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Biomedical subjects

C Foster

Publications and source records attributed to C Foster.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of preexercise feedings on endurance performance.

Eight male and female students were studied during exercise to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer at 80 and 100% of Vo2max following the ingestion of water (W), 75 g of glucose (G) or a liquid meal (M) (10 g protein, 12.5 g fat, 15 g CHO). When compared to the endurance ride (80% Vo2max) in the W treatment, endurance performance time was reduced by 19%, (p less than .05) (53.2 to 43.2 min) as a result of the preexercise glucose feeding (Trial G). No difference in performance at 80% Vo2max was found between the W and M trials. The preexercise feedings had no effect on exercise time to exhaustion at 100% Vo2max. During the G and M trials at 80% Vo2max, most of the subjects demonstrated a transient decline in serum glucose (less than 3.5 mM). After 30-40 min. of exercise, however, serum glucose returned to normal and was seldom low at the time of exhaustion. Serum free fatty acids (FFA) were depressed throughout the G trial. The results of these experiments indicate impaired lipid mobilization following CHO ingestion. The present data support our earlier findings (11) which demonstrate that glucose feedings 30-45 minutes before endurance exercise increase the rate of CHO oxidation and impede the mobilization of FFA, thereby reducing exercise time to exhaustion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Skeletal muscle enzyme activity, fiber composition and VO2 max in relation to distance running performance.

Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 26 well-trained runners of widely varying ability. Portions of the sample were analyzed for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and for muscle fiber composition. VO2 max was determined during uphill treadmill running. Mean values for muscle SDH activity (14.6 U/g), fiber composition (55% slow twitch) and VO2 max (60.9 ml/kg x min(-1)) were lower than reported previously for groups of elite and sub-elite runners. The physiological data were consistent with the performance ability of the sample [5 : 12,11 : 20 and 36 : 40 (min :s) for 1, 2 and 6 miles, respectively]. Within the sample, performance was most strongly related to VO2 max (r=-0.84,-0.87 and -0.88 for 1, 2, and 6 miles). There was little relationship between muscle SDH activity and either performance (r=-0.11, -0.14, -0.20 for 1,2, and 6 miles) or VO2 max (r=0.23). The relationship between muscle fiber composition and performance was only modestly strong (r=-0.52,-0.54, -0.55 for 1,2, and 6 miles). The results indicate that the primary determinant of cross-sectional differences in running performance is VO2 max. Skeletal muscle metabolism apparently contributes little to these cross-sectional differences and may be of much greater importance to variations in performance within an individual.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Sequence of return of neurological function and criteria for safe ambulation following subarachnoid block (spinal anaesthetic).

Twenty-three adult men were studied during and after subarachnoid block anaesthesia for elective surgery. Measurements were obtained of mean arterial pressure and pulse, both supine and after standing for five minutes, core body (tympanic) and peripheral skin (toe) temperatures and blood flow in the leg. Time of measurements included one hour after the injection of tetracaine and after regression of the block. Results obtained indicate that the sequence of return of neurological activity following tetracaine subarachnoid block is sympathetic nervous system activity, pinprick sensation, somatic motor function followed by proprioception in the feet. This progression provides the basis for recommended criteria which indicate when it is safe for patients who have been subarachnoid block anaesthesia to become ambulatory. These criteria include: (1) return of pinprick sensation in the peri-anal area (sacral 4--5); (2) plantar flexion of the foot (while supine) at pre-anaesthetic levels of strength; and (3) return of proprioception in the big toe, always provided that the patient is not hypovolaemic or sedated.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of post-anaesthesia shivering.

This study involves ventilation of the lungs with warmed humidifed anaesthetic gases during prolonged elective abdominal operations. Tympanic, oesophageal and toe temperatures were compared bewteen twenty warmed and twenty un-warmed patients at various times during operation and recovery. Fifty per cent (10/20) unwarmed patients shivered in the recovery room, while none of the warmed patients shivered. Our data indicate that pulmonary ventilation with warm humidified anaesthetic gases provides heat transfer by the lungs, preventing hypothermia during operation and post -anaesthesia shivering is prevented by maintaining the patient normothermic in both the operating room and the recovery room.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with microalbuminuria independently of ambulatory blood pressure.

Microalbuminuria in both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a marker for insulin resistance. Microalbuminuria is also associated with hypertension, itself an insulin-resistant state. Therefore, in order to examine the independent relationships of microalbuminuria with blood pressure and insulin resistance, we measured ambulatory blood pressure (Takeda TM-2420), insulin resistance (modified Harano method), and urinary albumin excretion rate (overnight urine collection) in 36 subjects with NIDDM. Albumin excretion correlated with 24-h systolic blood pressure (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.39, p = 0.007). Microalbuminuric subjects had reduced insulin sensitivity compared with normoalbuminuric subjects [Mean (SD) 2.95 (0.33) versus 4.67 (0.56) ml.kg-1.min-1; p = 0.013]. In multivariate analysis including ambulatory blood pressure and insulin resistance, urinary albumin excretion was associated primarily with insulin resistance, with smaller contributions from glycated hemoglobin and male gender. These data suggest that microalbuminuria in NIDDM, although associated with hypertension, is also independently associated with insulin resistance.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency management of carotid artery rupture.

Rupture of the carotid artery has been one of the most feared postoperative complications in head and neck cancer patients. Traditional management of carotid artery rupture has been disappointing, and morbidity and mortality have been high. Experience with carotid artery rupture at the authors' institution over the past 20 years has been reviewed. The current method of management seems to result in a decreased number of neurologic sequelae and episodes of rebleeding. Of the last 23 carotid ruptures encountered, four occurred while the patient was at home. Two patients had neurologic complications, and there were two deaths. Only one episode of rebleeding occurred. All patients except one were discharged from the hospital. These patients were managed according to an established protocol, and the results of the authors' experience are reported and analyzed. Preoperative preparation prior to ligation is explained, and prognostic indicators and risk factors are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of gloves on grip strength and three-point pinch.

No-glove, leather-glove, nitrile-glove, and vinyl-glove conditions were evaluated to determine their effects on grip strength and three-point pinch. Forty-one adult volunteers from a local university and local hospital participated in the two-day study. The order of testing was randomly assigned. A hydraulic hand dynamometer and a hydraulic pinch gauge were used to evaluate grip strength and three-point pinch with no glove and with each glove type. Grip strength and three-point pinch were tested on separate days. Grip strength test results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for no glove vs. leather glove, no glove vs. nitrile glove, no glove vs. vinyl glove, leather glove vs. nitrile glove, and leather glove vs. vinyl glove, but no statistically significant difference for nitrile glove vs. vinyl glove. Three-point pinch test results also showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for no glove vs. leather glove, leather glove vs. nitrile glove, and leather glove vs. vinyl glove, but no statistically significant differences for no glove vs. nitrile glove, no glove vs. vinyl glove, and nitrile glove vs. vinyl glove. The results indicate that glove type may have clinical applications for occupational and physical therapists whose patients use gloves in the workplace.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-pass radionuclide angiography during bicycle and treadmill exercise.

BACKGROUND: Treadmill testing is usually preferred over cycle ergometry because of the greater sensitivity in diagnosing coronary artery disease. Treadmill testing has only recently been used with radionuclide angiography (RNA) because patient motion makes RNA imaging difficult. In this study we evaluate the comparability of treadmill and cycle exercise RNA with a dual isotope motion correction technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: Volunteer patients (n = 27) performed first-pass RNA during maximal exercise using both cycle ergometer and treadmill. Exercise capacity was greater during treadmill exercise (8.1 +/- 2.4 vs 7.5 +/- 2.2 METs). Twenty-three of 27 treadmill and all cycle ergometer exercise studies were technically adequate. Maximal heart rate was greater during treadmill exercise (150 +/- 24 vs 143 +/- 25 beats * min-l), however, systolic blood pressure was greater during cycle ergometry (174 +/- 23 vs 188 +/- 25 mmHg), resulting in no difference in heart rate times systolic blood pressure (25.7 +/- 7.2 vs 26.9 +/- 6.0). There were no differences between treadmill and cycle ergometer for peak exercise left ventricular ejection fraction (56% +/- 13% vs 57% +/- 14%) (r = 0.89). Calculated left ventricular end-diastolic volume was not different at rest (183 +/- 42 ml vs 176 +/- 44 ml) but differed significantly at peak exercise (282 +/- 75 ml vs 231 +/- 60 ml). The clinical impression, based on wall motion and left ventricular ejection fraction was very similar between treadmill and cycle ergometer. CONCLUSION: Treadmill exercise RNA is feasible, with about 85% of studies likely to be technically adequate. The overall clinical results are very similar to cycle exercise RNA, although the ordinarily expected advantages of treadmill exercise were largely absent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time course of recovery during cardiac rehabilitation.

PURPOSE: Exercise-based rehabilitation programs improve effort tolerance in patients with cardiovascular disease. Little is known regarding the time course of recovery of objective and subjective indices of exercise tolerance. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were studied at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following early entry into rehabilitation following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS), or valve surgery. Exercise tolerance was assessed objectively by percent predicted cycle power output (%PO), and subjectively by a self-efficacy questionnaire for ambulatory (ASE) and muscular (MSE) items and by a disease-specific, health-related, quality-of-life questionnaire (HRQL). RESULTS: With the exception of percent predicted cycle power output, all exercise tolerance measures improved throughout the rehabilitation program. Extrapolation of recovery curves suggest that recovery to 85% predicted can be achieved in 10, 11, 18, and 21 weeks for a disease-specific, health-related, quality-of-life questionnaire, self-efficacy questionnaire for ambulatory items, muscular items, and power output, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that evaluation of both objective and subjective indices of exercise tolerance may be important in documenting outcomes of participation in structured rehabilitation programs. The time course of recovery of objective and subjective indices of exercise tolerance may not be highly correlated.

Adult↗