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Biomedical subjects

C G Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to C G Jackson.

142 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often the initial treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. NSAID-induced inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and cyclooxygenase-1 appears to correlate with clinical efficacy and toxicity, respectively. Newer NSAIDs with greater COX2 selectivity offer the promise of less toxic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of middle ear hemangiomas.

Hemangioma rarely presents as an isolated middle ear lesion. Because congenital hemangiomas usually regress spontaneously, surgical excision is not always necessary. However, a hemangioma in the middle ear can be complicated by infection and hearing impairment. We present 2 cases to show contrasting management strategies, both with successful outcomes. Two children who presented with unilateral otitis media were found to have concomitant mesotympanic hemangiomas on examination. The first child was asymptomatic and subsequently had an incisional biopsy, confirming the suspected diagnosis. The residual tumor then involuted over the following year. The second child, however, developed chronic otitis media refractory to medical therapy and required surgical removal of the entire hemangioma. Once a tissue diagnosis is made, middle ear hemangiomas can be managed expectantly (ie, wait for spontaneous resolution) or surgically. If growth of a middle ear hemangioma appears to be causing complications refractory to conservative therapy, then early surgical excision may be indicated.

Biopsy↗
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Renal vasodilation in response to coronary artery ligation in the dog.

1. The effects of coronary artery ligation on renal vascular resistance were determined with and without pretreatment with methylprednisolone succinate or atropine in anaesthetized dogs. 2. With coronary artery ligation alone renal blood flow is maintained constant in spite of a reduction in arterial blood pressure, indicating renal vasodilation. 3. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone succinate prevents the fall in arterial blood pressure. 4. After pretreatment with atropine, renal blood flow falls in response to the reduction in arterial blood pressure, suggesting inhibition of cholinergic renal vasodilatation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Labyrinthectomy versus middle fossa vestibular nerve section in Menière's disease. A critical evaluation of relief of vertigo.

Labyrinthectomy has been used for years in the surgical management of Menière's disease for the control of vertigo. The effect of this procedure are predictable and satisfying but residual hearing is sacrificed. With the advent of the middle fossa section of the vestibular nerve, it soon became apparent that it was possible to obtain relief from vertigo and at the same time preserve residual hearing. How do the two procedures actually compare as far as relief of vertigo, postsurgical ataxia, and recovery periods? The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the two procedures in regard to these three parameters. A series of middle fossa operations is compared to one in which the patients received a labyrinthectomy. Results and complications in both groups are covered in detail.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical management of Menière's disease.

The medical management of Menière's disease appears to be a misunderstood and controversial subject. There are those physicians who state that all cases can be controlled by medical means and that surgery is never indicated. Another group of investigators now emphasizes early surgical intervention without a medical trial. These conflicting views have led the authors to review all of their cases of Meniére's disease (almost 1,000) in relation to medical management. The medical regime and its rationale are presented in detail. The results of this therapy are discussed in the context of control of vertigo, relief of tinnitus and pressure, and the stabilization of hearing.

Adult↗
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Management of congenital ear malformations.

In spite of modern diagnostic and surgical techniques, the results of congenital ear malformation surgery are often disappointing. Not only are hearing results less than expected, but also postoperative canal stenosis is a significant problem. This paper reviews the historical development of atresia surgery, the various classification systems, and the management of congenital ear malformations at The Otology Group. The authors' surgical technique is described and the postoperative results of 33 ear operations are discussed. Twenty-two of 33 cases showed some improvement in hearing. Postoperative stenosis occurred in 42% of atresia cases.

Adolescent↗
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Preservation of hearing in acoustic tumor surgery: audiologic indicators.

Preservation of hearing in patients with acoustic nerve tumors can be a goal when tumor size is small and residual hearing is intact. Overall success rates for preservation have been reported to be 20% to 40%. The overall success rate in this series is 30.7%. However, indicators of intact auditory brain stem response (waves I-III-V), good speech discrimination score, and intact acoustic (stapedial) reflex were associated with a 68.2% rate of success. Thus, a comprehensive audiologic evaluation is a guideline for selecting and counselling patients with acoustic tumors before hearing preservation procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myelin and axon degeneration following direct current peripheral nerve stimulation: a prospective controlled experimental study.

A previous study by the authors compared pathologic changes in the mouse sciatic nerve following prolonged continuous stimulation with either pulsed or direct current. The pulsed current stimulator was found as equally effective yet far safer than the direct current (DC) stimulator. In an attempt to reproduce more accurately the clinical setting, the Ear, Nose, and Throat Device Classification Panel of the Food and Drug Administration requested a prospective, controlled study of repeated DC stimulation at one or more sites along a peripheral motor nerve. Again, repetitive DC stimulation both at one site and at multiple sites of the same nerve produced significant myelin and axon degeneration. The authors conclude that even routine use of the DC stimulator carries with it the potential for permanent nerve damage and muscle paralysis.

Animals↗
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Cerebrospinal fluid "leaks" and meningitis following acoustic tumor surgery.

We reviewed 271 intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions removed over the past ten years, 237 by the translabyrinthine or combined approach which created a mastoid defect. The patients were divided into three groups with the following results: (1) obliteration of the mastoid defect combined with older wound closure techniques in the first 188 patients produced CSF leakage in 25% and meningitis in 16% of cases; (2) not obliterating the defect intentionaly in 16 patients produced CSF leakage in 50% and meningitis in 25% of cases; (3) obliteration of the defect combined with newer packing and closure techniques in the last 33 patients produced CSF leakage and meningitis in only 6% of cases. Four problem areas were identified: the eustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid defect, and postauricular wound. Of these, obliteration of the mastoid defect was most important in minimizing postoperative CSF wound leakage, CSF rhinorrhea, and meningitis.

Aged↗