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Biomedical subjects

C F Chang

Publications and source records attributed to C F Chang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of gonadal steroids on brain serotonergic and aromatase activity during the critical period of sexual differentiation in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus.

The effects of gonadal steroids on brain serotonin (5-HT) and aromatase activity during the critical period of sexual differentiation were investigated in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Treatment of tilapia with 17beta-oestradiol (E2) between days 7 and 10 posthatching resulted in a significant increase in the female : male ratio as determined at day 90, and a significant reduction in brain 5-HT content. Treatment between days 10 and 20, or between days 20 and 30, had no significant effect. Since the 5-HT system may influence sexual differentiation, we examined the effects of para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor. As with E2, treatment of tilapia with p-CPA between days 7 and 10 posthatching resulted in a significant increase in the female : male ratio. Again, treatment between days 10 and 20, or between days 20 and 30, had no significant effect. Both p-CPA and E2 significantly depressed brain aromatase activity when administrated between days 7 and 10, but not subsequently. In tilapia treated between days 7 and 10, the brain 5-HT content was lowered by E2 to an extent similar to that seen with p-CPA, which is consistent with the suggestion that the effect of E2 on sexual differentiation may be mediated by the 5-HT system. Treatment of tilapia with 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT), by contrast, resulted in a reduction in the female : male ratio, and treatment was most effective when given between days 10 and 20. The period of maximal effect of MT upon sex ratio appears to coincide with the ability of MT to induce an increase in brain aromatase activity.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Modulation of CD157 expression in multi-lineage myeloid differentiation of promyelocytic cell lines.

CD157/BST-1 is expressed on mature myeloid cells but not on their precursors in vivo. Also CD38, a homologous gene to CD157, is upregulated in promyelocytic HL-60 cells by the monocyte and granulocyte differentiation-inducing 1alpha,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), respectively. We have examined whether CD157 expression is upregulated when the promyeloid HL-60 and/or U937 cells are induced to differentiate into mature phenotypes in vitro. VD3 treatment irreversibly upregulated the expression of CD157 in HL-60 cells but not in U937 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when analyzed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and/or RT-PCR. Different monocyte and granulocyte lineage inducers induced CD157 expression to varying extents while the macrophage differentiation-inducing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced its down-regulation. Time-kinetics of VD3 treatment of HL-60 cells showed that the appearance of CD157 and CD11b (a differentiation marker) antigens were not substantial up to 24 hours but increased subsequently although the appearance of CD38 became significant within 6 hours. Two-color staining of VD3-treated HL-60 cells displayed an apparently linear correlation between CD157 and CD11b expression. Dibutyryl cAMP (cAMP agonist) and forskolin (cAMP-increasing agent) augmented the VD3-dependent induction of CD157 and CD11b expression while PGE1 (cAMP-decreasing agent) inhibited it, suggesting the involvement of a cAMP-dependent mechanism in VD3-induced CD157 upregulation. Co-treatment of HL-60 cells with VD3 plus TNF-alpha or ara-C produced an additive effect on CD157 upregulation. The upregulated CD157 in the VD3-differentiated HL-60 cells was able to activate CD157-dependent tyrosine kinase signal when cross-linked with anti-CD157 antibody.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed2000

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent infection in a pony vaccinated with a Borrelia burgdorferi recombinant OspA vaccine and challenged by exposure to naturally infected ticks.

A pony was vaccinated with recombinant OspA vaccine (rOspA) and then exposed 3 months later to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks (Ixodes scapularis) collected in Westchester County, N.Y. At 2 weeks after tick exposure, the pony developed a high fever (105 degrees F). Buffy coat smears showed that 20% of neutrophils contained ehrlichial inclusion bodies (morulae). Flunixin Meglumine (1 g daily) was given for 2 days, and the body temperature returned to normal. PCR for ehrlichial DNA was performed on blood samples for 10 consecutive days beginning when the pony was first febrile. This pony was monitored for another 3.5 months but developed no further clinical signs. The 44-kDa immunodominant human granulocytic ehrlichiosis antigen gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into a pCR2.1 vector. DNA sequence analysis of this gene showed it was only 8 bp different (99% identity) from the results reported by others (J. W. Ijdo et al., Infect. Immun. 66:3264-3269, 1998). Western blot analysis, growth inhibition assays, and repeated attempts to isolate B. burgdorferi all demonstrated the pony was protected against B. burgdorferi infection. These results highlight the potential for ticks to harbor and transmit several pathogens simultaneously, which further complicates the diagnosis and vaccination of these emerging tick-borne diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Experimental infection of ponies with Borrelia burgdorferi by exposure to Ixodid ticks.

Seven specific-pathogen-free (SPF) ponies, 1-5 years old, were exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected adult ticks while being treated with dexamethasone over 5 consecutive days. One SPF pony (pony No. 178) was first exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs without B. burgdorferi infection and 3 weeks later was exposed to B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks with concurrent dexamethasone treatment for 5 consecutive days. Four uninfected ponies treated with dexamethasone, exposed to laboratory-reared ticks without B. burgdorferi infection served as uninfected controls. Clinical signs, bacteriologic culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial DNA, immunologic responses, and gross lesions and histopathologic changes were investigated during the experiment or at necropsy 9 months after tick exposure. In all of the seven challenged ponies, infection with B. burgdorferi was detected from monthly skin biopsies and various tissues at postmortem examination by culture and by PCR. However, pony No. 178 exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs (without B. burgdorferi infection) and challenged with B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks 2 months later did not develop a B. burgdorferi infection. All of the infected ponies seroconverted. Control ponies and pony No. 178 were negative by culture, PCR, and serology. Except for skin lesions, we failed to induce any significant histopathologic changes in this study. This is the first report of successful tick-induced experimental infection in ponies by exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected ticks. This Lyme disease model will be very useful to evaluate efficacy of vaccines against the Lyme agent and the effect of antibiotic therapy on horses infected with B. burgdorferi.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Change of core conflicts of schizophrenic patients who received brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: a pilot study in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the change of core conflicts of schizophrenic patients who received brief psychodynamic psychotherapy (BPP). METHODS: The change of core conflicts and relationship patterns over dynamic psychotherapy sessions were assessed by the core conflictual relationship theme (CCRT) method. Patients were enrolled either from the psychiatric outpatient department or day hospital in a medical center. Transcripts of psychotherapy sessions were used for CCRT analysis. In each extracted transcript, 3 components, i.e., wishes, responses from others and responses of self, were identified and were used to formulate the CCRT. CCRT pervasiveness was calculated to compare the change of each component from early to late sessions. RESULTS: The main other person most frequently mentioned was the family member. The changes of positive and negative responses of self were found to be statistically significant. Wishes were not so pervasive as those of non-psychotic patients. A high drop-out rate characterized the schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: Self-understanding and self-control may well explain the significant change in responses of self, even in patients with essentially poor ego strength like schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The study on core conflictual relationship of short-term counseling.

This study utilizes the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT; Luborsky and Crits-Christoph, 1997) on process study of short-term counseling. The purpose was to evaluate the formation and variation of interpersonal conflicts presented by nine clients, so as to enhance the understanding of the core conflicts of each client and how these clients were influenced by short-term counseling. CCRT was conducted by two raters to analyze the content of core conflictual relationship themes. The raters started with taking a twenty-minute vignette from four tapes of the counseling sessions which were the 1st, 2nd, 11th and the 12th. A transcript was taken for each session and the raters searched for relationship episodes (REs) in it. Further, other main persons were identified in REs. Three components, including wish(W), response from others(RO), and response of self(RS) were investigated and analyzed. The raters calculated the appearance frequency of each component and transferred them into formulation of relationship theme in written language. The findings are as follows. (1) The interrater reliabilities between the two raters over W, RO, RS are significant (Kappa = .21-.82, P < .01) (2) The most frequently described other main persons in 201 REs were 'clleague' (N = 87, 43. 3%), the second 'self' (N = 42, 32.8%) and the third 'family members' (N = 41, 20. 4%). The first three described wishes were 'to assert self and be independent' (N = 66, 32.8%), 'to be close and accepted' (N = 48, 23.9%), and 'to be loved and understood' (N = 35, 17.4%) (3) The change of pervasiveness scores of each component in terms of positive and negative responses evaluated by t-test were found to decrease significantly in NRO (r = -2.73, p < .05). The score was most significantly decreased in 'rejecting and opposing' item (t = -3.83, p < .01). Conclusions and suggestions regarding application of the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme analytical and categorization methods in the Chinese context are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hepatopancreas is the likely organ of vitellogenin synthesis in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the source of vitellogenin in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Ovarian development of M. rosenbergii was classified into five stages (stage I-V). Vitellin/vitellogenin was detected in the ovary and the hepatopancreas in different stages by native-PAGE and Western blotting. Two and three subunits of vitellin were observed in the ovary at the early- (I-II), mid- and late- (III-V) stages, respectively. The subunit of vitellogenin was not detected in the hepatopancreas at different stages of prawns. Hepatopancreas had positive immunocytological staining (against vitellin antibody) in different ovarian stages of prawn. Only vitellogenic oocyte but not previtellogenic oocytes and follicle cells had a positive immunocytological staining. Hepatopancreas could synthesize radiolabeled immunoreactive proteins after incubation with radiolabeled glycine on the basis of immunoprecipitation (against vitellin antiserum). Therefore, it is concluded that hepatopancreas is the most likely organ to synthesize vitellogenin in the freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Vaccination against lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A (rOspA) in horses.

Eight 1-year-old ponies were vaccinated with recombinant OspA (ospA gene derived from B. burgdorferi B31) with adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide). Four ponies were used as non-vaccinated controls with adjuvant. One hundred and twelve days after the first vaccination, the vaccinated and non-vaccinated ponies were challenged by exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected adults tick (Ixodes scapularis) collected from Westchester County, New York (tick infection rate >/=60%). Protection from infection was evaluated by culture for B. burgdorferi from three monthly skin biopsies taken near the site of tick bites. B. burgdorferi was not isolated from any of the vaccinated ponies. In contrast, three of four control ponies challenged by tick exposure were skin culture positive. At the time of tick exposure, vaccinated ponies had antibody to B. burgdorferi demonstrable by KELA (kinetic-ELISA), western blot and a serum growth inhibition assay. Antibodies in the challenge control ponies were only detectable by two to three months after tick exposure and remained at intermediate levels until termination of the study. By western blot analysis, antibodies to OspA first appeared in the sera of vaccinated ponies three weeks after the first vaccination. The absence of additional bands, known to develop when the animal is infected, suggests that infection was blocked after tick exposure of vaccinated ponies. Results from this study show that vaccination with recombinant OspA protected ponies against infection after experimental challenge with B. burgdorferi-infected ticks.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Academic managed care organizations and adverse selection under Medicaid managed care in Tennessee.

CONTEXT: Health plans competing in a managed care system may face serious financial consequences if they are disproportionately selected by enrollees with expensive health conditions. Academic medical centers (AMCs) have traditionally provided medical care for the sickest patients and may be at particularly high risk for adverse selection, but whether this occurs is not known. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether managed care organizations (MCOs) representing AMCs are adversely selected by Medicaid managed care (MMC) enrollees with expensive chronic health conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study using state Medicaid claims data from all of 1994 and January to August 1995 for Tennessee's statewide MMC program (TennCare). PARTICIPANTS: All 12 capitated MCOs in Tennessee, which collectively provided services for 1.2 million Medicaid enrollees from January 1994 through August 1995 following the initiation of TennCare. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of 6 state-specified high-cost chronic conditions-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), coagulation defects, cystic fibrosis, pregnancy, prematurity, and organ transplantation-and 27 additional high-cost conditions compared by academic, statewide, and regional MCOs. RESULTS: The prevalence of state-specified high-cost chronic conditions was generally higher for academic MCOs compared with other MCOs. Specifically, prevalence of AIDS was 14.1 times higher in academic MCOs than in statewide MCOs; coagulation defects, 6.4 times higher; transplantations, 4.4; pregnancy, 3.3; cystic fibrosis, 2.4; and prevalence of prematurity was equivalent. Prevalence was higher for academic than for statewide MCOs for 22 of the additional 27 high-cost conditions considered and similar for the remaining 5 conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that academic MCOs in an MMC system are selected by a large percentage of the sickest patients. Adverse selection may present serious financial risks for AMCs participating in managed care.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1999

Mutant PTR1 proteins from Leishmania tarentolae: comparative kinetic properties and active-site labeling.

PTR1, the gene promoting MTX resistance following gene amplification or DNA transfection in Leishmania tarentolae and selected mutants, has been cloned and heavily overexpressed (>100 mg/liter) in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). Protein has been purified, essentially to homogeneity, in two steps, via ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl. The active proteins are tetramers and display optimal pteridine reductase activity at pH 6.0 using biopterin as substrate and NADPH as the reduced dinucleotide cofactor. 2,4-Diaminopteridine substrate analogues are strong competitive inhibitors (K(i) approximately 38 --> 3 nM) against the pterin substrate and both NADP(+) and folate are inhibitors although somewhat weaker. Dihydropteridines are poor substrates compared to the fully oxidized pteridine. Kinetic analysis affords the usual Michaelis constants and in addition shows that inhibition by NADP(+) allows the formation of ternary nonproductive complexes with folate. The kinetic results are consistent with a sequential ordered bi-bi kinetic mechanism in which first NADPH and then pteridine bind to the free enzyme. Sequence comparisons suggest that PTR1 belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family containing an amino-terminal glycine-rich dinucleotide binding site plus a catalytic Y(Xaa)(3)K motif. In accord with this observation, the mutants K16A, Y37D, and R39A and the double mutants K17A:R39A and Y37D:R39A all show a two- to threefold lower binding affinity for NADPH and exhibit low or zero activity. Two Y(Xaa)(3)K regions are present in wild-type PTR1 at 152 and 194. Only Y194F gives protein with zero activity. This observation coupled with affinity labeling of PTR1 by oNADP(+) (2', 3'-dialdehyde derivative of NADP(+)) followed by NaBH(4) reduction, V8 protease digestion, and mass spectral analysis suggests that the motif participating in catalysis is that at 194. The mutation K198Q eliminates inactivation by oNADP(+) supporting the hypothesis that K198 is associated with nucleotide orientation, as has been demonstrated for similar lysine residues in other members of the SDR family.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

NADP+-Dependent internalization of recombinant CD38 in CHO cells.

CD38 is a 46-kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein that catalyses the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+. cADPR is a second messenger known to regulate intracellular Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR). A recent study has revealed that CD38 in Namalwa B cells undergoes internalization upon exposure to external NAD+. In this study, recombinant rat CD38 was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the possibility of the protein to undergo internalization upon exposure to a substrate analog NADP+ was examined. It was found that such treatment of CHO cells resulted in a decrease of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, as well as immunofluorescence of CD38 on the cell surface. The same treatment of CHO cells also resulted in intracellular clustering of CD38 molecules as revealed by confocal microscopic analysis. The internalized CD38 was purified using a streptavidin/biotin-based method and was found to exhibit both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities. On immunoblot, the internalized CD38 appeared as a monomer of 46 kDa under reducing condition of SDS-PAGE. Our data demonstrate that NADP+ can efficiently induce internalization of CD38, a process that may be important in the production of cADPR intracellularly to regulate CICR.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1999

Characterization and localization of CD38 in the vertebrate eye.

CD38 is a 42-kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been shown to catalyze the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose, a metabolite with well-known calcium mobilizing properties independent of IP3. In this report, characterization and localization of CD38 in the porcine and rat eyes were carried out. Western blot analysis of a purified microsomal eye extract detected a single 42-kDa protein band characteristic of CD38. Subcellular fractionation studies indicate the presence of ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NADase activities in the nuclear, membrane and microsomal fractions. Immunohistochemical staining of the rat retina showed the expression of CD38 in three distinct layers: the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer and the pigmented epithelium. In the lens, the lenticular epithelium and lens cells were also immunoreactive for CD38 while in the ciliary body, both the pigmented and non-pigmented epithelium also showed the presence of CD38. For the first time, the presence of CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase was detected in the vertebrate eye.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1999

Novel kinetics, behaviour and cell-type specificity of CD157-mediated tyrosine kinase signalling.

CD157, a recently characterized leukocyte surface antigen, has recently been shown to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a 130-kDa protein (p130) when cross-linked with its antibody (ligand). We have further investigated the detailed kinetics, behaviour and cell-type specificity of this CD157-stimulated p130 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that CD157-mediated p130 phosphorylation is ligand independent in recombinant CD157-expressing CHO, MCA102 and COS-7 cells but is ligand dependent in HL-60-differentiated monocytes (mHL-60) having enhanced CD157 expression. This p130 phosphorylation is activated only at lower temperatures (0-4 degrees C) in MCA102, COS-7 and mHL-60 cells but is temperature insensitive in CHO cells. We further demonstrate that the CHO/CD157 cell clones have approximately 22-28% slower rates of proliferation than that of a CHO/mock clone. But the MCA102 cell proliferation remains unaffected by CD157 expression. We postulate that the difference in the temperature sensitivity of p130 phosphorylation can be responsible for the discrepancy in the rates of MCA102/CD157 and CHO/CD157 cell proliferation.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1999

Dioscorin, the major tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas decne) with carbonic anhydrase and trypsin inhibitor activities.

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne), was purified successively by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52 ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 column. Two protein bands (82 and 28 kDa) were found under nonreducing conditions after SDS-PAGE; but only one band (32 kDa) was detected under reducing conditions. The first 21 amino acids in the N-terminal region of the 28 kDa form were VEDEFSYIEGNPNGPENWGNL, which was highly homologous to deductive sequence of dioscorin from cDNA of another yam species (Dioscoreacayenensis Lam) reported by Conlan et al. (Plant Mol. Biol. 1995, 28, 369-380). Hewett-Emmett and Tashian (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1996, 5, 50 -77) mentioned that, according to DNA alignments, dioscorin from yam (D. cayenensis) was alpha-carbonic anhydrase (alpha-CA) related. In this report, we found that the purified dioscorin showed both CA dehydration activity using sodium bicarbonate as a substrate and CA activity staining after SDS-PAGE. A polyclonal antibody, which was raised against trypsin inhibitor (TI), a storage protein of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam var. Tainong 57), cross-reacted with dioscorin, which also showed TI activity determined by both activity staining after SDS-PAGE and trypsin inhibition determination.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Influence of endoscopic variceal ligation on oesophageal motility.

BACKGROUND: To determine the change of oesophageal manometry in patients with oesophageal varices before and after oesophageal variceal ligation (EVL). METHODS: Forty-five patients who had liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with high risk of bleeding were managed by EVL. Oesophageal manometry was performed just prior to the ligation and 4-6 weeks after obliteration of varices. Another 45 age- and sex-matched patients without hepatic, oesophageal or systemic disease served as the control group. RESULTS: At 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the amplitude of the contractive wave was significantly lower in patients before EVL (56.9 +/- 31.8 vs 80.1 +/- 30.1, P< 1.05) and returned to the level of control subjects after EVL (76.5 +/- 37.0 vs 80.1 +/- 30.1, P> 0.05). At 10 cm above LES, the amplitude of the contractive wave was significantly lower in patients before and after EVL than the control group (54.3 +/- 29.2 vs 68.1 +/- 29.5, 54.2 +/- 26.0 vs 68.1 +/- 29.5, respectively, P< 0.05). The percentage of tertiary waves was significantly higher in patients before and after EVL than in the control group (31.4 +/- 36.6 vs 5.8 +/- 15.1, 26.9 +/- 32.9 vs 5.8 +/- 15.1, respectively, P< 0.05). However, no significant swallowing disturbance was noted in patients after EVL. There was significantly greater LES length in patients before EVL (4.0 +/- 0.9 vs 3.4 +/- 0.7, P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the LES length after EVL as compared with the control group. Eighty-six per cent (39/45) of patients developed paraoesophageal varices and 31% (14/45) developed new varices 6 months after variceal obliteration. However, there was no significant difference in manometry at the time of variceal obliteration between patients with variceal recurrence and those without. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of varices affected oesophageal motility. However, such abnormality had little clinical significance. Endoscopic variceal ligation normalized oesophageal motility and may not induce abnormal oesophageal motility. The manometric change can not be used to predict the recurrence of varices in cirrhotic patients after variceal obliteration.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1999

New technologies for diagnosing and monitoring glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: Recently, instruments have been developed to provide real-time, quantitative measurements of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) for use in glaucoma management. Our objective is to (1) provide an overview of two of these instruments, the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, HRT) and scanning laser polarimeter (Nerve Fiber Analyzer, NFA) and (2) compare measurements obtained with these instruments to clinical features used in the diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS: Twenty glaucoma patients, 4 normal subjects and 20 glaucoma subjects were included. All subjects had images obtained with the HRT and NFA, and RNFL and optic disc photography completed within 5 weeks of each other. The HRT results were compared with qualitative evaluation of stereophotographs of the optic disc, and NFA results were compared against a semi-quantitative RNFL photograph severity score. RESULTS: Twenty-five (57%) subjects had thinning of the neuroretinal rim identified by evaluation of stereoscopic optic disc photographs. Despite overlap, HRT measurements of rim volume, rim area, and rim/disc ratio were significantly smaller in eyes with evidence of rim thinning than in eyes with no evidence of rim thinning. Moderate to severe RNFL damage was detected by evaluation of photographs in 25 (57%) of subjects. NFA RNFL thickness measures were smaller in eyes with moderate to severe RNFL damage than in relatively healthy eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have documented the reproducibility of these instruments and suggested analytic techniques for improving their ability to differentiate between normal and glaucoma eyes. Our results indicate that despite overlap in values, these instruments provide measurements that reflect clinically relevant features of the optic disc and RNFL. Whether these technologies can improve our ability to detect glaucomatous progression over time needs to be determined with well-designed longitudinal studies and comparison with established diagnostic techniques for evaluating glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The isolation and sequence of canine interleukin-8 receptor.

A cDNA corresponding to canine IL-8 receptor has been cloned and sequenced. The cDNA was synthesized using RT-PCR, with oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved regions of published IL-8 receptors. The 5'-end was cloned by 5'-RACE and the 3'-end was cloned by 3'-RACE. The cDNA encodes a predicted full length IL-8r protein of 356 amino acids. At the nucleic acid level, the canine cDNA shows 83.9%, 82.4%/78.8%, 81.5%/78%, 81.4%/77.7%, 77.8% and 77.3%/71.9% identity to published sequences of bovine, human, gorilla, rabbit, mouse and rat IL8RB/IL8RA, respectively. The derived protein from the cDNA sequences shows 75.3%/70.3%, 75.3%/70.1%, 74.8%/69.4%, 70%/59%, and 69.7% identity to that of human, rabbit, gorilla, rat and mouse IL8RB/IL8RA homolog.

5' Untranslated Regions↗