-R depression (MD or dysthymia [DT]) within 10 years after onset of the ED. AN appears to trigger the first episode of depression, but once it is manifest, depression predicts further depressive episodes.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychiatric disorders in the 22q11 deletion syndrome.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken with a view to establishing the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders in the 22q11 deletion syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-two children and young adults with genetically confirmed 22q11 deletion were given comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessments. RESULTS: Altogether, 56% had a neuropsychiatric disorder. Only 6% were of normal IQ and free of physchiatric disorder. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed in 44% and 31% had an autism spectrum problem. In 16% criteria for both these diagnoses were met. Fifty-three percent had mental retardation, often with a test-profile suggesting a nonverbal learning disorder. CONCLUSION: The findings imply that a majority of children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome are in need of neuropsychiatric assessment and intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Whither research in anorexia and bulimia nervosa?

Despite the immense volume of literature on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, very few issues can be regarded as even near settled. Future research needs to concentrate on controlled population-based studies and replication studies to confirm or reject hypotheses that are supported by interesting preliminary results.

Adolescent↗