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Biomedical subjects

C Fowler

Publications and source records attributed to C Fowler.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Perforated diverticulitis in a Hartmann rectal pouch.

The Hartmann procedure is the surgical treatment of choice for perforated diverticulitis. Modifications leaving a long rectal pouch or mucous fistula and a variable length of bowel that contains inactive diverticula have been described. A steroid-dependent patient presented with perforated diverticulitis in residual disease in the Hartmann rectal pouch ten months after initial sigmoid resection for a perforated diverticulum. Because steroid-treated patients are at high risk for complications and recurrent disease, all diseased bowel should be resected during the initial procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a new antiseptic dressing in minor burns.

A prospective trial was conducted to compare a new povidone iodine impregnated dressing (Inadine) with a standard petroleum jelly gauze dressing for small superficial burns treated on an outpatient basis. The results show no difference between comfort and ease of removal of dressings, in the number of positive bacteriological cultures or the number of days to healing. Inadine is more than twice as expensive as petroleum jelly gauze.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Urethro-vesical dysfunction in progressive autonomic failure with multiple system atrophy.

Fourteen patients with progressive autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. Three fundamental abnormalities of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to bladder filling. It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a voluntary micturition reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound urethral dysfunction. This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes bladder neck incompetence. In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in degenerative diseases of the nervous system.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1983

Non-obstructive detrusor failure. A urodynamic, electromyographic, neurohistochemical and autonomic study.

Twenty-eight patients presenting with persistent loss of the voiding reflex have been evaluated. Those with cauda equina lesions or pelvic nerve injury were distinguished from a group with idiopathic detrusor failure by their abnormal urethral behaviour during filling, and by urethral sphincter electromyography (EMG). Bladder muscle biopsies revealed the presence of presumptive cholinergic fibres in all three groups, indistinguishable in quantity and distribution from normal controls. The implications of these findings for the diagnosis and management of these patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Histologic probe position in treated and untreated human periodontal tissues.

This study was designed to histologically determine the relationship of the periodontal probe tip to the periodontal tissues during probing of untreated periodontal pockets and periodontal pockets treated with oral hygiene and root planing. Human, condemned, single rooted teeth with buccal probing pocket depth at least 6 mm were used. Two groups of specimens were included: 12 untreated teeth from six patients and 15 treated teeth from 10 patients. In the treated group, the effects of therapy were monitored clinically every 2 weeks until maximum improvement had taken place. A periodontal probe tip was then inserted on the buccal aspect of the tooth using 0.50 N pressure, and block section biopsies were taken. The histologic examination of the untreated teeth showed that the probe tip penetrated beyond the apical termination of the junctional epithelium and into the subjacent connective tissue by a mean of 0.45 +/- 0.34 mm, whereas in the treated specimens the probe stopped coronally to this landmark by a mean of 0.73 +/- 0.80 mm. This study demonstrated that the probe tip most often does not reach the base of the junctional epithelium in pockets treated by plaque control and root planing, and that clinical measurements of attachment levels are not reliable in determining the true histologic level of connective tissue attachment.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1980

Tuning curves of cochlear and brainstem responses in the guinea pig.

A tone-on-tone masking paradigm was used to determine tuning curves of cochlear and brainstem responses in the guinea pig. The tuning curves are considered to be a measure of the frequency specificity of these potentials. Calculated Q10 values are used in an indicator of the sharpness of tuning of these potentials. The tuning curves of cochlear and brainstem responses were found to be similar with both showing considerable frequency specificity.

Animals↗