Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Forchuk.
This article demonstrates three major nursing theories in practice. The uniqueness of each theory is clarified through the presentation of nursing formulations and practice implications. The discussion provides a metaperspective of how practice based in nursing theory is different from traditional practice and how nursing theory can guide practice.
The purpose of this article is to explore the overview effect, an experience evoked by space travel that has the capacity to transform all patterns of human existence and evolution toward greater potentials in human diversity and creativity. As nurses migrate with humanity into the solar system and beyond, they will experience the overview effect. The core components of the effect include changed perceptions of space, time, sound, and weight which have the potential to transform the evolution of nursing science. Nursing paradigms will encompass a view of humanity as integral with an infinite evolutionary universe. After generations of living in space in a diversity of new environments, the physical body will undergo radical changes, and the meaning of health will be transformed. The article concludes with a discussion on the parallels between Rogers' science of unitary human beings and the overview effect.
Peplau and Orlando have had a great impact on the past and current practice of mental health nursing. Their works represent some of the first attempts at theory development in nursing. This article compares and critiques the works of these two theorists. The emphasis on the interpersonal relationship is a major focus of both theorists. Peplau has a greater emphasis on the development of the individual, while Orlando focuses on the immediate needs of the client. They both contribute greatly to the development of nursing science. Appreciating their work only for its historical significance would be a major oversight.
This article focuses on Peplau's major concepts, including nursing, person, health, and environment. The concepts are described and the relations among concepts are specified. The purpose of the specification is to facilitate the use of Peplau's theory in research and practice and to facilitate comparison with other nursing theories.
A community mental health program was evaluated using efficacy and outcome measures. The specific measures flow from the objectives based on the theoretical foundation of the program. The program's theoretical foundation was the interpersonal framework of psychodynamic nursing developed by Peplau. Peplau's work was integrated with the psychiatric rehabilitation and case management literature. The sharing of program evaluation strategies is particularly relevant when integrating nursing theory. This will aid in the development of a body of knowledge regarding effective and efficient models for the provision and evaluation of health services.
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As Hildegard Peplau has established, the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship represents the first stage of therapeutic work. The author studied the length of the orientation phase with clients with chronic mental illness. Findings suggested that the orientation phase was related to the number and length of hospitalizations, while demographic variables such as psychiatric diagnosis were unrelated to the length of the orientation phase. A return to the orientation phase can be triggered by a change of staff, even for brief periods, or internal factors within the client, such as worsening of paranoia or depression.
This descriptive study examines ethical conflicts reported by psychiatric-mental health nurses in community and inpatient settings. Generalist community nurses were included for comparison. The analysis of cases included reviewing general descriptions of the cases and identifying decision maker, principles involved, and type of moral conflicts. Fifty-seven case situations were collected: 20 cases from a psychiatric hospital, 18 cases from community mental health programs, and 19 cases from a general public health program. Fifty-one of the 57 cases reflected ethical problems. Using Jameton's (1984) categories, 30 of the 57 cases were rated as a dilemma, 18 were rated as moral uncertainty, and 3 were rated as examples of distress. The mental health nurses indicated that they believed they were the decision maker in the majority of cases. The general community nurses were more likely to believe the client was the decision maker. The identified principles, based on Veatch and Fry (1987), were doing good, or beneficence (26); confidentiality (10); autonomy (9); avoiding deception (4); and preventing killing (2). In the remaining 6 cases no principles were identified. Staff conflict was present in 13 of 20 inpatient cases, as compared with only 3 cases in each of the community settings (p less than .005).
The individual with a chronic illness frequently experiences a variety of environmental settings throughout the illness and treatment process. Although it is congruent with current nursing theory development to view environment in a broad context, nurses may fail to appreciate the continuity of environments experienced by their clients. This article argues for a reconceptualization of the environment that explicitly considers the continuity of environments experienced by the client with a chronic mental illness. This will assist nurses in determining the supportive and nonsupportive aspects of their clients' environments.
The impact of assertiveness training on job-related functioning has not been evaluated. This study, conducted in a tertiary care psychiatric facility, assessed whether assertiveness training changed nurses' perceptions of assertiveness, attitudes toward power, functioning within the nursing team, and functioning within the multidisciplinary team. This article describes a four-part assertiveness training course that was found to significantly affect feelings of assertiveness.
Identifying appropriate indicators and barriers can be a difficult task for the nurse administrator. This manuscript summarizes a qualitative study which examines staff perceptions of these issues. Feedback from the nursing staff was specific and helpful in improving systems related to quality of care.