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Biomedical subjects

C F Burrows

Publications and source records attributed to C F Burrows.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The use of retrievable electrodes for recording gastric myoelectric activity after spontaneous gastric dilatation volvulus in dogs.

Gastric myoelectric activity was measured in 10 dogs with spontaneous gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Myoelectric activity was recorded with temporary, retrievable wire electrodes placed on the serosal surface of the stomach after derotation and tube gastrostomy. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 1 hour daily, beginning with the day of surgery (less than 24 hours), 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after surgery. Recordings were also obtained for 1 hour daily after feeding, beginning 24 hours after surgery. Bradygastria was the predominate dysrhythmia immediately after surgery and at hour 24. The mean slow wave frequency was more than normal at hours 48 to 168 due to an increase in tachygastria and arrhythmias. The slow wave frequency significantly decreased after feeding at hours 120 and 144. The overall mean percentage of dysrhythmias was significantly decreased after feeding at hour 72 only. The mean percentage of spike activity ranged from 37.7 +/- 12.5 to 75.7 +/- 6.2 throughout the 8-day study period. Thus, gastric myoelectric activity was disrupted in these dogs with spontaneous GDV and subsequent tube gastrostomy. Feeding did not greatly diminish these dysrhythmias.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A grading system for lymphocytic plasmacytic colitis in dogs.

Colonic mucosal samples were obtained every 4 weeks for 13 months from 6 clinically normal dogs and from 47 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. All samples were graded on a scale of 0-5, based upon the quantity of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria, epithelial changes, and the presence of ulcers and erosions. A grade of less than or equal to 2.0 was considered normal and was assigned to 77 of 78 samples from clinically normal dogs and 28 of 48 samples from dogs with diarrhea. A transient increase in cellularity was noted in 1 sample from 1 control dog. Nineteen dogs with clinical disease had obvious histologic abnormalities. The grading scheme described provides the pathologist with an objective criterion for the microscopic evaluation of colonic mucosal samples obtained by endoscopic techniques and offers clinicians a method of assessing the dog's progress and response to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a colonic lavage solution to prepare the colon of the dog for colonoscopy.

Ten dogs were given 3 different doses (60, 80, and 100 ml/kg of body weight) of a commercial colonic lavage solution in 2 equally divided doses, 2 to 4 hours apart. The degree of colonic cleanliness was evaluated subjectively, using a numbered scoring system (1 = clean to 4 = excessive fecal material). Systemic and metabolic effects were assessed by comparing body weight, PCV, total protein concentration, serum osmolality, and urine specific gravity before and 24 hours after administration of the high-dose solution. The lowest mean cleanliness score (1.6) was obtained with the 80 ml/kg dose (P less than 0.001). The solution had no effect on any measurement except urine specific gravity (P = 0.036). Oral administration of a colonic lavage solution in a divided total dose of 80 ml/kg is a safe and effective method of large-intestine preparation in the dog.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of two forms of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl p-aminobenzoic acid in pancreatic function testing of dogs.

Plasma para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) concentrations were compared in 12 dogs after oral administration of either a powdered suspension or a solution of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA. Peak PABA plasma concentrations were significantly higher at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after administration of the solution (P less than 0.05). As the solution may now be used as a clinical test, interpretation of the results by comparison with normal absorption curves obtained after administration of the suspension could contribute to a failure to diagnose canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Percutaneous endoscopic tube gastrostomy in dogs.

Percutaneous endoscopic tube gastrostomy was performed in 10 dogs, using mushroom-tip catheters (16 to 24 F) maintained in place for 5 to 32 days. Dogs were observed daily. Although placement of the catheter was simple and quick, 3 dogs destroyed their catheters. Patency of the catheter was maintained with or without regular flushings with saline solution. Pyrexia (greater than or equal to 39.4 C) developed in 3 dogs, but the rectal temperature returned to base line within 24 hours after catheter removal. After catheter removal, all wounds healed without complication. All dogs were euthanatized. Five were examined radiographically before euthanasia to determine the fate of the mushroom tip after transection of the catheter at skin level between days 5 and 21, and 5 dogs were evaluated at postmortem examination between days 10 and 32. In all dogs, the tip was not present in the gastrointestinal tract by 96 hours after catheter transection. During postmortem examination of the 5 dogs, minimal inflammatory lesions were seen in the gastric tissue. A gastrocutaneous fistula had formed in each dog, resulting in an adhesion between the stomach and peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Subtotal colectomy for treatment of acquired megacolon in the dog and cat.

The case records of 4 cats and 1 dog with megacolon and constipation were reviewed to study the history, clinical signs, pathologic changes, and longterm results of surgical treatment. The 4 cats had idiopathic megacolon. The dog had megacolon secondary to dietary indiscretion. All animals had radiographic evidence of a large colon, which was confirmed by exploratory coeliotomy. Two of the cats and the dog had an intraoperative finding of megacecum as well. Subtotal colectomy was performed in all cases, with the ileocolic valve being removed in 3 of these cases. End-to-side anastomosis was used to restore the integrity of the bowel. All animals were treated successfully with this surgical technique, as judged by clinical response and owner satisfaction. Histologically, there were no consistent lesions to explain the cause of this disease in the cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea.

Developmental changes of the gastrointestinal tract were probably responsible for the changes in faecal composition during the first week of the foals' life, which resembled small intestinal ingesta of adult horses, suggesting a minimal colonic modification. Faecal composition at the time of foal heat diarrhoea was suggestive of a secretory-type diarrhoea, in that the electrolyte concentration accounted for most of faecal osmolality and the faecal pH was alkaline. After foal heat diarrhoea faecal composition slowly approached that of adult horses. These data suggest that foal heat diarrhoea is most likely caused by hypersecretion in the small intestinal mucosa, which may overwhelm an immature colon that is unable to compensate by increased fluid and electrolyte absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Jejunal myoelectrical activity in the conscious neonatal pig.

The purpose of this study was to define and quantify patterns of normal jejunal myoelectrical activity in the conscious neonatal pig. Twelve 3-day-old piglets were obtained from a local herd. At 7 days of age four bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes were surgically implanted at 5 cm intervals on the jejunum. Piglets were divided into fed (n = 7) and fasted (n = 5) groups and a minimum of four daily recordings were made from each pig between 7 and 14 days of age. Slow wave and spike activity were seen in all animals. Slow waves occurred at a frequency of 17.0 +/- 0.3 cycles/min (c.p.m.) in fed and 16.8 +/- 0.2 c.p.m. in fasted piglets. Spike activity predominated, occurring in characteristic migrating myoelectrical complexes (m.m.c.s.) and occupying 79% of the recording time in fed and 73% in fasted piglets (P less than 0.05). The activity front (phase 3) of the m.m.c. recurred every 47.7 +/- 2.4 min in fed, and 50.9 +/- 2.3 min in fasted piglets. The m.m.c. periodicity in both groups was irregular, with a range of 4-145 min in fed, and 8-104 min in fasted piglets. Activity fronts lasted 4.8 +/- 0.1 min in fed and 4.4 +/- 0.1 min in fasted piglets. All piglets demonstrated intense, short (2.5-5.0 s), distinct bursts of intense spike activity (migrating action potential complexes, m.a.p.c.s.). These were rapidly conducted in an aboral direction at a velocity of 1.8 cm/s in fed, and 0.8 cm/s in fasted piglets (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the myoelectrical activity of the equine ileum infected with Strongylus vulgaris larvae.

Five weanling ponies were subjected to an intensive 6-week deworming program after which 4 Ag-AgCl bipolar electrodes were implanted surgically on the distal ileum. For 3 hours each day for 5 consecutive days, ileal myoelectrical activity was recorded from fed ponies under 3 sequential conditions: preinoculation, after oral administration of 1,000 killed Strongylus vulgaris infective larvae (3 ponies), and after oral administration of 1,000 live S vulgaris infective larvae. Recordings were analyzed for slow wave frequency, percentage duration of phases I, II, and III of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC), and the frequency of distinct, rapidly migrating action-potential complexes within phase 2 of the MMC. After administration of live and killed infected 3rd-stage larvae, there was a marked increase in the number of disrupted phase III complexes, and a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the number of migrating action-potential complexes. In addition, after inoculation of live 3rd-stage larvae, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the percentage of time that the MMC was occupied by prolonged periods devoid of spike activity (phase I). The results indicate that S vulgaris larval mucosal penetration and submucosal migration can cause changes in ileal myoelectrical activity that could cause colic, and that larval antigen alone within the lumen may disrupt ileal motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of dietary composition on gastric emptying and motility in dogs: potential involvement in acute gastric dilatation.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus is a dramatic and life-threatening disease of large-breed dogs. The cause is unknown, but ingestion of dry cereal-based food is frequently incriminated as a predisposing factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercial diets on gastric motility and emptying in the dog. Four large-breed dogs were fed 3 different diets (diet A = canned meat-based; B = cereal-based with 77% added water; and C = dry cereal-based) in a randomized block design. Each experiment was done in triplicate. Motility was assessed, using 5 AgAgCl electrodes and 2 strain gauges sutured along the serosa of the stomach and proximal duodenum. Dogs were fed at the same time each day and the time to change from the fed to the fasted pattern of gastrointestinal motility (changeover) was measured. Gastric emptying was assessed by recording gastric radioactivity. After feeding a meal mixed with 99mTc-labeled resin, the log of activity was plotted against time, and the half-time of gastric emptying (t1/2 GE) was calculated. Mean (+/- SEM) times from feeding to changeover for the 3 diets were: diet A, 9.7 +/- 0.9; B, 10.5 +/- 0.4; and C, 11.0 +/- 0.8 hours. Diet had minimal influence on the half time of gastric emptying (diet A, 2.2 +/- 0.3; B, 2.6 +/- 0.4; and C, 2.9 +/- 0.3 hours; P greater than 0.05). The data indicate that gastric motility and emptying in healthy large-breed dogs were not affected by dietary composition. Because most large dogs are fed cereal-based food for reasons of cost and ease of use, these diets may have been wrongly incriminated as a predisposing factor in gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influence of coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infection on jejunal myoelectrical activity of the neonatal pig.

Four silver-silver chloride electrodes were surgically implanted at 5-cm intervals on the jejunal serosa of 7 neonatal pigs. Daily recordings, 7 h in duration, were made from each piglet beginning 3 days after surgery. Characteristic migrating motility complexes and short, distinct (2.5-5.0 s), rapidly aboral migrating bursts of intense spike activity ("migrating action potential complexes") were seen in all preinfection recordings. Piglets were inoculated with a 1-ml oral dose of a 0.1% gut suspension from coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infected pigs. This resulted in inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea, most marked on the second day postinfection, but which had abated by the third day. When compared to recordings from both fed and fasted noninfected (control) animals, infection significantly altered jejunal myoelectrical activity by (a) shortening the duration of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and prolonging it on day 2, (b) increasing the number of abnormal activity fronts, and (c) decreasing the number of migrating action potential complexes. Slow wave frequency and the duration of phase 3 of the migrating motility complex were unaffected. When compared to fed control animals, infected piglets also showed a slight shortening of phase 1 of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and a prolongation on days 2 and 3, as well as a shortening of phase 2 on the second and third days postinfection. Changes in myoelectrical activity were not solely due to decreases in food intake, as abnormalities persisted when food intake returned to normal on postinfection day 3, and disruption of the activity front and migrating motility complex duration were purely transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-induced phenomena. These findings suggest that infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts organized propulsive activity in the jejunum of the neonatal pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Metoclopramide.

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Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nitrosonapthol test for screening of small intestinal diarrheal disease in the dog.

The nitrosonapthol test, which qualitatively measures urinary excretion of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and related compounds, was evaluated as a screening test for small intestinal disease in 60 dogs with chronic diarrhea. Test results were positive in 8 of 13 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, in 8 of 12 dogs with small intestinal malabsorption, in 2 of 17 dogs with colitis, and in all of 14 dogs with normal gut function and in which the specific cause of diarrhea was not determined. Test results were negative in 4 dogs with functional (stress-induced) diarrhea and in 25 clinically normal dogs. Thus, the test results were positive in 30 of 39 (77%) dogs with confirmed small intestinal or pancreatic disease or in which small intestinal disease was the most likely diagnosis, and in only 2 of 21 (9.5%) dogs with large intestinal disease (P less than 0.001). In human medicine, positive test results have been associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Accordingly, antibiotics were administered orally to 8 of the dogs with diarrhea of undetermined cause. In all treated dogs, antibiotic therapy resulted in improvement in fecal consistency, decreased frequency of defecation, and a change from a positive to a less strongly positive or negative reaction to the nitrosonapthol test. These findings suggested that the nitrosonapthol test is useful in the discrimination of small intestinal from large intestinal diarrhea and as a guide to the use of oral antibiotic therapy in dogs with chronic diarrhea of undetermined cause.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of alpha-cellulose on myoelectric activity of proximal canine colon.

The relations between dietary fiber intake and myoelectric activity of the proximal canine colon were examined in four normal beagles fed four diets of varying fiber content in a randomized block design. The basal diet was a canned, meat-based product to which 3, 6, and 9% by weight of alpha-cellulose was added. Colonic motility was monitored using four bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes. Two slow-wave frequencies were observed: 1) 18.4 +/- 0.1 cycles/min (cpm) and 2) 5.6 +/- 0.03 cpm. Fiber had no effect on either frequency. Spike activity showed three distinct patterns: 1) short bursts phase locked to slow waves of the 18.4 cpm frequency, 2) short bursts phase locked to slow waves of the 5.6 cpm frequency, and 3) prolonged sequences unrelated to slow waves, lasting from 5 to greater than 60 s and grouped in distinct aborally conducted bursts that occurred at a frequency of 2.9 +/- 0.1/h (SE). Fiber had no effect on the frequency of these bursts, but as fiber intake increased there was a linear decrease in burst duration from 11.4 +/- 0.6 min for the basal diet to 8.2 +/- 0.4 min for the high-fiber diet (P less than 0.001). We conclude that luminal factors influence spike burst activity in the proximal colon, because increments of undigestible fiber reduce burst duration on a dose-related basis.

Animals↗