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C Friedrich

Publications and source records attributed to C Friedrich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Refinement of clinicopathologic staging for localized soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity: a study of 423 adults.

PURPOSE: The prognostic value of factors used in clinicopathologic staging of localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity were analyzed comprehensively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred twenty-three patients with STS that was confined to the extremity were admitted to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1968 to 1978. Cox models for the hazards rates of tumor mortality, development of a distant metastasis, strictly local recurrence, and postmetastasis survival were developed. Tests of changes in the prognostic value of the important variables over time were performed, as well as an analysis of the effect of a local recurrence on the hazard rate of distant metastasis. RESULTS: Three unfavorable characteristics contained independent prognostic value for the rates of distant metastasis and tumor mortality: high grade (P less than .00001), deep location (P less than .0002), and size greater than or equal to 5 cm (P less than .007). Their Cox model coefficients did not differ significantly (P greater than or equal to .65); thus, a staging scheme based on the risk of ever developing a distant metastasis would assign equal prognostic weights to grade, depth, and size. The tumor grade effect during the initial 18 months was much larger in magnitude than those for depth and size, and its effect disappeared beyond that time (P = .0003). Thus, a staging scheme based on the risk of early metastatic spread would assign a distinctly larger prognostic weight to grade and lesser but equal weights to depth and size. There was no local recurrence effect on the rate of distant metastasis in the high-risk group (high grade, deep, and greater than or equal to 5 cm; P = .75), but there was a significant association among the remaining groups combined (P = .0039). The magnitude of this association actually increased according to the number of favorable characteristics presented (P = .0024). CONCLUSIONS: The refinement of clinicopathologic staging may depend on the choice of outcome variable: ultimate prognosis versus early metastatic spread. Additionally, the observed local recurrence effect may be explained by a tendency for some patients to acquire one or more unfavorable risk factors at the time of local recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The development of pharmaceutical analysis at German universities in the 19th and 20th century].

The aim of this paper is to trace some features of the historical development of drug analysis as an academic discipline in its relation to the emergence of pharmaceutical science. In the first half of the nineteenth century pharmacists identified and characterized minerals, plants and drugs. K.F. Mohr played a decisive part in the founding of the new discipline drug analysis. The development described here, which began in Marburg, Breslau and Königsberg and was extended to other places, led to the evolution of drug analysis. The establishing of independent departments, for instance in the former G.D.R., played a decisive role in developing the discipline drug analysis.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1992

[The influence of pharmacists on the development of pharmacy and chemistry as diciplines].

The aim of this article is to trace some features of the historical development of chemistry as an academic discipline in its relation to the emergence of pharmaceutical science. Franz Joel (1508-1579) was one of the first pharmacists whose work became very important for development of chemistry since the 17th century lectures in materia medica and in iatro-chemistry were frequent realized in university pharmacy. In the 18th century pharmacists were in some cases the precursors to professors of chemistry. In the paper there is also given a summary of the importance for the development of chemistry of J. B. Trommsdorff, S. F. Hermbstaedt, A. P. J. Du Menil and L. F. Bley.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1991

A prospective randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with bolus versus continuous infusion of doxorubicin in patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma and an analysis of prognostic factors.

A prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the cardiotoxic and therapeutic effects of doxorubicin (60 mg/m2 every 3 to 4 weeks) administered by bolus or 72-hour continuous infusion as adjuvant chemotherapy in 82 eligible patients after resection of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity or superficial trunk. Cardiac toxicity, defined as a 10% or greater decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction as assessed by radionuclide cineangiography, was evaluated in 69 patients. Cardiotoxicity was seen in 61% of patients in the bolus treatment arm with the median doxorubicin dose of 420 mg/m2. Among patients who received continuous infusion, 42% had cardiotoxicity with a median dose of 540 mg/m2. The rate of cardiotoxicity as a function of the cumulative dose of doxorubicin was significantly higher in the bolus treatment arm (P = 0.0017). Two patients in each group had clinical congestive heart failure, with one cardiac death occurring in each. There was a trend toward a lower rate of metastasis (P = 0.19) and a significantly lower rate of death of disease (P = 0.036) for patients treated with the bolus dose. Cox model analysis identified three unfavorable characteristics for the rate of developing a distant metastasis: blood transfusion within 24 hours of operation (P less than 0.00001), tumor deep to the fascia and 5 cm or more in size (P = 0.0043), and a histologic subtype other than liposarcoma (P = 0.0002). The unfavorable effect of continuous infusion was not selected in the model (P = 0.16). Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma is investigational. Furthermore, the impact of perioperative blood transfusion merits further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Temperature-dependent spot positional variability in two-dimensional polypeptide patterns.

The effect of temperature, at which isoelectric focusing with immobilized pH gradients is performed, on spot positions and pattern quality in two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis was examined. Increased temperatures revealed improved 2-D patterns with respect to sample entry, resolution, and background staining. Focusing at 20 degrees C was superior to focusing at 10 and 15 degrees C. Even at 30 degrees C, a pattern of well-resolved polypeptide spots with a minimum amount of horizontal streaking at the basic end was observed. A computer-based analysis showed that a substantial proportion of polypeptides assumed altered positions in the 2-D pattern in relation to temperature. Mobility shifts of polypeptides were more variable on the neutral part than on the acidic or basic end. The mobility shifts were not restricted to one direction for all the spots whose migration was altered. However, for any given spot, the direction was the same with subsequent increments of temperature. The results clearly demonstrate that a defined temperature for first-dimensional isoelectric focusing is a requirement for the reproducibility of 2-D electrophoresis. After elimination of the cathodic drift, a major source of variability in 2-D patterns, associated with carrier ampholytes, temperature control becomes a critical parameter.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
PubMed1990

Stoichiometric and reversible phosphorylation of a 46-kDa protein in human platelets in response to cGMP- and cAMP-elevating vasodilators.

Recently, we reported the purification of a 46-kDa membrane-associated platelet protein which is phosphorylated in intact platelets and platelet membranes by cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (Halbrügge, M., and Walter, U. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 185, 41-50). Here we demonstrate that both cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases catalyze the rapid incorporation of up to 1.4 mol of phosphate/mol of this purified vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). A specific rabbit antiserum was prepared which recognized both the 46-kDa dephospho form and the 50-kDa phospho form of VASP in Western blots. In untreated washed platelets, VASP was found to be present primarily as a 46-kDa dephosphoprotein. Sodium nitroprusside (100 microM) raised the intracellular platelet cGMP concentration from approximately 0.44 to 4.1 microM, without a significant effect on the cAMP level, and converted up to 50% of VASP to the 50-kDa phospho form. Prostaglandin E1 (10 microM) raised the platelet cAMP concentration from approximately 4.4 to 28.4 microM, without a significant effect on the cGMP level, and shifted up to 67% of VASP to the 50-kDa phospho form. Removal of the vasodilators sodium nitroprusside and prostaglandin E1 from the platelet suspension was followed by a return of the cyclic nucleotide concentration to basal levels and subsequent conversion of the 50-kDa phospho form of VASP to the 46-kDa dephospho form. The results support the hypothesis that VASP phosphorylation is an important component of the intracellular mechanism of action of these vasodilators in human platelets.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

[Research schools in pharmacy. 6. Gunther Wagner and his students].

The aim of this article is to trace the historical development of Günther Wagner and his research school. Wagner is an idealy teacher. The scientific programme is represented by 2 books, 502 papers and 54 dissertations. It has some main roots: synthesis of potential active substances and pharmaceutical analytic. Wagner had 991 students (pharmacists), 45 made their doctor graduate under Wagner and 6 are becoming professor. The research conditions in Leipzig were good and the research school of Wagner has an important public and social recognition in the GDR and in other countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Research schools in pharmacy. 5: Alexander Tschirch (1856-1939) and his students].

Alexander Tschirch was one of the most important teachers of pharmacy. In 1890 he was appointed Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy at Bern and he was a good director of his institute. The scientific programme is represented by 21 books, 388 papers and 158 dissertations. The main topics were investigations of plants (phytochemical) and researchs for pharmacopoeias. Tschirch had 2300 Students, 158 made their doctor-graduate and 11 are becoming professor. The research conditions in the pharmaceutical institute Bern were good and the research school of Tschirch has an important public and social recognition, also Tschirchs work provided the bases of the modern phytochemical research of plants.

History of Pharmacy↗
PubMed1990

[The development of pharmacy in German universities in the 19th century].

This article analyses the development of pharmacy as an academic discipline in Greifswald, Göttingen, Ingolstadt-Landshut-München, Breslau and Marburg. The research shows that the establishing of independent institutes of pharmacy under competent leadership (for instance Ernst Schmidt in Marburg) played a decisive role in developing the discipline pharmacy.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1989

[Research schools of pharmacy. 4. Heinrich A. Beckurts (1855-1929) and his students. The history of pharmaceutical science: 37].

In 1886 Heinrich A. Beckurts was appointed Professor of pharmaceutical Chemistry at Braunschweig. He was one of the most important teachers of pharmacy there and a good director of his institute. The scientific programme is represented by 146 papers an 52 dissertations; main roots were research of plants (phytochemical) and researchs for pharmacopoeias. Beckurts had 2000 students, 52 made their doctor-graduate under Beckurts and five are becoming professor. The research conditions in the pharmaceutical Institute Braunschweig were good and the research school of Bekkurts has an important public and social recognition, also Beckurts work provided the basis of the modern study for pharmacy.

Germany↗