[Histiocytosis X in the hypothalamus area].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C F Lindboe
Publications and source records attributed to C F Lindboe.
Unusual nuclear inclusions in CNS macrophages of a man with encephalomyelitis and acquired immunodeficiency.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Comparative investigation of proliferation markers and their prognostic relevance in human meningiomas.
OBJECTIVE: In human meningiomas, histology alone does not always predict the clinical outcome. Proliferative activity has therefore, become a potential tool in the histopathological grading of these tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate different Ki67 antibodies on meningiomas, to compare their proliferation indices (PI) and with other proliferation markers, such as S-phase fraction and mitotic activity, and to see whether these factors correlate with histological tumor grade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 43 meningiomas graded according to the criteria of WHO and Jääskeläinen et al. [1985, 1986]. Paraffin sections were used for immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 antigen and flow-cytometric determination of S-phase fraction. RESULTS: The PIs displayed an overall increase with increasing histological grade, however, the range of values for benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas were wide, resulting in considerable overlap between the groups. There were for the most significant correlations between the different proliferation markers. CONCLUSIONS: Ki67-equivalent antibodies and S phase fraction have no advantage over counting mitoses to assess the proliferative activity in meningiomas. Thus, mitotic activity justifies its role in meningioma grading.
Adolescent↗
Brain weight: what does it mean?
The weights of the whole and various parts of 8 unfixed normal adult brains were determined at autopsy, and the relative weight of each part as compared with the total brain weight was calculated. On the average, the cerebrum accounted for 87% of the total brain weight, the cerebellum and brain stem for 13%, whereas the contribution of the attached upper spinal cord was negligible (< 2 g). The removed leptomeninges had a mean weight of 34.2 g (2.5% of the total brain weight), but they may reach 50 g. The slices of the cerebrum with removed leptomeninges weighed only 79.2 - 84.4% of the total brain weight. It is concluded that all scientific papers reporting brain weights should state whether the recordings are based upon fresh or fixed specimens and, in the latter case, the fixation procedures must be described accurately. Furthermore, it is of equal importance to indicate exactly the anatomic structures that have been weighed.
Adult↗
Prognostic significance of Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferation index in meningiomas.
Even though tumor grade, subtype, and extent of resection are strong prognostic factors in human meningiomas, the growth of this tumor is still unpredictable, and additional prognostic markers are needed. Thus, immunohistochemical determination of proliferative activity using the Ki-67 equivalent antibody MIB-1 has gained increased attention. However, the reported prognostic significance of this marker in meningiomas is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of MIB-1 proliferation index (PI) in a series of meningiomas comprising 23 benign, 17 atypical, and 9 anaplastic tumors. MIB- 1 PI increased with increasing tumor grade and discriminated significantly benign from atypical and anaplastic meningiomas whereas no difference was found between the latter two grades. However, due to the considerable overlap of PI values between the various grades, one should be circumspect before using this criterion for tumor grading. Furthermore, MIB-1 PIs were significantly higher in recurrent tumors compared with non-recurrent and a reliable MIB-1 PI cut-off value of 10% was established. This value, however, cannot automatically be adapted by other laboratories and must be regarded just as a guideline. In conclusion, MIB-1 PI appears as an important prognostic factor and should be used in combination with traditional histological criteria for malignancy in order to identify meningiomas with increased risk of recurrence.
Adult↗
The frequency of alcoholism and alcohol related brain disorders in various regions of Oslo city. An autopsy study.
The autopsy materials from the 5-year period 1983-1987 from Ullevål and Aker Hospitals in Oslo were reviewed. All cases with alcoholism were recorded and the histological sections were re-examined with regard to the presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcoholic cerebellar atrophy. The two materials were compared statistically in order to see whether any difference in the frequency of alcoholism and alcohol related brain disorders could be demonstrated between the geographic areas served by these two hospitals. The study revealed a significantly higher percentage of alcoholics in the Aker material which also had a higher proportion of alcoholics with cerebellar atrophy and Wernicke's encephalopathy, although not significant for the latter condition. These results indicate that alcoholism is particularly frequent in the north-eastern part of Oslo city and that this region also has a relatively high proportion of heavy drinkers.
Aged↗
Multiple neurilemmomas of the cauda equina, cavernous hemangioma of the spinal cord, and degeneration of the lateral corticospinal tracts in a man with the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Clinical and neuropathological findings of a 72-year-old man are reported who was thought to have had multiple sclerosis for 44 years. The main clinical symptom was a slowly progressive spastic tetraparesis, but during the last years he also developed bilateral neurogenic deafness, dysfunction of the urinary bladder and loss of vibratory and positional sensation in the legs. Autopsy revealed a unique combination of neuropathological findings, namely 1) multiple neurilemmomas of the cauda equina with loss of nerve fibers in dorsal roots and Goll's tracts, 2) symmetric fiber loss in the lateral corticospinal tracts throughout the spinal cord, and 3) a cavernous hemangioma of the lower thoracic spinal cord. No changes of multiple sclerosis were found. It is postulated that the patient may have had both neurofibromatosis and a sporadic or familial form of primary lateral sclerosis. The hemangioma in the spinal cord is probably unrelated to these two conditions, although it cannot be excluded that it represents a manifestation of von Recklinghausen's disease.
Aged↗
The neuromuscular system in patients with anorexia nervosa: electrophysiological and histologic studies.
The effects of cachexia on the neuromuscular system were investigated in ten young women with anorexia nervosa and in two patients with hysteric neurosis. Ten women, matched for age and height, served as controls. A neurologic examination was performed on all subjects and sensory and motor neurographic recordings were carried out in the upper and lower limbs. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity and the size and distribution of both histochemical fiber types (types 1 and 2) were determined. Both types of muscle fibers were found to be significantly reduced in size in the cachectic patients but there was a predominant affection of the type 2 fibers. The average numerical distribution of fiber types was almost identical in the two groups. By subjective evaluation, four of the cachectic patients revealed small groups of angulated atrophic fibers, resembling denervation atrophy. Fiber necroses and other myopathic changes were not seen. Although the nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were within normal range in all cases, the motor NCV was generally slower in the cachectic patients than in the controls. The sensory NCV, on the other hand, was almost identical in the two groups. Five of the patients with anorexia nervosa and both cases with hysteric neurosis had clinical signs of a very mild sensory polyneuropathy. These seven cases had a lower body-mass index than the others and both types of muscle fibers and muscle responses were somewhat smaller in these cases. The sensory NCV did not differ from those of the other patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
ACTH and TSH producing ectopic suprasellar pituitary adenoma of the hypothalamic region: case report.
A 34-year-old woman with a long-term history of amenorrhoea, headache and visual disturbances was operated for a hypothalamic tumor which could be completely removed. Postoperatively the patient developed a transient SIADH-syndrome and deep vein thrombosis; otherwise the clinical course was uneventful. There has been no sign of tumor recurrence at a follow-up period of fifteen months. Histological examination of the tumor revealed an ectopic pituitary adenoma with production of ACTH and TSH shown by immunohistochemistry.
Adenoma↗
Lhermitte-Duclos disease and giant meningioma as manifestations of Cowden's disease.
A 43-year-old man with synchronous occurrence of Lhermitte-Duclos disease (dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum) and a giant meningioma with subcutaneous infiltration is reported. Subsequent examinations revealed typical manifestations of Cowden's disease (multiple hamartomaneoplasia syndrome), i.e. mucocutaneous lesions and increased head circumference. Our findings support the view that there is a correlation between Lhermitte-Duclos disease and Cowden's disease. We conclude that all patients with Lhermitte-Duclos disease should be thoroughly examined with regard to Cowden's disease, which necessitates lifelong follow-up with screening for neoplasia in various organ systems. The occurrence of both Lhermitte-Duclos disease and a meningioma as part of the Cowden's symptom complex is very rare and to our knowledge only one case with this combination of lesions has previously been reported.
Adult↗
Leptomeningeal lipomatous hamartoma overlying a midline cleft of the ventral pons.
Intracranial lipomatous hamartomas (lipomas) are of maldevelopmental nature and have a predilection for the midsagittal plane. They are often associated with malformations of the CNS and other organ systems. It is reported an asymptomatic lipomatous hamartoma of the ventral pontine leptomeninges and a midline cleft of the subjacent pons discovered incidentally at autopsy of an 80-year-old man. Review of the literature shows that this type of lesion at the ventral pons has not been reported previously.
Aged↗
The frequency of Lewy bodies in a consecutive autopsy series.
In a consecutive autopsy series comprising 284 subjects > or = 50 years, 22 cases (7.7%) revealed Lewy bodies (LBs) of whom 21 had LBs in substantia nigra and/or locus ceruleus and 9 (3.2%) in the cerebral cortex. Only one case had cortical LBs without concomitant inclusions in the brain stem. The mean age of subjects with LBs was significantly higher than in those without (78.0 vs. 72.3 years). Cortical LBs had not been demonstrated in routine HE stains in any case and their identification necessitated the use of staining for ubiquitin. Although great care was taken not to interpret globose neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as LBs, anti-tau staining revealed that many of the suspected LBs were in fact NFTs. Thus, we recommend to apply both anti-ubiquitin and anti-tau staining for the demonstration of cortical LBs. In this material 21 of the 22 cases with LBs (95.5%) also revealed Alzheimer type of pathology as compared with 187 of 262 cases without LBs (71.4%). This difference may be explained by the higher age of subjects with LBs. Altogether 96 of the 284 cases (33.8%) had cerebrovascular lesions. None of the 9 cases with cortical LBs were clinically demented, and our results do not support the assertion that Lewy body-associated dementias should outnumber those of vascular origins.
Aged↗
Epiperikaryal synaptophysin reactivity in the normal human central nervous system.
An epiperikaryal synaptophysin immunoreactivity has been regarded as an indicator of neoplastic or otherwise abnormal neurons and this staining property serves as an important criterion to distinguish between normal and abnormal neurons. In the present study we have investigated the epiperikaryal synaptophysin reactivity in various regions of the normal human central nervous system by using autopsy materials from 11 subjects aged 3 months-86 years. We found a definite but variable staining of the brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons as well as the cerebellar Purkinje cells. A particular strong and consistent reactivity was seen in neurons of the cerebellar nuclei in which also axons and dendrites were labelled to a variable extent. This type of neuronal staining was never observed in the cerebrum. We therefore conclude that the employment of this staining property as a criterion for abnormal neurons should be used with caution in the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord whereas it may be used more safely in the cerebrum.
Adolescent↗