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C G Salomon

Publications and source records attributed to C G Salomon.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Prostate carcinoma: transrectal US after cryosurgical ablation.

PURPOSE: To characterize the transrectal ultrasound (US) morphology of the prostate after cryosurgical ablation and correlate these findings with the detection of residual tumor at transrectal US-directed biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Findings from 24 transrectal US examinations in 15 patients (age range, 63-75 years) who had undergone cryosurgical ablation of the prostate were reviewed. Prospective identification of focal lesions with transrectal US and retrospective review of US prostate morphology were correlated with clinical data and transrectal US-directed biopsy results. RESULTS: Identification of a focal lesion with transrectal US yielded a sensitivity of 13%, specificity of 69%, positive predictive value of 17%, and negative predictive value of 61% for the detection of residual carcinoma. US prostate morphology was variable and distorted in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: Identification of focal lesions with transrectal US is not a reliable criterion for the detection of residual tumor in the prostate after cryosurgical ablation. Systematic biopsy should not be deferred owing to lack of transrectal US identification of focal abnormalities in patients with appropriate clinical indications.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Sonographic signs of breast implant rupture.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated sonography as a screening test for breast implant rupture and developed diagnostic criteria for implant rupture. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Women contemplating implant removal were evaluated prospectively with sonography. Implants were classified as normal, indeterminate, or ruptured. Individual sonographic signs were analyzed for their statistic association with implant rupture. To measure the degree of interobserver variation, static images were evaluated by two different observers. RESULTS: Of 236 implants evaluated, surgical confirmation was available in 78, 22 of which were ruptured and 56, intact. Echogenic noise, multiple discontinuous parallel linear echoes, and echodense aggregates in the implant lumen were statistically associated with rupture. Based on sonographic findings, we classified 34 implants as intact (at surgery: 31 intact, 3 ruptured). We classified 19 as ruptured (at surgery: 11 ruptured, 8 intact). Of the 25 implants we classified as indeterminate, 17 were intact and 8 were ruptured at surgery. Therefore, sonography had a positive predictive value of 58%, a negative predictive value of 91%, a sensitivity of 50%, and a specificity of 55%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggests a learning curve effect and no significant interobserver variation. CONCLUSIONS: A normal sonographic result is highly predictive of an intact implant. Thus, sonography is useful in evaluating symptomatic women or women concerned about implant rupture. An indeterminate sonographic result suggests the need for further testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sonography of the umbilical cord.

Knowledge of the development, normal sonographic appearance, and potential abnormalities of the umbilical cord is important in fetal assessment. The umbilical cord can be visualized throughout most of gestation and is detectable sonographically soon after visualization of the fetal pole. The normal umbilical cord is 50-60 cm long and may coil as many as 40 times, usually to the left. Abnormalities in umbilical cord size, degree of coiling, attachment, and position can have important implications for the outcome of the pregnancy. Structural abnormalities of the umbilical cord such as single umbilical artery, knots, cysts, and tumors may be associated with fetal distress or malformations. Color Doppler ultrasound (US) is useful in the identification and evaluation of structural abnormalities of the cord. By allowing measurement of blood flow velocity in the umbilical artery, duplex Doppler US may provide additional information in the evaluation of intrauterine growth retardation and twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Sonographic evaluation of the breast.

Knowledge of appropriate ultrasonographic (US) techniques and the US appearance of the normal breast and specific lesions is essential for successful application of breast US. The highest quality breast sonograms are achieved with 5-10-MHz linear transducers, imaging the lesion within the transducer focal zone, and relatively steep time-gain compensation curves. On sonograms, the fat in normal breast parenchyma is hypoechoic, fibrous tissue is echogenic, and glandular tissue is intermediate in echogenicity. Some normal structures can simulate masses, including the anterior costochondral junction when imaged in cross section and fat lobules outlined by Cooper ligaments when imaged in a perpendicular plane. Cysts have an anechoic interior, sharp margins, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Benign solid lesions are usually hypoechoic but variable in US appearance, which can overlap with that of complicated cysts. The classic US appearance of breast carcinoma is a hypoechoic mass with inhomogeneous internal echoes, irregular margins, and variable acoustic shadowing, although carcinoma can appear well circumscribed or have posterior acoustic shadowing in some cases. The most important function of breast US is differentiating a cyst from a solid lesion. US is also useful for evaluating a palpable mass in either young patients (< 30 years old) or those with dense breasts and negative mammographic results.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Directed and random biopsies of the prostate: indications based on combined results of transrectal sonography and prostate-specific antigen density determinations.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the usefulness of transrectal sonography, prostate-specific antigen levels, and prostate-specific antigen density as indications for directed and random biopsies of the prostate in patients with possible prostatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 141 patients with increased levels of prostate-specific antigen or abnormal findings on digital rectal examination had transrectal sonography of the prostate and determination of prostate-specific antigen density. Through sonographic visualization, all patients had biopsies of possible cancerous lesions and random biopsies of regions of the prostate that appeared normal. Histologic results were correlated with sonographic findings and determinations of prostate-specific antigen levels and prostate-specific antigen density. RESULTS: Adenocarcinoma was detected in 40 (28%) of the 141 patients. Transrectal sonography showed an abnormality that was determined by directed biopsy to be a carcinoma in 27 (68%) of the 40 patients. Transrectal sonography showed no carcinoma in 13 patients (32%) for whom random biopsy revealed a tumor. The sensitivity of sonography was 68%, and the specificity was 49%. The combination of sonographic findings suggestive of cancer and increased prostate-specific antigen density had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 75%; we calculated a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 56% for the combination of sonographic findings suggestive of tumor and increased levels of prostate-specific antigen. Thirty-nine (97%) of 40 patients with cancer had either sonographic findings suggestive of tumor or increased prostate-specific antigen density, and one (3%) had no evidence of tumor on sonography and a normal prostate-specific antigen density. CONCLUSION: Directed and random sonographic biopsies of the prostate are indicated in patients with sonographic findings suggestive of tumor and increased prostate-specific antigen density and in patients with abnormal sonographic findings and normal prostate-specific antigen density. Random biopsies are indicated in patients with normal sonographic findings and increased prostate-specific antigen density. In our series, random biopsies were not indicated in 25 of 26 patients with normal sonographic findings and normal prostate-specific antigen density. Further research on the need for random biopsies when there are no sonographic abnormalities and when prostate-specific antigen densities are not elevated is warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Radical prostatectomy: transrectal sonographic evaluation to assess for local recurrence.

PURPOSE: To determine sonographic features associated with locally recurrent or residual tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three transcretal ultrasound (TRUS) studies were performed in 21 patients with suspected recurrent prostatic carcinoma after prostatectomy. The original prospective TRUS reports were reviewed, followed by blinded review, and the findings were compared with biopsy results. RESULTS: A discrete perianastomotic mass was identified prospectively in eight (73%) of 11 patients with positive biopsy results and in two (17%) of 12 with negative results; no mass was identified in the remaining patients. At preliminary retrospective review, the echogenic retroanastomotic fat plane was not intact in 10 (91%) of 11 patients with positive biopsy results and in two (17%) of 12 with negative results; it was intact in the remaining patients. CONCLUSION: Sonographic visualization of a mass in the prostate bed or loss of integrity of the retroanastomotic fat plane is strongly correlated with finding recurrent or residual tumor in this location. TRUS in evaluation of the source of postoperative evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels warrants further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

CT of uterine cervical myeloma: case report.

Myelomatous involvement of the uterine cervix is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously in the radiologic literature. This report describes the computed tomographic (CT) findings and reviews differential diagnostic considerations.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasound of the scrotum.

High-resolution real time ultrasound of the scrotum, including gray-scale and color Doppler sonography is presented. The normal anatomy of the scrotum with sonographic correlation is reviewed. The sonographic features of scrotal pathology, including congenital, neoplastic, inflammatory, and traumatic conditions are presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Bone imaging in patients with unexpected elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase.

Radionuclide bone imaging frequently is requested to evaluate clinically unexpected persistent elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase. To assess the efficacy of this practice, the authors reviewed bone images obtained for this purpose during a 12-month period and correlated the results with clinical data. One hundred nineteen patients were included in the study. Arthritic changes were the abnormalities most frequently present on the bone images. Several cases of occult bone metastasis, Paget's disease, and trauma were also detected in this group of patients. The authors continue to recommend bone imaging in patients with unexpected elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase; however, further prospective studies with larger and different patient populations are needed to justify this practice in the present era of cost-effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bone scintigraphy in tuberculous sacroiliitis.

Radionuclide bone imaging is becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pain of uncertain cause. A case in which Tc-99m MDP bone imaging was employed to investigate complaints of low back pain is presented. Scan abnormalities directed clinicians towards appropriate further workup and diagnosis of unilateral tuberculous sacroiliitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications of prostate cryosurgery: CT findings in three patients.

We present the computed tomographic (CT) findings of complications of prostate cryosurgery in three patients. One patient had injury to the bladder base and rectum, which resulted in ureteral obstruction and vesicorectal fistula. The other two patients had urethral injuries. All three patients had CT evidence of prostate necrosis. If utilization of prostate cryosurgery increases, complications will be encountered more frequently on imaging studies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of chronic nonpuerperal uterine inversion.

Uterine inversion is an unusual entity; chronic nonpuerperal inversion is rare. In this report we present a case of chronic nonpuerperal uterine inversion that was initially diagnosed as invasive endometrial carcinoma. The CT findings in this case are presented.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate bed after collagen injection.

OBJECTIVE: Transurethral injection of collagen (TCI) may be used to treat urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings after TCI are described in this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TRUS exams of four postprostatectomy patients who had undergone TCI were reviewed. Findings were correlated with pathologic specimens obtained at TRUS-guided core biopsy. These histologic specimens were compared with others from postprostatectomy patients who had not undergone TCI. RESULTS: Well defined bladder apex masses of uniform echogenicity, hypoechoic to adjacent fat and muscle, were identified sonographically in all TCI patients. Masses from which positive biopsies were obtained were similar in appearance to those with no malignancy. Hypocellular fibrous tissue and foci of acellular loose connective tissue were identified in the biopsies of those patients who had undergone TCI. No acellular areas were identified in specimens from patients who had not had TCI. CONCLUSION: Sequelae of TCI should be included in the differential diagnosis of perianastomotic masses in postprostatectomy patients. However, the need for biopsy is not obviated as residual or recurrent prostate carcinoma may coexist.

Aged↗