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Biomedical subjects

C Gandolfo

Publications and source records attributed to C Gandolfo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Intellectual impairment and cerebral lesions in multiple cerebral infarcts. A clinical-computed tomography study.

The relation between cerebral lesions studied by computed tomography and the dementia syndrome has been evaluated in 40 patients with multi-infarct dementia, in 44 nondemented subjects with multiple infarcts, and in 30 controls matched for age and sex. Our study of the volume of ischemic lesions showed a slightly greater loss of cerebral substance in patients with multi-infarct dementia than in nondemented subjects with multiple infarcts, particularly in subjects with unilateral focal lesions and in patients with bilateral multiple cortical and subcortical lesions. The dementia syndrome was significantly associated with multiple locations of lesions in the thalamic and cortical areas supplied by the middle cerebral arteries. Moreover, patients with the dementia syndrome showed a significantly higher degree of cerebral atrophy than nondemented subjects and controls as evaluated by measurements of ventricular size, area of ventricular space, and area of subarachnoid space.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Epidemiological data].

A review of existent epidemiological data on subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. The average annual incidence rate per 100,000 ranges from 7.4 to 19.4. The relative frequency in confront of all types of stroke ranges from 3 to 11%. The most important risk factors are: age over 40, feminine sex, arterial blood hypertension, oral contraceptive use, smoking cigarettes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Etiopathogenetic aspects].

Data from existent literature and from analysis of 60 personal cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage are examined in order to clarify the etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms. In about 50% of the patients intracranial arterial aneurysms are found; in a lower percentage arteriovenous malformations or arterial atherosclerotic lesions are seen. Specific activities or events related to the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage are found in about 50% of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term prognosis of patients with lacunar syndromes.

A follow-up study of 107 patients with lacunar syndromes has been performed using the analysis of the survival curves and the recurrence curves for new focal cerebrovascular acute episodes. At the end of the 7th year of follow-up, the survival rate of lacunar patients was 479 per 1000, lower than the survival rate of the normal population matched for sex and age (755 per 1000). A more severe prognosis was observed in subjects over 65 years of age, in patients with pseudobulbar syndrome, hypertension and higher degree of disability. The average recurrence rate for new cerebrovascular episodes was 4.74 per 100 patient-years, much lower than that in survivors from cerebral infarction.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study of an Italian population.

We conducted a case-control study of 116 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in seven Italian centers. One hundred sixteen hospital controls and 97 population controls were matched by age, sex, and region of residence to the cases. A structured questionnaire was administered to the next-of-kin of cases and controls by trained interviewers to identify possible risk factors. Genetic, viral, toxic, immunologic, medical, surgical, and personality factors were investigated. Dementia among first- or second-degree relatives and advanced age of the mother at subject's birth (age over 40) were associated with AD. Head trauma was more frequent in cases than in either hospital or population controls, but the differences were not significant. Our data did not confirm the previously reported association with antecedent thyroid disease or family history of Down's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's type and multi-infarct dementia evaluated by the study of albumin and IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Albumin and IgG have been determined in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 64 patients affected by Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT/AD), 17 multi-infarct dementia (MID) patients and 52 controls. The concentrations of albumin and IgG in the serum and CSF have been taken into account to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the occurrence of intrathecal immunological activation in demented patients. Clear-cut signs of BBB damage have been shown only in the group of patients affected by MID, whilst none of the two groups of patients displayed signs of immunological activation, expressed by an increase in IgG index, nor abnormally low CSF/serum ratios for IgG, previously suggested as expressive of a "consumption" of IgG by the brain parenchyma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Headache in transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

The evaluation of headache in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) has various sources of difficulty, the definition of TIA being the most relevant. The classical definition needs to be supplemented with a normal CT scan if a misleading diagnostic statement is to be avoided. The clinical features of 90 patients suffering from TIA and who had contrast-enhanced CT scans are reported. Headache occurred in 30% of the patients. Headache prevailed in patients with vertebrobasilar TIA compared with carotid TIA (p less than 0.05). Headache prevailed as a preceding (24 h) and/or concomitant sign compared with other neurological symptoms (77.8% of the patients). Headache was ipsilateral, in the anterior half of the head in the carotid TIA and in the posterior half of the head in the vertebrobasilar TIA. In about 50% of the patients generalized non-localized headache occurred. Headache usually preceded the neurological symptoms in cases of arterial occlusion (20 carotid, 3 vertebral artery), usually appearing during or after the attack in cases without arterial occlusion. Only 2 cases out of 20 with positive CT scan had headache. These two patients suffered from a rather large hypodense lesion. The other 18 patients showed lacunar lesions. Different hypotheses concerning the physiopathology of the headache associated with TIA are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

"Bolus" methylprednisolone versus ACTH in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Two groups of 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were randomly treated with corticotrophin (ACTH) and "bolus" 6-methylprednisolone (B/6-MP) to compare the effectiveness of the two treatments. Both ACTH and B/6-MP showed a similar effect, improving acute neurological deficits of MS patients without modifying the long term course of the disease. B/6-MP, showing prompt effectiveness and lack of side effects, may be regarded as a useful alternative to conventional treatment of MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Analogic delay lines for electrophysiological signals: practical approaches in CNS spike-activity analysis.

In extracellular microelectrode recordings of single PT-neurons, the time-shift of the signals by means of two different analogic delay lines allowed both the morphology of the spontaneous spikes and the related periods of antidromic unresponsiveness to be carefully evaluated. It has been shown that the limitations of the FM-type recorder delay technique can be avoided employing an integrated shift-register delay line for analogic signal processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[HLA and Huntington chorea].

Twenty-three patients with documented Huntington's Chorea were typed for 54 HLA antigens belonging to A, B and C loci. The control group was constituted by 124 healthy subjects of the same ethnic background. Patients and controls were typed with the same antisera. In this study no significant differences in the distribution of HLA antigens between the two groups were found. These data indicate that Huntington's Chorea is not associated with any of HLA antigens serologically determined. However, these findings do not exclude the possibility that other genes, whether or not related to MHC, could be responsible of the family inheritance of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ortho-antidromic latency fitting and identification of antidromically activated CNS long-axoned neurones.

The intrinsic errors of the collision test were evaluated in extracellular recordings of cat's pyramidal tract (PT)-units. A modified collision technique by means of paired and suitably timed PT-stimuli allowed the demonstration of the ortho-antidromic latency fitting. This method could represent an important counterproof to the true antidromic activation of CNS long-aconed neurons.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Trazodone by intravenous infusion in depressions secondary to organic disease.

16 patients with organic depression were treated with low doses of trazodone (100 mg/day) by i.v. infusion. This drug was shown to have a marked antidepressant and anxiolytic action and did not produce any significant side-effects. The authors suggest that on the basis of the diminished 24-hour urinary excretion of 5-HIAA, trazodone seems to have an antiserotonin action at low doses.

Adult↗