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Biomedical subjects

C Gay

Publications and source records attributed to C Gay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Premature infants weighing less than 1000 grams: mortality, morbidity and short-term neurologic outcome].

The outcome of 60 premature infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth and consecutively born during the years 1986 to 1988 is reported. Forty-two (70%) of them were inborn. The overall mortality rate was 42%, but only 26% in the inborn group instead of 78% in the outborn group (P less than 0.001). The mortality rate was higher for the appropriate for gestational age infants (56%) than for the growth retarded infants (14%, P less than 0.01). The main neonatal problems were the following: hyaline membrane disease (63%), patent ductus arteriosus (7%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (8%), necrotizing enterocolitis (15%), intraventricular hemorrhages (45%) and periventricular leukomalacia (12%). Twenty percent (7/35) of the surviving infants showed abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome, with only one (3%) having major handicap. No correlation was found between gestational age and neuro-developmental outcome.

Child Development↗
PubMed1989

The E5 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus is oriented asymmetrically in Golgi and plasma membranes.

The E5 oncoprotein of BPV-1 is a 44 amino acid, hydrophobic polypeptide which is present in membrane fractions of transformed cell homogenates. To define the specific cellular membrane compartments with which E5 associates, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were performed using an affinity-purified antibody specific for the E5 carboxyl-terminus. Two cell systems which overexpressed the E5 protein were analyzed: (1) Balb/c 3T3 mouse cells transformed by a BPV-1 cDNA expressing the E2-E5 ORFs, and (2) Sf9 insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing the E5 ORF. In both cell types, E5 protein was found in the membranes of the Golgi apparatus with its carboxyl-terminus oriented intraluminally. In the Sf9 cells, which synthesize much greater quantities of viral protein, E5 protein was observed additionally in plasma membranes with the carboxyl-terminus facing extracellularly. The concentration of E5 protein within the Golgi and plasma membranes suggests several potential mechanisms for inducing cellular transformation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

X-linked olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

We present a kindred with a relatively pure cerebellar degeneration that demonstrates X-linked recessive inheritance. The unique clinical picture of affected patients in our kindred is characterized by an infantile onset of ataxia; very slow rate of progression; normal strength, reflexes, and sensation; and cerebellar degeneration with involvement of the olive and pons demonstrated by neuroimaging techniques. The distinction between this and other reported olivopontocerebellar degenerations is made on the basis of the clinical features and mode of inheritance. It is not clear if the distinct clinical pattern in this kindred represents variable expression of a previously reported condition, allelic variance of previously reported kindreds, or a separate clinical entity. Molecular analysis, currently underway, may help settle the issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Human B-cell differentiation by Fc fragment of IgG. I. Fc fragment from human IgG induces plasma cell generation but cannot induce lymphocyte proliferation.

Circulating mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal donors were examined for lymphocyte proliferation and plasma cell differentiation following stimulation by Fc and Fab fragments or by intact IgG. Lymphocyte differentiation and DNA synthesis were examined as a function of culture duration and concentration of Fc, Fab fragments, and IgG. Plasma cells containing intracytoplasmic Ig were demonstrated by immunofluorescence with a polyvalent antiserum to human immunoglobulin and with specific antisera (anti-mu, -gamma, -alpha, -delta, -kappa, and -lambda chains). DNA synthesis of mononuclear cells cultures was analyzed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. The results indicated that only the Fc fragments are able to induce the differentiation of B cells. The polyclonal plasma cell response to Fc fragments was dose dependent, peaked on the sixth day of culture, and was isotypically diverse (IgM greater than IgA greater than IgG). This activity requires the presence of T helper cells and monocytes. In contrast, the Fc fragments were unable to induce a proliferative response.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Short-term lithium administration to healthy volunteers produces long-lasting pronounced changes in platelet serotonin uptake but not imipramine binding.

Platelet [3H]-5HT uptake, [3H]-imipramine binding and endogenous 5HT levels were measured in healthy volunteers during short-term (20 days) administration of lithium, and following its withdrawal. The Vmax of [3H]-5HT uptake was significantly decreased during lithium treatment. Following lithium withdrawal, platelet [3H]-5HT uptake (Vmax) remained decreased and was followed by a pronounced rebound effect in some of the subjects for up to 3 months. The affinity constant (Km) of [3H]-5HT uptake was not modified. Binding of tritiated imipramine during the same period and platelet 5HT levels measured till 14 days after withdrawal was not affected by lithium treatment. As lithium is devoid of in vitro effects on both 5HT uptake and imipramine binding, it is concluded that the effects of lithium on the 5HT transporter do not reflect a direct effect on the transporter complex. Our results indicate that lithium-induced changes at the level of 5HT uptake in platelets are not correlated with concomitant variations in platelet 5HT content and can be dissociated from modifications at the level of imipramine binding sites within the macromolecular complex of the 5HT transporter. Moreover, platelet 5HT uptake is apparently modulated by lithium, with a similar pattern in healthy volunteers and in manic-depressive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lack of correlation between DST results and urinary MHPG in depressed inpatients.

Abnormalities of noradrenaline metabolism and of the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) have been reported in depression. To study the possible relationship between these 2 parameters, urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) and Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) were analyzed in 58 depressed patients. A positive correlation was found between the age of depressed patients and 24-h urinary excretion of MHPG. Twenty-two patients (38%) were DST non suppressors. Pre-DST plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in non suppressors than suppressors. No difference was found however between urinary MHPG levels in suppressors and non suppressors. There was no correlation between pre-DST plasma cortisol and levels of urinary excretion of MHPG. These results do not support the hypothesis of a relationship between these 2 parameters. However, when depressed patients were separated into two groups according to urinary excretion of MHPG ("high MHPG" and "low MHPG"), the "high MHPG" group included significantly more non suppressors then the "low MHPG" one. This result is not sufficient to demonstrate of link between HPA system activity and central noradrenaline metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dexamethasone suppression test and the response to antidepressant depending on their central monoaminergic action in major depression.

After 1 mg DST, 25 major depressive patients (DSM-III) received at random either a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake (Maprotiline) or an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (Indalpine or Citalopram). After at least 3 weeks of treatment, no difference was found in treatment response between suppressors and non suppressors. This study is unable to confirm the usefulness of the DST in selection of treatment according to its central activity on serotonin or noradrenaline-reuptake.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Post-traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst with spontaneous regression].

A 9 year old boy presented a pancreatic pseudocyst in the early course of a traumatic pancreatitis (10th day after an abdominal trauma). The child remaining asymptomatic, a simple echographic and biological supervision (amylasemia and amylasuria) was adopted. Amylasemia and amylasuria were normalized within one month. Repeated echographies showed an increase of the size of the cyst at first, followed by its regression and disappearance within 2 months.

Amylases↗
PubMed1987

[Pulse oximetry and peroperative monitoring of low birth weight infants].

In 2 very low birth weight infants, a Nelcor 100 pulse oximeter was used during surgery. These 2 babies were anesthetized during the first 3 weeks of life, one for patent ductus arteriosus ligation and the other for ventriculo-peritoneal derivation. SaO2 was maintained between 85-95% in the straight portion of hemoglobin dissociation curves, where PaO2 values are from 7 to 10 KPal. During anesthesia, FiO2 was kept between 21 and 30%. Oximeters which have a fast response time seem to be a useful tool for monitoring blood oxygenation when it is difficult to estimate normoxia but very important to avoid hypoxia or over-oxygenation.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1987

[Urinary sediment in acute renal failure].

Over a one-year period, 31 episodes of acute renal failure in children have been studied for urine sediment by contrast phase microscopy (maintained diuresis: 15, oligoanuria: 16, dialysed patients: 9). The etiologies of acute renal failure were: sepsis = 8; nephrotoxicity = 7; hemolytic uremic syndrome = 5; acute nephritic syndrome = 3; hemodynamical changes = 4; obstructive renal failure = 2; others = 3; acute rejections after renal allograft were excluded. The first urine sediment examination was performed 5 days after the onset of renal failure, and has been controlled in 11 children. In 28 cases (90%), there was a good correlation between clinical, biological, ultrasonographic and pathological (4 cases) data. The mechanism of renal failure has been determined by urine sediment examination in most cases, sometimes allowing to rectify a previous diagnosis. The value of this examination seems to be more of anatomoclinical than of prognostic interest, mainly for definite (hemolytic uremic syndrome) or polyfactorial (oncohematological diseases) renal dysfunctions.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Decrease in plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in major depression.

Plasma levels of free and sulfoconjugated 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG), the main deaminated metabolite of norepinephrine, were measured in a group of 45 hospitalized patients presenting a major depression and a group of 45 healthy subjects, matched for sex and age. Compared to healthy subjects, depressed patients had significantly lower plasma levels of free and sulfoconjugated DOPEG. The ratio of free over conjugated DOPEG was not statistically different in the two groups. The reduction of plasma DOPEG levels in the depressed patients did not appear to be related to the duration of drug-free period and was similar in males and females. There was no statistically significant correlation between plasma DOPEG levels and total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Finally, plasma DOPEG levels did not differ in unior bipolar patients. The present data provides further evidence for a reduced CNS noradrenergic transmission in major depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol levels in depressed patients with and without abnormal dexamethasone suppression.

Escape from dexamethasone-induced suppression of plasma cortisol is an abnormality found in about half of patients with major depression. It has been hypothesized that this hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis might be related to a central noradrenergic hypofunction. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis by measuring plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG) levels (free and conjugated forms), an index of central noradrenergic activity, and by simultaneously carrying out a dexamethasone suppression test. Forty-five patients with a diagnosis of major depression (according to the DSM-III) were investigated. Plasma DOPEG levels (measured at 8 a.m.) were found to be similar in dexamethasone suppressor and nonsuppressor depressed patients. These results do not support the hypothesis that central noradrenergic hypoactivity underlies nonsuppression of dexamethasone in major depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Use of interactive computer technology in open clinical trials. Study with trazodone in depressed patients.

This study reports the efficacy and safety of trazodone as an antidepressant drug in a national telematic multicenter outpatient open clinical trial. In less than 3 months, 1,700 patients completed a 1-month treatment and among them, 65% were considered as responders. The side effect profile of the drug included sedation, gastrointestinal discomfort and moderate hypotension. One case of trazodone-induced priapism is presented and briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Telematic multicenter study of Pragmarel 100 mg (trazodone)].

Trazodone is a molecule which is already well known throughout the world for its antidepressant properties and its good global safety. We have conducted a large national study in outpatients. By means of a computerized communication network (233 psychiatrists equipped with Minitel), almost 2,000 depressed patients have been followed over a four week period of treatment with Pragmarel 100 mg, in less than three months. Computerized DSM III diagnostic criteria were used to define two sub-groups of patients. The results confirm the therapeutic indications of trazodone in various forms of depression, major affective disorders (689 cases) and other affective disorders (1,257 cases). 82% good and very good results were obtained in the overall population of patients, with a decrease by more than 50% in the initial score on the MADRS scale in 65% of cases. The low incidence of side effects and the excellent acceptability of treatment also confirm the date reported in the literature.

Adult↗