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Biomedical subjects

C G Couto

Publications and source records attributed to C G Couto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Neutrophil adherence, phagocytic-nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and chemiluminescence in canine whole blood.

Methods for measuring neutrophil adherence, phagocytic-nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity and chemiluminescence were applied to canine whole blood as means for routine assessment of neutrophil functions. The phagocytic-NBT reduction test appeared to be useful for monitoring the NBT reducing activity of phagocytic cells associated with phagocytic functions. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid suppressed both the adherence and the phagocytic-NBT reducing activity of neutrophils. Increased phagocytic-NBT reduction and an enhanced chemiluminescence response were observed in dogs with neutrophilia. These methods provide a rapid and practical screening procedure for measuring selected phagocytic functions in canine whole blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of selected variables in the under-agarose assay for chemotactic responses of canine neutrophils.

Chemotaxis under agarose was evaluated to establish an assay system and to characterize chemotactic responses of canine neutrophils. A method for the measurement of canine neutrophil chemotaxis was established, with optimal responses obtained with agarose containing 10% pooled canine serum, a concentration of 5 x 10(5) cells/well, zymosan-activated serum (ZAS), or autologous serum or plasma as the chemoattractants, and a 120-minute incubation period. Canine neutrophils responded well to ZAS, heat-inactivated ZAS, autologous serum and plasma, and heat-inactivated pooled serum. Chemotactic activity was proportional to the concentration of serum used as the chemoattractant. Mean (+/- SD) random migration, chemotaxis, chemotactic index, and chemotactic differential of neutrophils from 9 healthy Greyhounds were 1.09 (+/- 0.23), 1.95 (+/- 0.38), 1.82 (+/- 0.31), and 0.86 (+/- 0.32) mm, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Adjuvant chemotherapy for sarcomas and carcinomas.

The use of adjuvant chemotherapy appears to offer many advantages to the patient with cancer. However, objective information is difficult to compile. Clinical trials all too often have only a small number of patients. In order to best demonstrate the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy, many of the cases discussed here had bulky disease. Based on the known principles of chemotherapy, animals with minimal residual disease following surgery would most likely benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. By using the principles discussed at the beginning of this article and information from clinical trials, veterinarians will better be able to inform clients of possible benefits and risks in treating their pets with chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Management of complications of cancer chemotherapy.

Although the use of anticancer agents can be associated with severe side effects, on a practical basis complications of therapy are minimal to nonexistent. The clinician usually learns to feel more comfortable with these drugs as he or she treats more patients, to the point where treating a cancer patient with chemotherapy will become routine practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro immunologic features of Weimaraner dogs with neutrophil abnormalities and recurrent infections.

In vitro evaluation of cellular and humoral immunity in Weimaraner dogs with recurrent infections and abnormal neutrophil function revealed significantly lower serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M concentrations than control dogs. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to three different mitogens, interleukin-1 and -2 production, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and in vitro IgG and IgM production were similar to those of control dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in three dogs.

The clinical course and hematologic changes of three dogs with lymphocytosis of cells morphologically resembling large granular lymphocytes are presented. Hemograms from all dogs showed leukocytosis with marked lymphocytosis. Lymphocytes were characterized by abundant basophilic cytoplasm containing distinct granules which varied in size and number. Electron microscopically the granules were membrane-bound with an electron-dense core. Lymphocytes from one dog were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, and lymphocytes from another dog were positive for alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase activity. Lymphocytes from one dog were positive for surface receptors for the crystalline fraction portion of gamma immunoglobulins.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cisplatin for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs.

Thirteen dogs with tumors were treated with monthly infusions of cisplatin. Complete responses were not observed. Of 8 dogs with urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas, 1 (12.5%) had a partial response of 31 weeks' duration, and 4 (50%) had stable disease for 12, 30, 32, and 34 weeks. Three (60%) of 5 dogs with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas had partial responses for 2, 10, and 15 weeks. All 13 dogs were evaluated for signs of toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded for 7 dogs (54%), and 2 dogs (15%) had mild thrombocytopenia. Although renal function gradually decreased in 2 dogs (15%), none of the dogs had an episode of acute renal failure attributable to cisplatin. These findings suggest that cisplatin may be a safe and potentially effective agent for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of hemangiopericytoma in a dog, using surgical excision, radiation, and a thoracic pedicle skin graft.

A dog with hemangiopericytoma of the left forelimb underwent surgical excision followed by radiation therapy and thoracic pedicle skin grafting. Recurrence of the neoplasm was not observed 3.5 years after surgery. Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has a high recurrence rate. In this dog, complete surgical excision was not possible because of the location and invasiveness of the neoplasm. The combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and skin grafting was a viable alternative to limb amputation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of cisplatin for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs.

Nineteen dogs were treated for osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Eleven dogs treated by amputation and adjunctive cisplatin chemotherapy had a significantly longer (P less than 0.003) median survival time of 43 weeks (range, 20 to 108 weeks) than did 8 dogs whose median survival time was 14.5 weeks (range, 8 to 46 weeks) after amputation alone. All 11 dogs given cisplatin were evaluated for signs of drug toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded in 9 of 11 dogs. Additional toxic effects included gradual decreases in endogenous creatinine clearance in 3 dogs and thrombocytopenia in 1 dog. On the basis of prolonged survival times and minimal adverse effects, we concluded that cisplatin has promise as an effective and relatively nontoxic agent, when combined with amputation, for treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Coagulation abnormalities associated with neoplasia.

Subclinical abnormalities in hemostasis occur commonly in small animal patients with cancer, but the incidence of clinical thrombosis or hemorrhage is unknown. Malignancy can lead to abnormalities in both primary and secondary hemostasis, which in turn can lead to either thrombotic or hemorrhagic tendencies. These coagulation abnormalities can be associated with the tumor itself, with anticancer chemotherapy, or with secondary organ dysfunction. Thrombocytopenia and DIC are probably the most common defects associated with clinical bleeding in small animal patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Atypical portosystemic shunt in a cat.

An adult cat with vague signs of gastrointestinal dysfunction was found to have a congenital portosystemic shunt. There were no signs of hepatoencephalopathy, which is in contrast to what has been reported in other cats with the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinicopathologic aspects of acute leukemias in the dog.

Nineteen cases of canine acute leukemia were diagnosed during a 4-year period. Two main categories were identified on the basis of cytologic, hematologic, and clinical features: acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia. Clinical features included history of weight loss, anorexia, shifting limb lameness, and incoordination. Physical findings were characterized by hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, mild generalized lymphadenopathy, and pallor. Ocular lesions were found in 29% of dogs with acute myelogenous leukemia. Hematologic abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, leukemia, and leukoerythroblastic reactions. Results of therapy were discouraging.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog.

Central nervous system lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in 8 dogs with seizures and clinical signs compatible with multifocal central nervous system involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed high white cell counts with abnormal lymphoid cells in all dogs, and high protein concentration in 5 dogs. Two dogs were given systemic anticancer chemotherapy, and 4 dogs were given a combination of systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal cytosine arabinoside, and craniospinal irradiation, resulting in marked improvement of the clinical signs.

Animals↗