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Biomedical subjects

C G Prober

Publications and source records attributed to C G Prober.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunologic responses of children to serious infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Antibody responses (as measured by radioimmunoassay), alterations in serum levels of complement, and the presence of circulating immune complexes (as measured by the fluid-phase C1Q-binding assay, the fluid-phase conglutinin assay, and the activation of C1 were evaluated in 15 children after meningitis and/or bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The ages of the children ranged from two months to 16 years; the duration of follow-up ranged from 18 to 189 days (mean, 78 days). Increases in levels of homotypic antibody were found in only three (25%) of the 12 children in whom this response could be assessed, and all of these responses were transient. Eight (53%) of the 15 children had evidence of a heterotypic antibody response to S pneumoniae serotypes other than those causing their infections. The activation of C1 and C1q-binding activity were detected at the early stage of disease and were generally transient. The result of the fluid-phase conglutinin assay was positive for 14 (93%) of the 15 children later in the course of disease; this result was consistently positive throughout the follow-up period in the majority of children. Depressed concentrations of C4 were noted in nine children, depressed levels of C3 in four, and depressed levels of factor B in two.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.

Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) concentrations were measured in 15 patients. At varying times, not exceeding eight hours prior to surgery, each patient received a dose of 5 mg/kg TMP with 25 mg/kg SMZ as a 1 h intravenous infusion. The mean ventricular CSF TMP concentration was 1.1 mg/l with a range of 0.5-3.2 mg/l. The SMZ concentration was 17.9 mg/l with a range of 5-40 mg/l. There was no apparent relationship between achievable CSF concentrations and the time elapsed after drug administration. The CSF concentrations were achieved despite the lack of meningeal inflammation. In 11 of 14 patients, the levels exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1982

Initiation of chloramphenicol therapy in the newborn infant.

To evaluate the ability of a loading dose of chloramphenicol succinate to rapidly, achieve adequate serum concentrations of chloramphenicol, we compared two intravenously administered dosages of chloramphenicol succinate given to initiate treatment. Thirteen premature neonates received an initial dose of 12.5 mg/kg; 26 received a loading dose of 20 mg/kg. Capillary blood samples were obtained at two, four, and 12 hours after the first dose. After the dose of 12.5 mg/kg, 45% of the neonates did not achieve serum concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. After the loading dose of 20 mg/kg, all neonates achieved concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. The peak chloramphenicol concentrations after the 12.5 mg/kg dose was 8.8 +/- 11.2 mg/L (+/- SEM) and after the 20 mg/kg loading dose, 15.9 +/- 0.7 mg/L. The disposition of chloramphenicol was age dependent. Chloramphenicol concentration peaked at four hours in neonates less than or equal to 2 days postnatal age and at two hours in neonates 3 to 55 days postnatal age. Chloramphenicol succinate concentrations were greater in younger than in older neonates at both two and four hours after the dose. We conclude that a loading dose is appropriate when using chloramphenicol succinate in neonates.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Acyclovir therapy of chickenpox in immunosuppressed children--a collaborative study.

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter investigation assessed the usefulness of acyclovir in the treatment of immunosuppressed children with chickenpox. Twelve patients received placebo and eight received acyclovir. If the event of clinical deterioration, patients could be removed from the study to receive acyclovir. Eighteen patients had skin lesions within 96 hours of admission to the study. Nineteen patients had malignancies. The two groups of patients were similar in age, in concomitant or preceding immunosuppressive therapy, in status of malignancy, and in presenting granulocyte and lymphocyte counts. Zoster immune globulin or plasma had been given to 50% of the placebo group but to only 25% of the acyclovir group. One patient in each group had pneumonitis at entry. Of the patients without pneumonitis at entry, five of the 11 placebo patients compared with none of the seven acyclovir patients developed pneumonitis during treatment (P = 0.054). No evidence of toxicity related to acyclovir was observed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Haemophilus influenzae type b in a nursery school: the value of biotyping.

Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b biotype II occurred in a 2-year-old child who attended a nursery school along with 26 other 2-year-old children. Nasal swabs from these 26 contacts revealed a H influenzae type b colonization rate of 50% (13/26); simultaneously performed throat swabs detected a colonization rate of 4% (1/26). Biotyping of the H influenzae type b isolates revealed that only 46% (6/13) were the same biotype as the index case; the remaining seven isolates were biotype III. All children received treatment with 20 mg/kg/day of rifampin administered by the nursery school attendant as a single dose for four days before the results of the cultures were known. Eradication of H influenzae type b carriage was successful in three of the six biotype II carriers and five of the six biotype III carriers available for follow-up culture. It was concluded that: (1) the culture site utilized in determining H influenzae type b colonization rates may markedly influence the results obtained; (2) biotyping may be a valuable epidemiologic tool in investigating the contacts of patients with H influenzae type b disease, and (3) failures of rifampin to eradicate the carriage of H influenzae type b from the nasopharynx may occur. The prudent approach to the management of young contacts of patients with serious H influenzae type b disease is to recognize their high risk status and to maintain close surveillance of them. The role of chemoprophylaxis with rifampin remains to be established.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1981

Eikenella corrodens empyema in children.

Eikenella corrodens is a slow-growing, Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic organism that is normally found among oropharyngeal flora. Its isolation as a pathogen is increasingly being reported. Although well documented in the literature on adults, few cases of E corrodens infection have been reported in children. We describe two children with E corrodens pneumonia and empyema. In one, infection was mixed, but in the other the organism was isolated in pure culture. Both patients recovered after therapy with a combination of an antibiotic active in vitro against the organism, and surgical drainage. The diagnosis, bacteriology, and evidence for potential pathogenicity of the organism are reviewed; E corrodens should be considered as a potential pathogen, especially in predisposed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prevention of transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections in newborn infants.

Transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections occurred in 13.5% of 74 infants of seronegative mothers who were exposed to one or more blood donors who had a CMV indirect hemagglutination titer of 1:8 or higher. None of 90 infants of seronegative mothers exposed only to donors with CMV IHA titers of less than 1:8 became infected. Ten of 41 (24%) infants of seronegative mothers who received more than 50 ml of packed red blood cells and who were exposed to at least one seropositive donor became infected. None of 23 infants of seronegative mothers who received this amount of blood but who were exposed only to seronegative donors became infected. Fatal or serious symptoms developed in 50% of the infected infants of seronegative mothers and in none of the 32 infected infants of seropositive mothers. Acquired CMV infections occurred in 15% of infants of seropositive mothers who were exposed to the red blood cells of seropositive donors and in 17.6% of infants of seropositive mothers exposed only to seronegative donors. Use of seronegative donors reduced the prevalence of excretion of CMV among hospitalized infants who were 4 weeks of age or older from 12.5 to 1.8% and eliminated acquired CMV infections in infants of seronegative mothers.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia and postdiarrheal hemolytic-uremia syndrome (HUS) developed in a 15-month-old boy after he ingested unpasteurized goat's milk. The epidemiology of this organism and the disease states caused by it are discussed with the suggestion that an association between it and some cases of the HUS might be found if sought.

Adolescent↗