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Biomedical subjects

C Flament

Publications and source records attributed to C Flament.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Changes in rat plasma apolipoproteins and lipoproteins during moderate protein deficiency: potential use in the assessment of nutritional status.

To test apolipoprotein sensitivity as protein deficiency markers, concomitant evolution of plasma apolipoproteins (apo) and usual nutritional markers (transthyretin, albumin, transferrin) were followed during a 28-d protein restriction in young male Wistar rats. In addition, plasma lipids and chemical composition of lipoproteins were assayed by d 28. The control and the deficient groups were fed 18% and 6% casein diets, respectively. By d 28 the protein-deficient group exhibited hypotriglyceridemia resulting from the decrease in VLDL triacylglycerols; free cholesterol and phospholipids were increased, reflecting the increment in LDL-HLDL1. In plasma total lipoproteins, apo BH, AI and E were not different than controls in the deficient group. Apolipoprotein AIV decreased after d 14 and was significantly less than in controls at d 28. Apolipoprotein BI was considerably reduced by d 14 (43% less) and d 28 (52% less) compared with the control group. Apolipoproteins C + AII were significantly lower in the protein-deficient group by d 14 (43%). By d 28, VLDL apo C were decreased 60% by protein restriction. Transthyretin level was 20% lower in the protein-deficient group by d 7 but returned to control values by d 14. A moderately lower value was observed for albumin by d 7 and d 14 and for transferrin by d 28. These results indicate that, in this model, apo BI and C are more sensitive to protein depletion than usual nutritional markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Discrepancy between anthropometry and biochemistry in the assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly.

Institutionalized aged subjects, considered free of evolutive disease and whose body weight was stable, were studied. They were divided into two groups depending on their body mass index: controls (BMI greater than or equal to 24) and depleted (BMI less than or equal to 21). The depleted group, as judged by anthropometric measurements, showed dramatically reduced body muscle and adipose masses. Usual blood parameters were normal in both groups. Biochemical markers of the protein and energy status, viz. albumin, transthyretin, transferrin, somatomedin-C, as well as serum levels of osteocalcin and apolipoproteins AI, AII, B, CII, CIII and E, were not affected in the depleted group. However, moderate iron deficiency and marked zinc deficiency were found in this group. It is concluded that in the elderly, biochemical markers of the protein and energy status are not related to the nutritional status assessed by anthropometry.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

T cell target 1 (TCT.1): a novel target molecule for human non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted T lymphocytes.

We have studied two gamma/delta T cell clones, E102 and E117, generated in a mixed lymphocyte culture using an allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line, E418. These clones were both found to express a molecular form of T cell receptor (TCR) infrequent in human peripheral blood, associating a V1-J1-C delta chain and a V3-JP2-C2 gamma chain. Functionally, they appeared as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (class I and II) requiring cytotoxicity, able to kill both the immunizing (i.e., E418) and unrelated (e.g., K562, REX, F601, and KAS) target cells. A monoclonal antibody, anti-10H3, able to selectively inhibit the cytotoxic activity of the clones has been produced. This reagent defines a 43-kD molecule, designated TCT.1, with broad distribution in the hematopoietic system, that appears to be distinct from class I MHC gene products. A series of functional experiments using various effector/target cell combinations strongly suggested that TCT.1 may represent a unique TCR ligand involved in the interaction between these particular CTL clones and certain of the target cells tested, while others were likely to be recognized and killed through a TCR-independent natural killer-like pathway. Although further experimentation will be needed to strengthen our interpretation of the present data, this study provides additional evidence that some T lymphocytes, in particular of the gamma/delta type, may interact specifically with target cells in a non-MHC class I/II-requiring fashion.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: effects of beta blocking agents and calcium antagonists.

Therapeutic interventions in patients with myocardial infarction, whether during the first hours after coronary occlusion or several days later, aim to reduce mortality and morbidity by several mechanisms: Prevention of fatal ventricular fibrillation, limitation of infarct size, and inhibition of platelet aggregation are some examples of such mechanisms. Results from early intervention trials with beta blocking agents, particularly from ISIS-I, suggest that 1-year mortality is significantly lower in selected patients randomized to active treatment. Late intervention studies also suggest a significant reduction in coronary mortality and morbidity with beta blockade, particularly when data are pooled. Studies with the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil were unable to demonstrate any beneficial effects of these drugs on mortality or reinfarction. In this review article, attention will be directed to the most recent information about the preventive value of beta adrenergic blocking drugs and slow calcium channel inhibitors.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

An epidemiologic appraisal of the associations between the fatty acids esterifying serum cholesterol and some cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men.

The relations between the fatty acids of cholesterol esters and some cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated in a sample of 3,348 middle-aged men examined at entry into the Paris Prospective Study 2. The partial associations between the risk factors and the various fatty acids have been evaluated using a special regression method that takes into account the structural dependencies among the percentages of fatty acids. The results show that palmitoleic acid is strongly associated with alcohol consumption and blood pressure and that its association with blood pressure is absent in nondrinkers. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 are negatively associated with palmitic and dihomogammalinolenic acids and positively associated with oleic and linoleic acids. An inverse relation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B to these fatty acids is also observed. Simultaneous high levels of palmitic and dihomogammalinolenic acids and low levels of oleic and linoleic acids could then be related to profiles of lipids and apolipoproteins exposing one to a high risk of coronary heart disease. These associations may be of interest in interpreting the relations observed in other studies between the fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters or other lipids and coronary heart disease.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1987

Effect of an hypercholesterolemic diet on the level of several serum lipids and apolipoproteins in nine rat strains.

To detect the response of different strains of rats to an hypercholesterolemic diet, 9 different strains of male rats were fed successively a control diet (C) containing 20% casein for 4 weeks, then a high-protein, cholesterol-rich diet (HC) containing 50% casein and 1.2% cholesterol for 12 weeks. When the rats were fed the control diet, the highest cholesterolemia was found in the LOU strain and the lowest in the WAG and Brown-Norway (BN) strains. The latter strain had the highest free to esterified cholesterol ratio and showed a marked band in beta position (LDL) on agarose gel electrophoresis. Administration of the HC diet induced an increase of cholesterolemia in all the strains except in Fisher (FIS) and LOU. This hypercholesterolemic diet decreased the free to esterified cholesterol ratio only in the BN and FIS strains. On agarose gel, all the strains showed a highly increased band in pre-beta position (VLDL). On polyacrylamide gel, a single, tight band in HDL position was revealed in the BN strain, while a large band or two bands were seen in the other strains. The percentages of some apoproteins in serum total lipoproteins were determined in rats fed the HC diet; the apoprotein E level was inversely correlated to the difference between the cholesterolemia of the rats given the HC and C diets (r = - 0.72; P less than 0.05). So, the BN rats had the lowest apo E level with the highest cholesterolemia increase due to the HC diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic cardiopathy].

The authors undertook a retrospective study of 200 cases of documented ischaemic heart disease. Seven variables were considered in a statistical analysis: age, sex, localisation of myocardial lesions, left ventricular function, ventricular arrhythmias in density and grade, and death due to cardiac or other causes. The statistical analysis using the Chi squared test showed no correlation between death and the variables: age, sex and localisation of the infarct. However, statistically significant relationship was observed between death, in particular when due to cardiac causes, and: left ventricular function, especially when the ejection fraction was less than 0.40, ventricular arrhythmias, especially with a density of between 10 and 50% and when repetitive were observed. Analysis of correspondences confirmed these results. Log-linear analysis of the variables or combinations of variables which allows prediction of the prevalence of death showed ventricular arrhythmias to be more important than left ventricular function when these two variables were considered singly. When the association of two variables was considered, the best predictive association was ventricular arrhythmias with repetitive ectopic rhythms; the second best predictive association was ventricular arrhythmias with abnormal ventricular function. These results should be interpreted taking into consideration the patient group studied, the criteria of selection and the limitations of 24 h ECG monitoring; in addition, some arrhythmias may have added importance (e.g. ventricular parasystole).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Relation between consumption of alcohol and fatty acids esterifying serum cholesterol in healthy men.

The relation between consumption of alcohol (established by interview), two of its typical markers (gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume), and the composition of fatty acids in plasma cholesterol esters was investigated in an epidemiological study of 1467 actively employed men aged 35-45. In this group of subjects mean consumption of alcohol was 34.6 (SD 25.2) g/day. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were positively correlated with consumption of alcohol, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, while linoleic acid was negatively correlated with these variables. When these three fatty acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the fat content of the diet were introduced into a multivariate regression analysis, with consumption of alcohol as the dependent variable, only palmitoleic acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the monounsaturated fat content of the diet remained significant. Palmitoleic acid seems to be an independent correlate of consumption of alcohol and could be useful in epidemiological and clinical studies as a variable of consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of whey protein, casein, soya-bean and sunflower proteins on the serum, tissue and faecal steroids in rats.

Four groups of rats were fed for 49 d on one of four semi-purified diets, without added cholesterol and containing 230 g/kg of the following isolated proteins: casein, whey, soya-bean or sunflower. Whey, soya-bean and sunflower proteins, when compared with casein, decreased the level of serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. These low cholesterol levels were accompanied by an increase in the daily faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids in the case of soya-bean protein, and by a decrease in the liver cholesterol content, when rats were fed on whey protein. Considering the amino acid composition of the four purified proteins, we observed that serum total and HDL-cholesterol levels had a significant positive correlation with tyrosine and glutamic acid, and a negative correlation with cystine and alanine. The present study showed that the hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary proteins was not related to their animal or vegetable origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of soy protein and saponins on serum, tissue and feces steroids in rat.

Four groups of rats were fed, for 45 days, one of the following semipurified diets containing sucrose 55% (w/w) and (a) casein 25%, (b) casein 24%, saponins (from Saponaria officinalis) 1%, (c) isolated soy protein 25%, (d) soy protein 24%, saponins 1%. The soy protein diet, compared to the casein one, produced an increase in the fecal excretion of neutral sterols on the 29th and 42nd days, without any modification in the liver, aorta and serum cholesterol concentrations. The effect of soy protein cannot be attributed to its saponin content but other substances associated to soy protein may interfere. With the casein diet, added saponins increased the fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids and decreased liver and aorta cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol was found unchanged. The effects of saponins were suppressed or greatly reduced with the soy protein diet. These results could be explained by binding of the sterols in insoluble forms.

Animals↗