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Biomedical subjects

C Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to C Fisher.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Amplification of chromosome band 11q13 and a role for cyclin D1 in human breast cancer.

In this paper we describe how research on the mouse mammary tumor virus model of breast cancer resulted in the identification of an amplified region of DNA on human chromosome 11 band q13. This amplification occurs in approximately 15% of primary breast cancers. Several candidate oncogenes map within the amplicon but by analysing expression of these genes a strong case can be made for a role for cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical staining indicates that cyclin D1 is expressed at elevated levels in around 40% of breast cancers, including those with the 11q13 amplification. The potential function of cyclin D1 as a regulator of early cell division cycle events would be consistent with a role in neoplasia.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1995

Cyclophosphamide induced remission in relapsed, progressive idiopathic orbital inflammation ('Pseudotumour').

A patient with orbital pseudotumour with intracranial extension is reported. At presentation, the disease was confined to the orbit. Steroid therapy and orbital irradiation failed to control the condition, which then extended intracranially. Progression continued in spite of further treatment with cranial irradiation and azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide was introduced, which produced a dramatic clinical response with marked radiological improvement within a few months. This was maintained over 2 years.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Renin-producing leiomyosarcoma originating in the uterus.

We present a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma in a 60-year-old woman, who had severe hypertension with hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis. Investigation revealed an elevated serum renin level; the tumour stained for renin on immunocytochemistry. The serum renin level fell on successful treatment of the primary. We suggest that this is the first reported case of uterine leiomyosarcoma shown to be producing renin.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Seeding of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma.

Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid usually occurs in the distribution of the primary procedure. There are numerous reports of widespread local recurrence and a few reported cases of distant metastases. Extensive seeding throughout the entire ipsilateral neck is rare. Treatment involves a combination of radical surgery and radiotherapy. The potential for malignant transformation demands close follow-up of younger patients particularly.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1995

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects endothelial and spindle cells.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a vascular tumour that contains characteristic spindle cells forming slit-like spaces, may have an infectious aetiology. Recently, sequences of a new human herpesvirus, KSHV/HHV-8, have been identified in both HIV-associated and classical KS. We sought to identify the target cell of this virus in KS tumour tissue. Using PCR in situ hybridization (PCR-ISH) we show that KSHV/HHV-8 is present in the flat endothelial cells lining vascular spaces of KS lesions as well as in typical KS spindle cells. These findings show that KSHV/HHV-8 is present in the cell types thought to represent neoplastic cells in these lesions.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Effects of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion.

Commercial grade curcumin (approximately 77% curcumin, 17% demethoxycurcumin and 3% bisdemethoxycurcumin) is widely used as a yellow coloring agent and spice in foods. In the present study topical application of commercial grade curcumin, pure curcumin or demethoxycurcumin had an equally potent inhibitory effect on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity and TPA-induced tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin. Bisdemethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin were less active. In additional studies we found that commercial grade curcumin, pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin had about the same potent inhibitory effect on TPA-induced inflammation of mouse ears, as well as TPA-induced transformation of cultured JB6 (P+) cells. Tetrahydrocurcumin was less active. The results indicate that pure curcumin and demethoxycurcumin (the major constituents of commercial grade curcumin) have the same potent inhibitory effects as commercial grade curcumin for inhibition of TPA-induced tumor promotion, but bisdemethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin are less active.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1995

A matched control study of familial epithelial ovarian cancer: patient characteristics, response to chemotherapy and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Many of the characteristics of patients with familial epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are not yet well defined. This report describes some of the characteristics of patients with EOC in particular response rates to chemotherapy and 5-year survival, and compares them with matched controls with sporadic EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 28 cases of familial epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) presenting to the Royal Marsden Hospital from January 1983 to September 1993. The incidence of familial EOC over this time period was 2.2% (28/1268). For each case of familial EOC, 3 controls were selected and matched for age, FIGO stage, volume of residual disease after initial surgery and type of chemotherapy; the matched controls were compared to the familial EOC cases for differences in histological subtype, response to chemotherapy and 5-year survival. There was a statistically significant difference in histological subtype, 83% of patients with familial EOC had serous cystadenocarcinoma compared to 49% in the matched control group (p = 0.0025) providing evidence that familial EOC has a genetic basis. However there were no differences in median age or FIGO stage between patients with familial EOC and the sporadic cases and no difference in overall response to chemotherapy or 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that familial and sporadic EOC are biologically very similar and therefore molecular studies on the pathogenesis of and cellular mechanisms involved in EOC may have an important impact on therapeutic strategies for the much commoner sporadic form of the disease. In addition, our data suggest that all patients should be closely questioned with regard to family history not just those who present at a young age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: incidence, prognosis, treatment and survival of patients.

BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcomas (also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumours) are rare malignant neoplasms that histologically contain both epithelial and stromal components. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All cases of carcinosarcoma of the ovary presenting to the Royal Marsden Hospital from January 1975 to August 1993 were retrospectively analysed and the histological sections reviewed. RESULTS: There were 37 cases of carcinosarcoma of the ovary representing 1.12% of the ovarian neoplasms seen at this institution. The median age of presentation was 65 years (range 26-85 years) and 70% of patients had advanced disease (FIGO stage III and IV). Clinical features at presentation were similar to those encountered in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The overall median survival was 247 days with 40% 1-year survival and 6% 5-year survival for all stages. Early FIGO stage was the only independent prognostic factor for survival. Histology (homologous/heterologous subtypes; grade, type or percentage of the epithelial component) had no significant impact on survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy may have a role and single agent platinum compounds are active, giving a response rate of 35%. CONCLUSIONS: The management of this tumour is difficult and randomised trials are needed to accrue sufficient patient numbers to demonstrate optimal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the mechanism for higher pregnancy rates in donor oocyte recipients by comparison of fresh with frozen embryo transfer pregnancy rates in a shared oocyte programme.

The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism for higher pregnancy rates in oocyte recipients by comparing the pregnancy rates following fresh and frozen embryo transfers in a shared oocyte programme. A prospective study was carried out of 135 matched pairs of donors and recipients who equally share the donors' pool of oocytes. Recipients were subclassified by ovarian function: 69 were in ovarian failure and 66 retained ovarian function. A total of 474 standard in-vitro fertilization cycles using the same ovarian stimulation protocol as the donors were also evaluated. The main outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates for donors and recipients following fresh and frozen embryo transfers. The clinical pregnancy rates per transfer for fresh embryo transfers were 17.5% for donors, 20.4% for recipients with ovarian function and 46.3% for recipients in ovarian failure (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rates for frozen embryo transfers were 15.3% for donors, 17.2% for recipients with ovarian function and 23.8% for recipients in ovarian failure (not significantly different). The implantation rates for fresh transfers were 7.5% for donors, 8.6% for recipients with ovarian function and 15.6% for recipients in ovarian failure (P < 0.05); for frozen cycles, the implantation rates were 5.1, 5.2 and 7.1% respectively (not significantly different). When classified by age and ovarian function, the clinical pregnancy rates per transfer for recipients with ovarian function were 14.0% for those aged > or = 40 and 22.2% for those aged < 40 years. For recipients in ovarian failure, the pregnancy rates were 33.3% for the older group of women and 39.4% for the younger group. A logistic regression analysis found that ovarian function was the only factor to have an independent effect on outcome. The demonstration of higher pregnancy and implantation rates in recipients versus donors following fresh embryo transfer, despite the use of a common pool of oocytes, strongly suggests that the well-known higher fecundity found in recipients is not predominantly related to the use of better quality oocytes. The demonstration of an implantation rate twice as high following fresh versus frozen embryo transfer in recipients with ovarian failure suggests that the frozen embryo is not as hardy as the fresh embryo. Thus, the fact that both the pregnancy and implantation rates in donors were the same with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer suggests that the ovarian stimulation regimen has a negative effect on outcome. However, the clear demonstration of higher pregnancy rates in recipients with ovarian failure compared with those with ovarian function suggests that, in addition, these higher rates may be linked to a superior uterine environment in patients with ovarian failure. Alternatively, the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists may have a negative effect on implantation in patients with ovarian function.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1995

Vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma. V. Nephrogenic adenoma: a diagnostic problem.

Following the diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma in a bladder lesion, which was later interpreted as early clear cell adenocarcinoma, the morphological and immunocytochemical features of these two lesions were reviewed to see if differences could be established for future diagnostic application. The architecture, extent, cell type, nuclear pleomorphism, presence of mitotic figures and glycogen content were recorded in 28 nephrogenic adenomas and the clear cell carcinoma. Similarly, the immunoreactivity for CAM 5.2, LP34, EMA and CEA of 10 nephrogenic adenomas and the clear cell carcinoma were compared. Proliferation rate in five nephrogenic adenomas and the carcinoma was assessed by antibody M1B1. Many of the features showed differences in degree or extent (clear cell change, nuclear pleomorphism, CAM 5.2 and CEA positivity). The only features distinct to clear cell carcinoma were the presence of solid islands, mitoses greater than 1/10 HPF (HPF area = 0.4 mm2) and M1B1 counts in excess of 29/200 in clear cell carcinoma (range 30/200-83/200). Only the high M1B1 count was present in the first biopsy of the clear cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of colour discrimination and electroretinography in evaluation of visual pathway dysfunction in aretinopathic IDDM patients.

The slow progression of diabetic retinopathy makes it difficult to assess the effects of intervention therapy. There is thus a need for surrogate markers of visual change in diabetes. Colour vision tests and electroretinography (ERG) may be useful in this regard; yet little is known of their relative performance in the assessment of visual dysfunction in diabetes. The aim of the present study was to compare colour discrimination (100 hue test) and ERG indices (oscillatory potentials (OP) and pattern ERG (PERG)) in the evaluation of aretinopathic IDDM patients. Colour discrimination was abnormal in 10 aretinopathic IDDM patients when compared with nine age matched controls; mean square root 100 hue error scores were 10.38 (SD 2.89) versus 4.77 (1.87) respectively, p < 0.01. OP implicit times of the ERG were also abnormal; for example, for right eye, mean OP1 implicit time for diabetics versus OP1 implicit time for controls was 20.1 (2.0) versus 18.6 (1.4) ms, p = 0.03. Comparison of the two techniques suggested that the 100 hue test was more sensitive and more specific than ERG OP implicit times in the detection of diabetic visual dysfunction in these patients.

Adult↗