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Biomedical subjects

C Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to C Fournier.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical, flowmetric and radiologic study of the thoracic outlet in 95 healthy subjects: physiologic limitations and practical impact].

Ninety-five healthy subjects have been examined regarding the presence of symptomatic compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels (Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: TOS). Each subject was examined clinically and by Doppler flowmetry during performance of Adson, hyperabduction and abduction-external-rotation manoeuvres. In all subjects Roos test and X-ray examinations of the cervical spine and thoracic aperture were performed. The response was considered positive when the radial pulse disappeared for the clinical test, and when the flow was totally arrested for the Doppler flowmetry. Adson's manoeuvre showed a 1% clinical positive response and a 0% doppler positive response. Hyperabduction at 45 degrees showed a 0% positive response both clinically and by Doppler flowmetry; at 90 degrees, it showed positive response of 6% and 1% respectively, and at 180 degrees it showed positive responses of 40% and 11%. Abduction-external-rotation manoeuvres showed 14% clinical and 7% Doppler positive responses. The Roos test was positive for 8% of the subjects and X-ray was abnormal for 13% of the subjects. We conclude that: Doppler flowmetry is useful for the TOS diagnosis only when the clinical evaluation is abnormal. Total arrest of flow is sometimes temporary; arterial flow must be examined at least 20 seconds. Total arrest of flow is never seen during Adson manoeuvre or hyperabduction at 45 degrees or 90 degrees in healthy subjects. Clinical or Doppler perturbation is not significantly higher for healthy subjects presenting an X-ray abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of synovial cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 production by combined action of cytokines.

To study the causes of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we have analyzed the effect of several cytokines known to be secreted in RA joints, on synovial cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Recombinant interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated moderately the DNA synthesis and markedly the production of PGE2. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was often mitogenic but never induced PGE2 secretion. The association of IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha showed an additive effect on both parameters, whereas addition of IFN-gamma to either monokine reduced the proliferation and increased PGE2 release. Incubation with a crude T cell supernatant or a mixture of cytokines including IL-1-beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma enhanced synovial cell growth and PGE2 production as compared to the effect elicited by each single cytokine. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2) down regulated the synovial cell activation induced by the combined action of the three other cytokines. Taken together, our findings indicate that synovial cell proliferation is weakly stimulated, reaching a two-fold increase over background levels, whatever cytokines are used. Furthermore, proliferation can vary independently of PGE2 production. Nevertheless, the monokines IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha both exert agonistic effects on synovial cell activation, thus contributing to cartilage damage in RA, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-6 or IL-2 may rather play a regulatory role.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increased autorosette levels with aging].

The autorosette levels studied in human peripheral blood of 115 normal subjects are shown to be higher in women than in men and to increase along with the age in both sexes. These autorosettes could belong to immature T-cells as they stick to nylon wool and they decreased after E-rosette depletion. The T-cell origin of autorosettes is confirmed by the existence of mixed rosettes using autologous erythrocytes and sheep red blood cells.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo sustained release of cisplatin from bioresorbable implants in mice.

Two kinds of cisplatin-containing implants were prepared from polylactic acid (type I) and from lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (type II). Type I implants were almost unaffected when inserted in the renal parenchyma of mice. In contrast, type II implants evolved clearly after in vivo implantation. X-ray pictures and platinum concentration measurements showed a continuous release of platinum over at least three weeks. The release resulted in high platinum concentrations in the kidney tissues and low plasma concentrations, compared to systemic injection. Type II implants seem adequate for further clinical trials of local treatment by cisplatin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uptake enhancement of platinum in the dog kidney by microencapsulation of cisplatin and local injection.

Microcapsules containing cisplatin were administered into the renal artery of mongrel dogs. Significant increase of the platinum tissue concentration in the kidney was observed 17 days after administration compared to injection of cisplatin only. The highest drug tissue levels were obtained when the renal artery was ligated after microcapsule injection. In addition the decrease in plasma levels indicated that microencapsulation causes, at least, a 100-fold enhancement of the ratio: exposure of infused tissue to the drug over total body exposure. On the contrary, no major change in drug urine excretion could be related to microencapsulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential measurement of intratumoral platinum concentration in cervix uterine tumors after cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) administration.

Intratumoral (cervix uterine tumors) distribution of platinum was studied in ten patients after IV administration of CDDP. Sequential tumoral measurement of platinum was carried out 4, 24, and 48 h after the IV infusion. Platinum concentration in the tumor samples ranged from 0 to 29,5 ng/mg tissue. For all patients, there was no definite evolution of the tumoral concentration with time and there was no good relation for the same patient between the platinum concentration in three successive biopsies. These results involve uncertainty in studies attempting to relate CDDP tumor levels (measured in one biopsy) and tumor response to chemotherapy.

Cisplatin↗