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Biomedical subjects

C F Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to C F Johnson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Child abuse and neglect in Japan: coin-operated-locker babies.

The coin-operated-locker baby is a type of child abuse that may be unique to Japan. The term refers to newborns who are placed, while alive or dead, in coin-operated lockers. This practice has been decreased by specific measures. It is likely that social and economic variables in Japan account for differences in the frequency and types of child abuse cases when compared to American or European societies as social conditions in Japan change the reported incidence of child abuse may increase in the future. Recently, the government of Osaka organized a group specifically designed to deal with the detection and protection of abused and neglected children. In 1993, they published a manual on how to deal with child abuse, but the Japanese judicial administration still uses old laws for abuse cases. The development of new laws is occurring in parts of the country now. This paper introduces the present status of coping with child abuse and neglect in Japan.

Child↗
PubMed1995

The incidence of unsuspected metastases from clinically benign prostate glands with latent prostate carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how many latent prostate gland carcinomas (unsuspected carcinomas in clinically benign prostate glands) metastasize. DESIGN: The prostate glands and the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes were removed at autopsy from 209 consecutive patients with clinically benign prostate glands. The prostate glands were completely sectioned and examined microscopically using full cross sections. Pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes were identified and examined microscopically for metastases. RESULTS: Seventy-nine (38%) of the prostate glands had latent prostate carcinomas. None of the pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes contained metastases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that few latent prostate-gland carcinomas metastasize.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Renin-secreting juxtaglomerular tumor causing severe hypertension: diagnosis by computerized tomography-directed needle biopsy.

Renin-secreting tumors are a rare cause of severe hypertension accompanied by hypokalemia. Typically, these tumors have been difficult to diagnose preoperatively by standard radiographic and hormonal studies. We describe a 44-year-old man who was hospitalized for paroxysmal hypertension and who had a 2.3 cm. mid upper pole renal mass on sonography. Computerized tomography-directed needle biopsy revealed a juxtaglomerular tumor and surgical excision of the tumor was curative. We discuss the unique diagnostic aspects of this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inflicted injury versus accidental injury.

The morbidity and mortality that are associated with child abuse is a serious concern for the practicing pediatrician. If abuse is to be prevented, physicians must become skilled in recognizing factors that place a child at risk for abuse. Early and minor signs of abuse and neglect must be recognized and reported to assure services if more serious abuse and neglect are to be prevented. Instruments that are used to strike children or burn them leave their imprint on the child. Marks on the skin may signal the existence of internal injuries. Nonaccidental injuries may be difficult to distinguish from accidental injuries. Physicians must approach an injury as a symptom requiring a diagnosis of cause. This is best accomplished by careful examination and documentation of each injury. If the injury is not in keeping with the history given or the child's level of development, abuse must be considered as a cause. A suspicion of abuse should result in a report.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Walker-related burns in infants and toddlers.

During one year, four (6.5%) of the 61 children who were hospitalized for burns at a children's hospital sustained their injuries in a walker. Records from a total of nine children hospitalized with walker burns were compared to those from other hospitalized burned children. Patients who were burned while in a walker had a greater body surface area burned (11.6%) than those with burns from abuse (1.7%), neglect (2.5%), or other accidents (6.2%). A higher percentage of males were burned, and the burn patterns differed among all four groups. Seven of the nine walker burns resulted from scalds, with three scalds from hot grease. Walker-related burn patients required more physical or occupational therapy and a longer mean hospital stay. Social histories of infants with walker and other accidental burns differed from those associated with abuse or neglect. Walkers expose infants to unnecessary hazards, including potentially serious burns; their use should be discouraged.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1990

The hand as a target organ in child abuse.

The authors reviewed the abuse reports submitted by the staff of The Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, to determine the incidence and types of injuries inflicted to children's hands. The authors did not study hand injuries in children who were not reported as physically abused. The authors examined two time periods to ascertain changes injury severity. Of the 631 abuse reports submitted from 1980 to 1982, there were 52 injuries (8.2%) involving the hands. From July 1987 to July 1988 there were 42 hand injuries (13.4%) among 313 reports. In the 94 total cases, 19 (2%) children sustained injury to the hand only, including eight with burns, two with bruises, two with human bites, two with erythema, two with fractures, and one with a laceration. Children with burns to the hand alone were significantly younger than those with other types of injuries. Of the 94 children with hand and other injuries, 18 (20%) required hospital admission. Of the 19 with injuries to the hand only, five required hospital admission. A variety of instruments were used to injure these children. The hand is a delicate organ, and it is frequently the primary or incidental target of child abuse. Familiarity with the patterns and types of hand injury suffered in child abuse is essential for early recognition, reporting, and child protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sex abuse prevention programs: offenders' attitudes about their efficacy.

Little scientific basis exists for the content of school-based programs which are intended to help children protect themselves from sexual abuse. Children are taught about protecting themselves from a stereotypical old male stranger, yet perpetrators are most frequently young, known to the victim, and use a variety of methods to gain access to children. Programs generally include concepts of body ownership, acceptable touching, good vs. bad secrets, saying no, telling, and trusting one's intuition. Seventy-two prison inmates incarcerated for child sexual abuse were surveyed to evaluate their attitudes about the effectiveness of topics intended to prevent abuse. Offenders described the ideal victim and the modus operandi they used to involve children. Inmates indicated which topics in prevention programs they believed were efficacious and which topics would have little value in preventing abuse. Responses of incestuous and nonincestuous abusers were compared. Inmates indicated that parents could help prevent child abuse and that they must be involved if programs are to be effective. Information from abusers is useful and can be incorporated into programs if the potential for prevention of abuse is to be improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bruising and hemophilia: accident or child abuse?

Recognition and prompt reporting of suspect child abuse or neglect is necessary to institute programs aimed at preventing further neglect, re-injury or possible death. The families of children with chronic medical conditions, such as hemophilia, may be affected by economic and emotional stresses which may be expressed as abuse or neglect. Because the manifestations of even slight trauma are so common in children with bleeding problems, the physician may not routinely inquire about the cause of injury, delays in seeking medical attention, or accident prevention efforts in the home. Early referral of children with hemophilia to a multidisciplinary team providing medical, psychological, and social care is recommended.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1988

Constricting bands. Manifestations of possible child abuse. Case reports and a review.

Bands around extremities may be from congenital, infectious, accidental, or purposeful causes. The older child may reveal the cause of self-inflicted or caregiver-inflicted banding. Banding in a nonverbal child will challenge the diagnostic acumen of the physician. Bands of unknown cause, or bands that may have been placed purposefully by a caretaker, must be reported as possible child abuse. Failure of the caretaker to seek help for the consequences of a band may suggest that the bands were intentionally placed. This failure may also be construed as medical neglect. Four cases of banding, which were referred to a child abuse program for consultation, are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Do physicians recognize sexual abuse?

The dramatic increase in the incidence of reports of sexual abuse has placed demands on physicians to assess children for possible sexual abuse. We conducted a survey of urban pediatricians to determine their knowledge of and attitudes about sexual abuse. These physicians were found to have limited knowledge about the social and medical aspects of sexual abuse. The lack of knowledge these physicians display about prepubescent female anatomy and about the association of venereal diseases with sexual abuse decreases their recognition and reporting of sexual abuse. There is a need for physicians to improve their knowledge and skills in the diagnosis of sexual abuse if further abuse and its serious consequences are to be minimized.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

The metastatic potential of prostate carcinomas composed entirely of single malignant glands.

Consecutive staging lymphadenectomies on 1046 patients with prostate carcinoma identified 275 patients with metastases in a total of 1115 regional lymph nodes. No prostate carcinomas composed entirely of single malignant glands metastasized and no patient had metastases composed entirely of single malignant glands. All prostate carcinomas that metastasized had cribriform and/or undifferentiated histological patterns in the prostate and in the metastases. These findings suggest that identification of cribriform and/or undifferentiated histological patterns, through rebiopsy or further examination of the surgical specimen, should be considered prior to subjecting patients with prostate carcinomas composed entirely of single malignant glands to therapy or procedures directed against the possibility of metastatic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Child abuse diagnosis and the emergency department chart.

Failure to uncover and report nonaccidental injury may have serious consequences for the child and the physician. To determine if the information recorded in the emergency department record was adequate to eliminate the possibility of nonaccidental injury, the charts of 333 children under five years of age were reviewed. No charts contained all the information deemed necessary; in 12.6% a diagnosis of nonaccidental injury could not be eliminated. In three cases, the injury was inconsistent with the history. Missing historical information included where the injury occurred, the presence of witnesses, notation of previous injuries, and old chart review. Information regarding size, color, and age of the injury was incomplete. A complete examination was recorded 22.3% of the time. The private-pay category charts and those recorded by staff were most complete. Remedial actions, guided by periodic chart reviews, are suggested.

Child Abuse↗