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Biomedical subjects

C Faure

Publications and source records attributed to C Faure.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

[Value of CT bursography in the evaluation of rotator cuff tears].

PURPOSE: To describe the technique and assess the value of subacromial CT bursography in patients with partial surface tear of the rotator cuff tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 patients with shoulder pain suggestive of tendinopathy or tear of the rotator cuff were evaluated with subacromial CT bursography. RESULTS: Subacromial CT bursography was normal in 4 patients. Partial surface tear was detected in 7 patients [irregularities (n=2), defect (n=2), superficial tear (n=3)]. Full thickness tear was detected in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: The authors described the technique for subacromial CT bursography to visualize partial surface tears of the rotator cuff tendon. This simple and reliable technique could be an alternative to MR imaging, especially when MR evaluation is not possible.

Adult↗

In vivo retroviral integration: fidelity to size of the host DNA duplication might Be reduced when integration occurs near sequences homologous to LTR ends.

Integrated retroviral DNAs are flanked by a short duplication of target DNA whose size is virus specific and invariable. We have sequenced the junctions between an ALSV (Avian Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses)-based vector and quail DNA from five individual proviruses. Three proviruses were flanked by the expected 6-bp duplication of host DNA, whereas the two others were flanked by a 5-bp duplication. Nucleotide sequencing of the native integration sites of these two proviruses showed that these integrations had occurred at the immediate vicinity of either a CA or a TG dinucleotide, revealing striking microhomologies between the integration sites and viral LTR ends. These results suggest that size duplication of the target DNA might be influenced by nucleotidic sequence at the site of integration.

Animals↗

Regulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel mRNA expression in rat kidney following ischemic injury.

ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are involved in the regulation of potassium homeostasis in kidneys. In the event of renal ischemia, they are thought to contribute to the important intracellular potassium loss observed in proximal tubules and thus to hypoxic injury. We have analyzed the transcriptional regulation of K(ATP) genes in rat kidney following transient renal ischemia. We observed that mRNA expression level was down-regulated for Kir1.1 and Kir4.1 potassium channels between 24 and 120 h after ischemia. In contrast, a strong increase in mRNA expression was observed for Kir6.1 shortly (2-6 h) after ischemia. Thus, renal ischemia followed by reperfusion provokes differential regulation of K(ATP) channel gene expression.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

Effect of meal and intravenous erythromycin on manometric and electrogastrographic measurements of gastric motor and electrical activity.

Electrogastrography (EGG) measures, on the skin surface, the myoelectrical activity attributable to gastric smooth muscle cells. The physiological significance of signal amplitude and variation has not been clearly established. The increased signal amplitude after eating a meal may be related to increased contractile activity or to gastric distension. This study investigates the effect of increased gastric motor activity, unaccompanied by gastric distension, on the EGG recording and compares it to the effect of a meal. Nine children (3 months to 15 years old), were assessed by antroduodenal manometry for chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (N = 5), chronic vomiting (N = 2), and abdominal distension (N = 2). Synchronized EGG recording was performed simultaneously. During the study, four children were given a meal and five were given intravenous erythromycin 3 mg/kg over 1 hr. The ratio of the antral motor index (MI = number of waves x sum of amplitudes) determined 1 hr before a meal (or erythromycin) to that determined 1 hr after a meal (or during intravenous erythromycin) was calculated. The ratio of the running total spectrum power of the electrical signal at the same times was also calculated. Antral MI increased after a meal [MI ratio (mean +/- SE) 5.33 +/- 2.2] and after intravenous erythromycin (MI ratio: 9.36 +/- 2.6). The amplitude of the electrical activity also increased after the meal [power ratio (mean +/- SE) 3.01 +/- 0.65] and after intravenous erythromycin (power ratio: 1.23 +/- 0.39), but the increase was greater after the meal (P < 0.05 vs intravenous erythromycin). No correlation was found between antral MI ratio and running total spectrum power ratio. In conclusion, the increased amplitude of the gastric electrical activity recorded by the EGG after a meal seems to be only partly due to the increase in antral motor activity. The increase in power is also related to gastric distension.

Adolescent↗

The study of cutaneous melanomas in Camargue-type gray-skinned horses (2): epidemiological survey.

An epidemiological survey was made on cutaneous melanomas occurring in Camargue-type, gray-skinned horses in southern France. The population investigated was composed of 264 horses, which were selected from the Camargue horse stud registry and were allowed to be examined by the owners. The presence of tumors was inspected macroscopically according to the standardized protocols of veterinary medicine specialists, and some tumors were subjected to macroscopic histopathological examination. The results indicated that: 1) the prevalence of melanomas in the overall population was 31.4%; 2) the odds ratio was obtained for an age class of 5-9 years, in which most melanomas were presumed to occur; 3) the incidence of melanomas was significantly correlated with age, giving a prevalence of 67% at ages > 15 years; 4) the size and number of tumorous lesions were significantly related to age; 5) little correlation was observed between melanoma incidence and gender; and 6) the most frequently occurring body site of these tumors was underneath the tail. Because of their frequent occurrence in shaded body regions, sun exposure was not likely to be a risk factor for melanoma formation in these horses. In view of the slightly darker skin pigmentation in these horses at younger ages, the unique characteristics of their melanocytes may be associated with melanoma formation.

Age Distribution↗

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction and acute pandysautonomia associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

We report the association of neurological and intestinal disorders with the reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a child. This previously healthy 13-yr-old boy presented with pharyngitis and acute abdominal ileus. Laparotomy excluded a mechanical obstruction. Postoperatively, he suffered from prolonged intestinal obstruction, pandysautonomia, and encephalomyelitis. Histological examination of the appendix and a rectal biopsy taken 3 months after the onset showed an absence of ganglion cells (appendix) and hypoganglionosis (rectum), with a mononucleate inflammatory infiltrate in close contact with the myenteric neural plexuses. EBV-PCR was positive in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and in situ hybridization with the Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA probe showed positive cells throughout the appendix wall including the myenteric area, in a mesenteric lymph node, and in the gastric biopsies. EBV spontaneous lymphocytic proliferation was noted in the blood. The serology for EBV showed previous infection but anti-early antigen antibodies were present. No immunodeficiency was found. Neurological and GI recovery occurred after 6 months of parenteral nutrition and bethanechol. The omnipresence of EBV associated with the neurointestinal symptoms suggest that the virus was the causal agent. This is the first documented case of acquired hypoganglionnosis due to EBV reactivation.

Acute Disease↗

Peripheral neuropathy with hypomyelination, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and deafness: a developmental "neural crest syndrome" related to a SOX10 mutation.

We describe the case of a girl with an unusual congenital phenotype, combining peculiar peripheral nerve lesions with hypomyelination, chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, and deafness. She was found to have a de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation in the gene encoding the SOX10 transcription factor. The likely role of SOX10 in determining the fate of Schwann cells during early embryogenesis may explain the peripheral nervous system developmental disorder observed in this patient.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

[Proton pump inhibitors in pediatrics].

For the past ten years or so, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, or pantoprazole, have become the reference treatment for peptic disorders in adults. PPIs have recently begun to be used in pediatrics, and this use is likely to expand. They act on the final step of gastric acid secretion by completely inhibiting the ATPase (proton pump) at the surface of the gastric parietal cells, thus yielding long term inhibition which is not correlated with the plasma concentration of the drug, in contrast to the effects of H2-blocker drugs. Our knowledge of this new class of treatment in pediatrics is still fragmentary, but the reported pharmacokinetic and clinical data indicate that they are suitable for use in children. While the short-term risk of complications appears to be minimal, the tolerance of these drugs in chronic use requires careful monitoring because of the potential consequences of prolonged inhibition of acid secretion.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction syndrome: clinical analysis, outcome, and prognosis in 105 children. French-Speaking Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology.

Our aim was to collect a large number of cases to characterize clinical presentation, outcome, and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseusoobstruction in children. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study that included children treated for chronic intestinal pseusoobstruction defined as recurrent episodes of intestinal obstruction with no mechanical obstruction, excluding Hirschsprung's disease. In all, 105 children, 57 boys and 48 girls, were studied, including five familial forms. Prenatal diagnosis was made in 18 patients. Eighty patients were less than 12 months old at onset; the disease began at birth for 37 patients. The most frequent signs were abdominal distension, vomiting, and constipation. Megacystis was noted in myopathies (7 cases), neuropathies (10 cases) and unclassified forms (13 cases). For all but three cases (two patients with CMV infection, one with Munchhausen-by-proxy syndrome), the associated diseases and disorders could not account for chronic intestinal pseusoobstruction as a secondary disorder. At least one full-thickness biopsy from the digestive tract was studied for 99 patients. The diagnosis recorded was visceral neuropathy in 58 cases, visceral myopathy in 17 cases, and uncertain or normal biopsy results in 24 cases. Seventy-eight children were fed intravenously, and only 18 were able to be fed orally throughout their illness. Seventy-one patients underwent surgery during their illness, and 217 surgical procedures, a mean of 3 per patient, were performed. Ostomy was the most performed procedure. Follow-up continued in 89 patients for 3 months to 16 years (mean 85 months). Forty-two patients were still fed by parenteral (39 patients) or enteral nutrition (3 patients) at the time of the study. Eleven patients died between the age of 1 month and 14 years 7 months.

Age of Onset↗

Mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene and evidence for genetic heterogeneity in hereditary pancreatitis.

Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a rare inherited disorder, characterised by recurrent episodes of pancreatitis often beginning in early childhood. The mode of inheritance suggests an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. The gene, or at least one of the genes, responsible for hereditary pancreatitis has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 7 and a missense mutation, an arginine to histidine substitution at residue 117 in the trypsinogen cationic gene (try4) has been shown to segregate with the HP phenotype. The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular basis of hereditary pancreatitis. This study was performed on 14 HP families. The five exons of the trypsinogen cationic gene were studied using a specific gene amplification assay combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The present paper describes three novel mutations, namely K23R and N29I and a deletion -28delTCC in the promoter region. We also found a polymorphism in exon 4, D162D. In eight of these families we found a mutation which segregates with the disease. A segregation analysis using microsatellite markers carried out on the other families suggests genetic heterogeneity in at least one of them. Our findings confirm the implication of the cationic trypsinogen gene in HP and highlight allelic diversity associated with this phenotype. We also show that the pattern of inheritance of HP is probably complex and that other genes may be involved in this genetic disease.

Cations↗

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous methylprednisolone and oral prednisone in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the acute phase and in remission.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of inflammatory bowel disease on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous methylprednisolone and prednisolone (after oral administration of prednisone). PATIENTS: Twelve children with inflammatory bowel disease, aged 12.3 years were studied during the active phase and in remission. In 6 patients the disease responded to oral prednisone while 6 did not respond. METHODS: During the acute phase, intravenous methylprednisolone (2 mg x kg(-1)) and oral prednisone (2 mg x kg(-1)) were administered in a random order and blood was sampled over 48 h. Prednisone (2 mg x kg(-1)) was readministered after remission. The concentrations of methylprednisolone and prednisolone were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: During the acute phase, the systemic clearance of methylprednisolone was 0.98 (1 kg(-1) x h(-1)) and the elimination half-life was 1.67 h. The area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve of prednisolone was 4.00 and 3.20 x mg x h x l(-1) respectively during the active disease and remission, while its elimination half-life was 3.51 h during the acute phase and 2.42 h in remission. There were no pharmacokinetic differences between the patients who responded or did not respond to oral treatment. CONCLUSION: In children with inflammatory bowel disease, the initial response to corticosteroid therapy was not influenced by the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and methylprednisolone. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone was not modified by the inflammatory syndrome.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

Collagenous gastritis revealed by severe anemia in a child.

Collagenous gastritis is a rare histopathological disorder of unknown origin, characterized by a subepithelial collagen deposit greater than 10 microm thick, associated with an inflammatory infiltrate of the gastric mucosa. This report describes a second pediatric case of collagenous gastritis, revealed by severe anemia caused by gastric bleeding, as was the first case. Unlike the adult cases of collagenous gastritis, lesions were limited to the stomach, and remained unchanged on six series of biopsies taken during a 30 month follow-up, despite treatment with omeprazole, sucralfate and corticosteroids. An immunohistochemical study showed signs of local immune activation on all biopsy specimens, including overexpression of HLA-DR by epithelial cells, increased numbers of CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, and CD25+ cells in the lamina propria. Although the cause of the disease remains unclear, our findings suggest that the histopathological lesions of collagenous gastritis may result from a local immune process.

Anemia↗

[Perineal lesions in childhood Crohn disease].

BACKGROUND: Perineal lesions (PAL) usually evolve together with bowel disease and often constitute a serious and disabling complication of Crohn's disease. PATIENTS: Forty-three children (47%) with Crohn's disease developed PAL in a retrospective study of 92 patients ranging in age from 4 to 20 years. RESULTS: PAL occurred at the mean age of 11.4 +/- 0.7 years, prior to diagnosis in 25% or subsequently in 21%. PAL were severe: complex fistulae (15%), rectovaginal fistulae (2%), anal raggedness (13%); moderate: subcutaneous fistulae (11%), abscesses (19%), cavitating ulcers (9.5%) and stricture formations (5.7%); or mild: eczema (6.7%), fissures (57%) and skin tags (17%). An association with these various features has been observed in 31%. The extent of involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was rectosigmoid (72%), ileal and colonic (41%), ileal with pancolitis (12%). Two PAL course profiles were observed: one with exacerbation and remissions (52%), the other without remission (48%), especially anal raggedness (100%), cavitating ulcers (80%) and skin tags (61%). Medical treatment included steroids (54%), metronidazole (53%), salicylates (51%), nutritional support (44%), azathioprine (17%). PAL healed in 41%. Surgical treatment was performed in 27% with 83% of healing. Relapses occurred in 35% after medical treatment and 86% after surgery.

Abscess↗

[Children who swallow air].

UNLABELLED: Gas in the gut derives from swallowed air, intra-luminal production and diffusion from the blood. Excessive swallowed air may cause pathologic aerophagy. CASE REPORTS: This report describes four children aged from 3 to 12 years with pathologic aerophagy due to excessive air swallowing. One of them had a "Gas Bloat Syndrome". Clinical presentation was very incongruous. However, the clinical features were characteristic: abdominal distention increasing throughout the day, associated with visible and often audible air swallowing and excessive flatus. The questioning and clinical examination helped for diagnosing. Medical symptomatic treatment was associated with a psychotherapy approach. CONCLUSION: A better recognition of this condition might contribute towards earlier diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

Postoperative outcome of Crohn's disease in 30 children.

BACKGROUND: Thirty children operated on for Crohn's disease (CD) were reviewed (1975-1994). The aim of the study was to assess their postoperative outcome. PATIENTS: 19 boys and 11 girls, aged 15.3 (2) years (range 11.3-20) at surgery were studied. RESULTS: Surgical indications were acute complications of CD and chronic intestinal illness. Six months after surgery, 11 of 12 patients had been weaned off steroids, and 22 of 23 patients were weaned off nutritional support; 17 patients without recurrence had a mean (SD) weight gain of 2.1 (8) kg and a height gain of 3.36 (3) cm. During 3.1 (2.7) years follow up, 12 patients (40%) had a recurrence of the disease after 19.4 (14) months (means (SD)): supra-anastomotic recurrence (six), severe perianal disease (two), and chronic illness (four). Six of 14 patients who were treated with mesalazine (13) or azathioprine (one) had recurrences. The postoperative recurrence rate was 50% at two years. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment modifies the immediate outcome of severe or complicated CD, but does not prevent recurrence, despite localised resection or prophylactic postoperative treatment. Extension of the disease before surgery seems to be a major risk factor for postoperative recurrence in children.

Adolescent↗