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Biomedical subjects

C G Hames

Publications and source records attributed to C G Hames.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Risk of stroke in asymptomatic persons with cervical arterial bruits: a population study in Evans County, Georgia.

A survey of the rural community in Evans County, Georgia, revealed cervical arterial bruits in 72 (4.4 per cent) of 1620 persons 45 years of age of older without previous stroke, transient ischemic attacks, or overt ischemic heart disease. The prevalence of such asymptomatic bruits increased with age and was greater in women and persons with hypertension. We estimated the risk of stroke associated with cervical bruits during a six-year follow-up period, taking age and blood pressure into account. The presence of asymptomatic bruits was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke in men but not in women, with odds ratios of 7.5 and 1.6, respectively. Despite the high risk of stroke among men with bruits, the correlation between the location of the bruits and the type of subsequent stroke was poor. Moreover, cervical bruits in men were a risk factor for death from ischemic heart disease. We suggest that asymptomatic cervical bruits are an indication of systemic vascular disease and do not themselves justify invasive diagnostic procedures or surgical correction of underlying extracranial arterial lesions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Logistic model estimation of death attributable to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Evans County, Georgia.

Linear logistic analysis of the relationship of cardiovascular disease risk factors to an overall measure of health effect, ten-year mortality, revealed significant associations of death with systolic blood pressure, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, cholesterol, obesity (Quetelet index), race and social index. Attributable risk and population attributable risk estimates were derived from the model by changing actual variable values to target values. The results confirmed systolic hypertension and smoking as major public health problems and diabetes mellitus as a powerful risk factor for death. The small detrimental effect of cholesterol on probability of death limits the potential for an overall beneficial effect of preventive intervention. In fact, drug intervention in two reported trials of cholesterol reduction had negative overall effects. Demonstration of the association of a characteristic with a specific disease state does not alone justify attempts to eliminate the high risk state from a population. An overall detrimental health effect must be documented by suitable studies before trials of preventive intervention are undertaken or recommendations made to the public.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Dietary effects on blood pressure.

Low density potassium intake, particularly among black hypertensive patients, appears to contribute significantly to this disease and its major sequellae. The high sodium intake of industrialized societies and the epidemic prevalence of hypertension must be considered in the light of a relatively greater urinary potassium excretion as compared to a low-sodium diet with a lower urinary potassium excretion. There is no reason to assume that weight reduction per se is the major contributor to lowering of elevated blood pressure levels although claims to this effect have been made. In general, a high-caloric diet is loaded with sodium while a low-energy diet has a drastically reduced sodium content. The hypothesis that a higher dietary linoleic acid intake via increased prostaglandin synthesis may lead to natriuresis and a drop in blood pressure levels is an interesting development which needs more testing.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1980

Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and C-II in black and white residents of Evans County.

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoprotein-cholesterol and three major apolipoproteins (ApoA-I, A-II and C-II) were studied in 318 black and white males and females randomly sampled in Evans County, Georgia. Black-white differences in lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were observed, with low-density fractions higher in whites and high-density fractions higher in blacks. Plasma levels of ApoA-I but not ApoA-II were higher in blacks than in whites and in females than in males. ApoC-II concentrations were lower in black than in white men and women. Black-white differences in atherogenic lipoprotein fractions were statistically explained (in the sense of association, not necessarily of causal process) by the differences in ApoC-II concentrations between the race groups. Black-white differences in anti etherogenic high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were greater than statistically predicted by differences in ApoA lipoprotein levels. The findings are indicative of black-white differences in lipoprotein composition.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1980

Relationships between selenium and other parameters in drinking water and blood of subjects from high and low cardiovascular disease rate areas of Georgia.

Plasma, erythrocyte and home tap water samples were taken from life-long residents of two counties (Evans-rural and Chatham-urban) in the high cardiovascular disease (CVD) belt of southeastern Georgia and from Habersham County, a rural county of North Georgia which is outside of the CVD belt. One-half of the subjects from each cohort had a serious CVD problem and the remaining half were healthy controls. Water samples were analyzed for hardness, total dissolved solids, pH and selenium (Se) content. Blood samples were analyzed for Se (by neutron activation analysis) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). Se levels in all water samples were less than 0.01 ppb. Water hardness and total dissolved solids levels were higher in the CVD belt counties. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.05), but water hardness and total dissolved solid levels were inversely correlated (p greater than 0.01) with the activity of erythrocyte GSHPx, a selenium containing enzyme which detoxifies oxidized fats.

Adult↗