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Biomedical subjects

C Faure

Publications and source records attributed to C Faure.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Evolution of the primate beta-globin gene region. High rate of variation in CpG dinucleotides and in short repeated sequences between man and chimpanzee.

A 5500 base-pair fragment including the beta-globin gene downstream from codon 122 and about 4000 base-pairs of its 5' flanking sequence was cloned from chimpanzee DNA and thoroughly sequenced before being compared with the corresponding human sequence: 88 point differences (83 substitutions and 5 deletions or insertions of 1 base-pair) were detected as well as seven more important deletion/insertion events. These changes occur preferentially in two kinds of structure. First, 40% of the CpG dinucleotides present in either human or chimpanzee sequences are affected by nucleotide variations. This corresponds to a divergence level considerably higher than that expected. Second, most short repeated sequences found in the 5' extragenic sequence are involved in mutational events (amplification or contraction of the number of basic motifs as well as point substitutions or deletions/insertions of 1 base-pair). Considering the very low level of nucleotide sequence divergence between these two closely related species, our data provide direct evidence for CpG and tandem array instability.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Attributed strings for recognition of epileptic transients in EEG.

This paper presents a structural pattern recognition system for signals interpreted and described by a human expert. For each pattern to be recognized, the signal is represented by a sequence of local information ('types of primitives') which is syntactically correct if some 'structural attributes' are satisfied. Types of primitives and structural attributes are defined. This representation method takes a priori knowledge of the expert's descriptions into account. Our system is concerned with EEG's analysis. Detection of transient events, spikes and spike-and-wave complexes helps the electroencephalographist by rejecting parts of the EEG trace which certainly do not contain these patterns. The transient events detection keeps a 16% average of the initial trace for pathological EEG's and 8.3% for non-pathological EEG's. Only 3.3% of pathological EEG's are not rejected after spikes and spike-and-wave complexes detection. The results of this parse are compared with human interpretations.

Biometry↗
PubMed1985

[Role of intermediate sealed prostheses in the treatment of fractures of the trochanter major in the elderly. Apropos of a continuous series of 110 prosthesis].

Between January 1980 and July 1983, 265 fracture of the trochanteric region in elderly patients were treated in Prof. J. Butel's department. Prior to 1980, 75% of the cases were treated with Ender's pin. However, the high failure rate of this procedure (especially in the case of complex fractures) led the authors to select the indications for this operation much more carefully. In the present series of 265 cases, there were: 110 intermediate sealed prostheses, 136 Ender's pin 19 direct osteosyntheses. At the present time (and for the last 2 years) the indications are distributed in the following way: 50% intermediate sealed prostheses, about 40% Ender's pin and 5 to 10 direct osteosyntheses. The ideal indication for intermediate sealed prosthesis is a unstable fracture of the greater trochanter (complex trochanteric fractures, fractures with a large 3rd fragment separating the lesser trochanter, trochantero-diaphyseal fractures) in autonomous elderly patients over the age of 75. This operation allows immediate weight-bearing and the operative mortality is barely more than with other techniques (21%) with very satisfactory results (more than 80 of good and very good results).

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Trochanteric fractures in the elderly: Ender nails, prostheses or direct osteosyntheses. Apropos of a continuous series of 265 cases].

The results of 265 trochanteric fractures in the elderly treated between 1980 and 1983 have been analysed. Among them, 136 were treated by Ender's nailing, 110 by prostheses and 19 by internal fixation. In an earlier study, Ender's nailing had been used in 75 p. 100 of cases. The conclusions were that the increasing use of a prosthesis has brought about an improvement in the results-80 p. 100 satisfactory in the present series compared with 54 p. 100 in the preceding one. The mortality rate was comparable after Ender's nailing and prostheses. Ender's nailing is indicated in stable fractures and, in unstable fractures, internal fixation is indicated in very active persons, Ender's nailing in non-ambulatory patients and prostheses in elderly patients with sufficient walking ability.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A new method for detection of small modifications in genomic DNA, applied to the human delta-beta globin gene cluster.

Cloned DNA fragments were subcloned in filamentous coliphages fd 103 or M 13; the recombinant single-stranded DNAs were then used to form hybrids with genomic DNA as well as with complementary recombinant single-stranded DNA. Hybrids were submitted to S1-nuclease treatment alone or in combination with restriction enzyme digestions. This method was used to analyze the delta-beta globin gene cluster from the total genomic DNA of a beta 0-thalassemic patient. A modification located approximately 530 base pairs upstream from the cap site of the beta-globin gene was detected in only one thalassemic chromosome of this patient. Sequence analysis have shown that the patient was homozygous for a single nucleoside change (dC----dT) which remains undetected by our hybridization method, leading to a codon 39 nonsense mutation; they have demonstrated too that he was heterozygous for the modification mentioned and detected by S1-nuclease, which corresponds to an additional sequence d(T-A-T-A) in a 52 alternating purine-pyrimidine run, leading to a complex change from d[(A-T)7(T)7] to d[(A-T)11(T)3].

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

[Radiologic detection of congenital hip dislocation at the 4th month].

For the systematic detection of the congenital dislocation of the hip the roentgen examination must be performed at the beginning of the fourth month. At birth, only are X rayed the dislocations clinically detected in order to have a picture for the follow-up and to check the beneficial effect of the treatment by an abduction device. At the fourth month, for radiological detection, an ordinary frontal film of the pelvis is performed with a strict technique. The criteria of a well performed radiograph are given. For the diagnosis of dislocation the roentgen signs are quite precise. Among them, the high-value of the acetabular angles is not longer considered as a good criterion for detection at this age. It has been shown that radiological mass screening is beneficial from the socio-economic and radiation risk point of view. Nevertheless such a mass screening, in our opinion, is not advisable. Radiological screening must be restricted to infants at risk (infant born after breech presentation, infant with pes talus, genu recurvatum, torticollis, infant with other cases in the family, first born in a family, mainly if of important birthweight).

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
PubMed1984

[Congenital familial dwarfism with cephaloskeletal dysplasia (Taybi-Linder syndrome)].

The authors report the case of an infant presenting with a syndrome associating dwarfism, microcephaly, facial dysmorphy and important skeletal abnormalities consisting of radiologic changes concerning the skull, long bones, vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, metacarpus and metatarsus. Severe cerebral atrophy and neurologic involvement were responsible for death in the first year of life. This rare syndrome is likely to have an autosomal recessive transmission.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1983

[Familial form of total digestive aganglionosis with absence of nerve fibers].

Two familial cases of intestinal aganglionosis with lack of innervation concerning the whole digestive tract from the rectum to the esophagus are reported. The relationships between this histologic picture and that found in classical Hirschsprung's disease are discussed. The lack of obstructive symptom makes the diagnosis difficult; however, it should be suspected in the presence of intraluminal calcifications in the small bowel. The familial incidence of the condition seems to be high. A recessive autosomal transmission is likely. Neurologic signs resembling those in dysautonomia lead to suspect an extensive disorder of the development of the neural crest.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

[The mechanical properties of devices used for the fixation of femoral neck fractures (author's transl)].

The authors have studied the mechanical problems of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, both from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They have tested stability of several types of fixation according to the obliquity of the fracture line. Three types of strain have been applied to fractured dried bone. Fixation by three parallel screws seemed to give the most stability. The authors conclude that, with this type of fixation, early weight-bearing can be resumed by patients with fractures of Pauwels type I and II, but weight-bearing is still dangerous in type III.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Recurrent multifocal periostosis in childhood. 2 case reports (author's transl)].

Two children (4 2/12 and 7 years old, respectively) presented with features of recurrent multifocal periostosis. Radiologic findings consist of periosteal appositions, preferentially located on the long bones and are associated with general and local inflammatory signs. No causal agent can be identified. Complete clinical recovery occurs spontaneously sometimes after several relapses. The relationship between these patients' history and Caffey's syndrome is discussed.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[Aid to the diagnosis of epilepsy. Codification of EEG tracings for the characterization of detectable non-stationary phenomena].

The aim of automatic EEG analysis is to detect and class the significant events of the signal. For the detection phase an autoregressive model is developed giving rise to non-stationary points. The model used to analyse information in each event goes further than the problem of existence or non-existence. It is possible to understand qualitative aspects regarding the recognition of typical patterns of epilepsy such as 'spike and waves' providing a preliminary classification of the pattern. Such a classification based on sentence coding established from quantities provided from the model leads to a qualitative understanding of the phenomenon. The first results are presented.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

[Segmentation of an experimental signal from morphologic descriptors: application to the electroencephalogram].

Many signals can be defined as a background interrupted by events. Our studied signal, the electroencephalogram, belongs to a special field of experiments in which an expert interprets these events. To carry out automatically this interpretation we have to deal with different approaches, e.g. signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The aim is to research a special pattern with hierarchical cancelling of all the parts of the signal which cannot contain the pattern. To descriminate we have to define what we call a disparity and an analogy. We specify them in terms of morphological structures represented with syntactical rules. Here we present a method of segmentation based on local morphological differences which appear on the signal. We code these differences. The organisation of disparities allow us to separate the parts of the signal which cannot be considered as the background signal. Among these separated parts we research a special type of pattern. For this purpose we use syntactical rules that we built up on a learning set of pattern. These rules concern the elements of the code used for the disparities. We applied this study to electroencephalographic signals and to typical epileptic pattern as complex spikes and waves.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

[Fascicular nailing of the femur and tibia. 14 years' experience. Report of 275 cases (author's transl)].

The use of the fascicular four-pin nail has been introduced to correct certain inadequacies revealed by the rigid nailing according to Kuntscher's method; made up of four tiny pins soldered at each end, it fits the curve of the bone; its elasticity allows a much greater resistance to repeated strain as compared to other nails; an experimental study which compares the stability of fresh femurs cut then nailed according to different methods, reveals a definite superiority for the fascicular nail. The clinical use for 14 years (275 nailings among which 92 cases werefresh closed fractures of the femur) confirms that such a method provides the advantage of nailing without reaming as well as the possibility of immediate weight bearing ambulation for most patients (75% in the cases of resh femur or tibia fractures).

Biomechanical Phenomena↗