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Biomedical subjects

C G Watson

Publications and source records attributed to C G Watson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Pain adaptation and emotional deficit.

The pain adaptation rates of high- and low-emotional deficit schizophrenics were compared. Electrical stimulation pain thresholds were calculated and retaken at four intervals after administration of shocks in a learning task. Low scorers on the General Sensation-Seeking and Thrill/Adventure Seeking scales showed significantly less pain adaptation than did their high sensation-seeking counterparts. No differences in level of adaptation appeared between high and low scorers on the Anhedonia scale or three other sensation-seeking scales. The results suggested that the neurotic emotional deficit defined by the sensation-seeking scales may be mediated by inadequate adaptation to painful stimuli.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Schizophrenic subtypes and differential responsiveness to reward and punishment.

Variations in responsivity to primary, secondary asocial and interpersonal rewards and punishments between major schizophrenic subgroups were investigated in a probability learning study. The subgroups compared were process and reactive, paranoid and nonparanoid, long- and short-hospitalization, and long- and short-length of illness schizophrenics. No evidence of differential responsivity to these reward-punishment/modality combinations appeared between high and low scorers on any of the four schizophrenic subgrouping dimensions. The groups then were matched closely so that the effects of each individual difference measure could be evaluated independently of the other three. Again, no significant differences in responsiveness to the reinforcement/modality combinations appeared. The results do not support the view that any of the four dimensions relate to differential responsiveness to primary, secondary asocial or verbal reward or punishment--at least on relatively simple tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Physiologic control of two neurophysins in humans.

Two human neurophysins, nicotine stimulated neurophysin (NSN), and estrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) were assayed during physiologic maneuvers and pathologic states in man. NSN is thought to be associated with vasopressin and was elevated in some subjects by volume depletion, surgical stress, hypotension and hypertonic saline infusion. Overnight dehydration did not elevate NSN in spite of urinary concentration. NSN was elevated in some subjects with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and when tested was unresponsive to administered water, alcohol or nicotine. ESN was elevated during estrogen administration, in pregnancy, in newborns and in patients with cirrhosis. NSN was also acutely increased at parturition. These data support the association of NSN with vasopressin although changes in NSN were found only with potent stimuli for vasopressin release. ESN may be associated with oxytocin but demonstration of this awaits knowledge of oxytocin physiology in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Inpatient care or outplacement: which is better for the psychiatric medically infirm patient?

Eighty-four geriatirc ward patients were randomly assigned to groups targeted for outplacement planning or inpatient care. During the following year, half of the former were placed in community settings while nearly all of the latter remained in the hospital. Neither the physical health, level of self-care, or psychiatric condition ratings of the two groups changed differentially over that time. However, the mean Morale Inventory score of the outplacement sample improved while that of the in-patient group remained static. Additional analyses were run between three groups - outplacement planning subjects who were released, those who were not released, and inpatient planning men who were not released. These results confirmed those of the first analyses; the only significant difference appeared on the Morale Inventory, the patients who left showing more improvement than the other two groups. The results argue for an increased emphasis on outplacement programs among geriatric patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of abstractive and nonabstractive deficits in schizophrenics and psychiatric controls.

Chapman and Chapman (Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1973) have suggested that findings of abstract thinking deficits in schizophrenia could be functions of control task artifacts. This paper describes two projects in which the abilities of schizophrenics and psychiatric hospital controls who had been closely matched on a wide variety of vocabulary and nonvocabulary control tasks to perform several types of abstract thinking tasks were compared. No differences on the mean scores of the schizophrenic and control patients appeared on four of five measures used. On the fifth, a logical reasoning test, the schizophrenics were inferior to controls. The results suggest that many of the differences reported earlier between schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics on abstraction tasks may result from the heavy reliance of researchers on vocabulary as a control matching test, and its peculiar resistance to deterioration in schizophrenia. The results also suggest that inability to use logic properly may be.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) on anxiety, depression, and hostility in psychiatric patients.

The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) and placebo on self-ratings of anxiety, depression, and hostility were compared. No difference in the amount of improvement shown by the two groups appeared on any of the five measures employed, although a major placebo effect was evident on all of the criteria. The results argue against the use of electrosleep as a treatment for these symptoms except when it may be employed for its placebo value.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The relationships of the process/reactive, paranoid/nonparanoid, length of illness, and length of hospitalization dimensions to schizophrenic abstract thinking deficits.

Attempts to determine whether the quality of schizophrenic thought disorder varies from one type of schizophrenic to another in earlier studies have been hindered by the contamination of the major individual difference dimensions with each other. In the project described here, partial correlations were run between each of two abstraction deficit measures (Proverbs Test Abstract Level and Autism scores) and four independent variables which represent dimensions commonly used as criteria in individual differences research in schizophrenia--Ullmann-Giovannoni Process-Reactive scores, the MMPI Paranoia Scale, length of illness, and length of hospitalization. In each correlation the three noncriterion individual difference measures, the unused abstraction measure, age, education, and WAIS Vocabulary were partialed out. The correlations were also corrected for attenuation. After partialing, level of abstraction was negatively correlated with processness. Autism was positively related to reactiveness and length of hospitalization. Neither of two paranoid/nonparanoid measures used nor length of illness was related to either dependent variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Involuntary transfer as a cause of death and a medical hospitalization in geriatric neuropsychiatric patients.

The effects of mass involuntary transfer on geriatric neuropsychiatric male patients were evaluated by comparing outcomes for three overlapping sets of patients (N = 403, 385, and 378) over several follow-up periods. One group, the "reorganization" sample, consisted of all patients on three geriatric wards at a time just before the wards were reorganized and 20 percent of the patients were transferred to other buildings. The comparison samples comprised two overlapping groups consisting of all patients on the wards four months earlier and four months later.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test as a measure of intelligence in children with palatal problems.

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were administered to 33 children with palate problems. The correlations between PPVT and Wechsler IQ's ranged from .45 to .50 indicating that the Peabody is only a moderately good predictor of WISC scores in this population and suggesting that its utility in cleft palate children is limited. Additional data on the PPVT-WISC relationships are also presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Angiosarcoma of the breast: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Angiosarcoma of the breast, a rare tumor with very poor prognosis and insidious early manifestations, frequently is far advanced when first detected clinically. The clinical and pathologic changes in two women with primary, unilateral angiosarcoma of the breast are reviewed and the results are compared with 46 cases already published in the literature. Both patients were middle aged with symptoms for approximately 6 months prior to operation. Both frozen section reports were benign and only called malignant on permanent section. Microscopically the tumors were composed of varying sized, tortuous, elongated vascular channels. The operation varied--a modified radical and a simple mastectomy--and both patients are free from disease 4 and 2 years following operation. It is considered that, in view of the proclivity of this tumor for hematogenous metastases, an axillary dissection may not be justified.

Adult↗