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Biomedical subjects

C Fieschi

Publications and source records attributed to C Fieschi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Sequential computed tomography and 123I-HIPDM scans in multiple sclerosis with large plaque. A case report.

We report a case of acute multiple sclerosis in whom computed tomography (CT) scan suggested the presence of a large plaque. The anatomical and functional recovery of the brain tissue was followed by means of repeated CT scan and 123I-HIPDM studies. Single photon emission CT may be successfully employed to monitor the pathophysiological changes associated with the demyelinating process.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in patients with cerebral ischemia assessed by SPECT and 123I-HIPDM.

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) was investigated in a series of 59 patients (34 completed strokes and 25 reversible ischemic attacks, RIAs) using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with 123I-HIPDM as a cerebral blood flow (CBF) indicator. CCD was present in 17 (50%) of the patients with completed stroke and in 6 (24%) of the patients with RIAs. CCD was significantly correlated to the clinical severity (p less than 0.001) and to the extension of the supratentorial lesion (p less than 0.05). However, CCD was also recorded in 3 out of 16 patients with normal neurological examination and CT scan, suggesting that a 'functional' hemispheric disturbance may be sufficient to produce a remote effect on the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. Time elapsed between the clinical onset and SPECT study was not critical, since CCD was recorded in the acute as well as in chronic studies. Follow-up SPECT studies showed that CCD disappeared in 5 out of 18 patients after a successful extra-intracranial bypass, while a spontaneous recovery was observed in only one of 16 nonsurgical patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Local cerebral metabolic changes in acute ischemic strokes.

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies with 18F deoxyglucose were completed in 35 patients with acute ischemic strokes. Twelve cases were studied within 72 h, 23 between 4 and 14 days. Results indicate the functional and prognostic significance of early tomography studies of metabolism, and anticipate possible use of metabolic imaging in the evaluation of treatment.

Brain↗
PubMed1987

Effects of carotid compression, as assessed by near infrared spectroscopy, upon cerebral blood volume and hemoglobin oxygen saturation.

Near infrared spectroscopy, a recently developed optoelectronic technique, has been studied as a possible method of monitoring the adequacy of cerebral perfusion in 22 patients who were candidates for carotid endarterectomy. Using this technique, changes in haemoglobin volume, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and redox level of cytochrome-c-oxidase were recorded from the frontoparietal region during routine carotid compression tests performed under continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. A highly significant association was found between EEG slowing, indicating impaired cerebral function, and a fall in haemoglobin volume and oxygen saturation, indicating a reduced blood and oxygen supply to the brain (Fisher exact test, P less than 10(-5]. In a few tests haemoglobin volume and oxygen saturation were reduced without changes in the EEG recording. This study raises new issues concerning the compensatory mechanisms taking place during carotid occlusion and suggests that near infrared spectroscopy might be useful in monitoring the blood and oxygen supply to the brain during carotid endarterectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic and clinical correlates of acute ischemic infarction.

We studied cerebral metabolism, anatomy, and clinical status in 36 patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Results from FDG-PET were compared with CT to find the relationships between the metabolic, anatomic, and clinical findings. Metabolic abnormalities seen on PET frequently were more extensive than the corresponding CT findings. The pattern of metabolic abnormality was significantly related to both the type of clinical syndrome and the degree of eventual recovery. No such relationships were found for the CT results. We conclude that studies of cerebral metabolism are of value in establishing prognosis after acute cerebral ischemia. Also, knowledge of the patterns of cerebral dysmetabolism provides a powerful means for the localization of clinical function.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effect of hrTNF alpha on TxB2 release by macrophages.

Peritoneal rat macrophages incubated with human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (hrTNF alpha) released 2-3 times more thromboxane (TxB2) than untreated macrophage controls, a result similar to that obtained by incubating them with endotoxin (ET) or calcium ionophore A23187.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mitogen dose-dependent effect of weak pulsed electromagnetic field on lymphocyte blastogenesis.

The effects of pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogenesis induced by phytohaemoagglutinin, concanavalin A or calcium ionophore A23187 were studied. The dependence of the field effect on mitogen concentrations was investigated. Field exposure produced strong inhibition of DNA synthesis when optimal doses of mitogens were used, confirming our previous findings. Opposite effects were observed at suboptimal concentration of mitogens. Experiments performed by exposing cell cultures to the field for short periods indicated that a field application of at least 6 h is needed to influence irreversibly lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Calcimycin↗
PubMed1986

Augmentation of thromboxane production in vitro by polymorphonuclears and macrophages exposed to IL1/LP.

Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were stimulated to generate thromboxane upon treatment with highly purified human interleukin 1/leukocytic pyrogen (IL1/LP) at various concentrations. Thromboxane B2 was measured by radioimmunoassay in the cell-free supernatants of cell suspensions after 1 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. Thromboxane B2 amounts increased in a way which depended on the dose of IL1 added to the cell cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Three-year neuropsychological follow-up of patients with reversible ischemic attacks.

A short neuropsychological test battery designed to measure language, memory and visuospatial abilities was administered to 217 patients with reversible ischemic attacks. Patients were tested twice: the first time more than one month, but less than one year, from the last ischemic episode, and the second time three years later. A comparison between the first and the second testing session did not disclose any significant worsening. The degree of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of further ischemic episodes during the follow-up period were found to be unrelated to change in performance at the test battery. These results seems to challenge the hypothesis that multi-infarct dementia may follow apparently reversible, or even clinically silent, ischemic episodes.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1986

In vitro enhanced thromboxane B2 release by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages after treatment with human recombinant interleukin 1.

Macrophages (M phi) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are cell types that interact with bacterial endotoxin and play key roles in mediating the inflammatory reaction. We examined the ability of rat peritoneal macrophages and human PMNs to synthesize thromboxane A2 (detected as TxB2) in response to human recombinant interleukin 1 (hrIL1). TxB2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cell-free supernatant of cell suspensions after 1 hr incubation at 37 degrees C. TxB2 release by both PMNs and M phis was increased in a dose-dependent manner by hrIL1.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Role of calcium entry blockers in neurological diseases.

The current neurological indications for calcium entry blockers list a potential usefulness in tissue protection against the effects of cerebral anoxia and ischemia. Experimental data support these indications. Clinical data are preliminary so far and suggest designs for larger trials. A possible alternative strategy is the study of particular subgroups of patients such as the patients at excessive risk of stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study of an Italian population.

We conducted a case-control study of 116 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in seven Italian centers. One hundred sixteen hospital controls and 97 population controls were matched by age, sex, and region of residence to the cases. A structured questionnaire was administered to the next-of-kin of cases and controls by trained interviewers to identify possible risk factors. Genetic, viral, toxic, immunologic, medical, surgical, and personality factors were investigated. Dementia among first- or second-degree relatives and advanced age of the mother at subject's birth (age over 40) were associated with AD. Head trauma was more frequent in cases than in either hospital or population controls, but the differences were not significant. Our data did not confirm the previously reported association with antecedent thyroid disease or family history of Down's syndrome.

Adult↗