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Biomedical subjects

C Evrard

Publications and source records attributed to C Evrard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in the mouse brain during development.

We have investigated the expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) gene in mouse brain during development. Northern blot analysis of cerebral RNA evidenced a 4.5-kb M-CSF transcript from day 14 of gestation until 2 weeks after birth. The cell type responsible for this transcription was studied using in vitro cell cultures. The 4.5-kb M-CSF transcript was found both in astrocyte primary cultures and in immortalized astrocytic cell lines. M-CSF mRNA was also detected in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated brain macrophage cultures. These results suggest that M-CSF is involved in the outgrowth of microglia during ontogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Establishment of permanent astroglial cell lines, able to differentiate in vitro, from transgenic mice carrying the polyoma virus large T gene: an alternative approach to brain cell immortalization.

Permanent untransformed cell lines have been established from the cerebral cortex of transgenic mice that carry the polyoma virus large T gene. The immortalized cells described here synthesize laminin and neural cell adhesion molecules and induce primary neurons to develop neuritic processes. As shown by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays, they begin to synthesize the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after confluence. Double labelling experiments indicated that GFAP expression is reversibly correlated with the arrest of cell division. The present cells also display adrenergic, serotoninergic, and high levels of muscarinic receptors coupled to the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway. Taken together, our data show that these cell lines constitute homogeneous cell material that has retained the main differentiative, functional, and growth properties of normal astrocytes. Therefore, such clonal untransformed cell lines should be useful for further molecular studies, addressing terminal differentiation of glial cells, glioneuronal interactions, and astroglial expression of receptors for neurotransmitters. Furthermore, we suggest that this approach of cell immortalization by the use of transgenic mice carrying a non-transforming oncogene might be extended to a variety of cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immortalization of bipotential and plastic glio-neuronal precursor cells.

Permanent clonal cell lines from newborn mouse striatum have been established after transfer of the simian virus 40 large tumor oncogene by means of a retroviral vector. Some of the lines obtained displayed properties of bipotential and plastic glio-neuronal precursors. Depending on the culture conditions, these cells express either the glial fibrillary acidic protein or neurofilaments. In addition, the cells can display adrenergic, D1 and D2 dopaminergic, muscarinic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 serotoninergic receptors, which are coupled either to the adenylate cyclase or to the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. The panel of receptors for neurotransmitters exhibited by these lines closely resembles that of primary striatal neurons. Results suggest that plastic common precursors of astrocytes and neurons persist in the striatum at a late developmental stage. As these permanent cell lines constitute an unlimited source of homogenous cell material, we suggest that they should be useful for molecular and pharmacological studies on the mechanisms and regulation of signal transduction as well as the commitment, plasticity, and differentiation of neural cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Iatrogenic tracheal and left bronchial stenoses. Uncommon complication of Carlens tube. Apropos of a case surgically treated in a single stage].

Independent synchronized ventilation of each lung is a new form of management of severe predominantly pulmonary lesions unaliteral. Mechanical ventilatory assistance is also used via a cuffed double lumen tube (Carlens tube). Tracheal stenosis and bronchial stenosis may result from injury caused by respiratory assistance given via this tube. The etiology of the lesion appears to be direct pressure erosion of the tracheal and bronchial walls by the cuff with subsequent repair by scarformation. These lesions were present in a young man. This report describes the surgical treatment: the double stenosis was treated by resection with end-to-end anastomosis with an excellent result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The history of Horton's disease or ... 10 centuries of a fascinating adventure].

In 1932, Horton, Magath and Brown reported two cases of a "new form of arteritis affecting the temporal vessels ... which probably represents a new clinical syndrome". In reality, several publications, devoted to the same pathology already preceded this article. The most ancient is that of an ophthalmologist from Baghdad, Ali Ibn Isa (940 to 1010). In his memories, translated and published in english in 1936, the author states that "he undertook excision and cauterisation of arteries to treat patients who were suffering from heat and inflammation of their temporal muscles and which sometimes ended in loss of vision ...". In 1890, J. Hutchinson, an English surgeon, reported a case "... of inflammed and swollen temporal arteries ...". This article was only brought to light in 1946. In 1930, M. Schmidt, published a probable case of temporal arteritis, subsequently reported in 1947. In 1934 and 1936, Horton published new cases of temporal arteritis and defined the clinical characteristics of the disease and its histology. In 1938, Jennings made a particular contribution in reporting the first case of blindness. From this time on, cases of temporal arteritis became increasingly common in the literature. The first French case was described by J. Paviot et al. in 1934, but remained largely unrecognized until 1942. In 1936, J. Chavany was the first to describe the pillow sign, but more particularly in 1948, he prescribed the first treatment with steroids, with spectacular results. It was only in 1950 that R.M. Shick et al. published the effects of steroid therapy in temporal arteritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1989

[Intermittent claudication of the jaw in temporal arteritis].

Stiffness of the jaw was noted in the first descriptions of temporal arteritis. It was only in 1944 that Horton used the term intermittent claudication and related this sign to effort ischemia due to thrombosis of facial arteries. The introduction of ultrasound techniques has enabled the permeability of facial arteries to be confirmed in spite of induration and absence of pulsatility clinically. Anatomical studies have defined the preponderant role of the internal maxillary artery in the vascular supply of the masseter muscles and have enabled the localization of an appropriate and reliable site for ultrasound study: the pterygo-maxillary fossa. The velocimetric data thus collected confirm that the internal maxillary artery is affected and define the etiopathogenesis of intermittent jaw claudication during temporal arteritis. This sign is observed on average in one patient in three suffering from temporal arteritis. While several cases of intermittent jaw claudication have been described in severe atheromatous stenosis of the common carotid or external carotid arteries, or in relation to other causes (rheumatological, neoplastic, psychological ...), the observation of this syndrome in a suspicious clinical and paraclinical context constitutes an excellent orientation sign in favor of temporal arteritis.

Giant Cell Arteritis↗
PubMed1988

Immortalization of bipotential glial progenitors and generation of permanent "blue" cell lines.

The transfer of the adenovirus 5 E1A gene into brain cells from rat embryos led to the establishment of phenotypically untransformed clonal glial cell lines. Some lines displayed properties of oligodendrocyte-astrocyte progenitors. Their differentiation involved several steps that were dependent on culture conditions and cell interactions. Subsequently, a few lines were cotransfected with a vector carrying a modified dihydrofolate reductase gene and with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. After selection for resistance to methotrexate, cell lines were derived that stably expressed the lacZ gene. These cells were individually detectable by histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase activity, even in the presence of other cells. These results suggest that this type of cell line could be of interest for further in vitro, and possibly transplant, studies of the differentiation and interactions of glial cells.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Local fibrinolytic therapy in ischemic carotid pathology.

Sixteen patients underwent local fibrinolytic therapy for thrombosis or embolism of the main trunk or intracranial branches of the internal carotid artery. There were eight cases of complete thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, five proximal stenoses of the internal carotid artery with extensive thrombus, one thrombus of the carotid siphon and two middle cerebral artery emboli. Indications for treatment included transient ischemic attacks in 11 cases, cerebral ischemia after carotid arteriography in two cases, and after surgery for atheromatous lesions of the carotid bifurcation in three cases. The fibrinolytic therapy was initiated during carotid surgery in three cases, where extended thrombosis of the internal carotid artery was discovered, which was inaccessible to a Fogarty catheter. The other 13 cases were treated during arteriography procedures. Lysis of the clot was always obtained. One patient died of hematoma of the frontal lobe. All other patients survived and showed neurologic improvement. The neurologic outcome was dependent on the duration and the degree of initial ischemia. Fibrinolytic therapy appears to be beneficial therapy for certain cases of cerebral ischemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Serologic and clinical study of post-transfusion viral contamination after cardiac surgery. Excluding human immunodeficiency virus].

The incidence of post-transfusion viral contamination after cardiac surgery is variable but not negligible. The serological and clinical features of such contamination were determined in a series of 100 consecutive patients seen between June, 1983 and January, 1984. The ELISA technique was used for hepatitis A and B viruses and cytomegalovirus on three samples of blood taken before (S1), and 15 days (S2) and 2 to 3 months (S3) after surgery. In case of hepatitis further investigations were performed for heterophilic infectious mononucleosis antibodies and for hepatitis B virus DNA. The transient appearance at S2 of anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies brought by transfusion was observed in 40% of the cases; seroconversion occurred in 4% (cytomegalovirus 3, hepatitis B virus 1), and 5% of the patients developed clinical and biochemical hepatitis without serological markers.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

[A misunderstood treatment for hyperhidrosis: ionization. Principles, material, methodology, early results].

Based on a new and specific apparatus developed by one of the authors, an original method of treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, either essential or associated with acrocyanosis, is described in detail. The extremities to be treated are placed in tanks containing tap water ensuring conduction fo current between epidermis and electrode. The recommended current of 20 milli-amperes is obtained by adjustment of a potentiometer. Treatment sessions (20 minutes for hands or feet, 40 for all four extremities) take place with a well defined frequency: 3 the first week, 2 the second, I the following two weeks. Maintenance sessions are necessary when sweating recurs. In a longitudinal series of 29 patients, 28 (96.5%) were significantly improved. From the 5th session onwards, the decrease in hyperhidrosis was evaluated by patients as very pronounced in 5 cases (17.2%) and as complete in 21 cases (72.5%). In 5 of the 6 patients with hyperhidrosis associated with acrocyanosis, the patients reported attenuation of cyanotic coloration of skin and relative warming up of extremities treated. Tolerance was excellent in 28 cases, incidents being rare and minor. Patients with pacemakers cannot be treated by this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava: a study of seven cases.

The authors report seven cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupturing into the inferior vena cava system. Symptoms were protean, but included local clinical manifestations and general findings due to the high-flow arteriovenous fistula. In spite of different types of clinical presentation, the correct preoperative diagnosis was made when a continuous bruit with systolic accentuation was heard over the abdomen. Venous repair consisted of simple closure of the fistula from within the aneurysm in six cases. In one case, treatment required ligation of the right common iliac vein. There were two cases of paraplegia, one before and one after the operation. Two of the seven patients died.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Establishment of 'normal' nervous cell lines after transfer of polyoma virus and adenovirus early genes into murine brain cells.

Brain cells from murine embryos were transfected with the polyoma virus large T or the adenovirus 5 EIA gene and, simultaneously, with the phosphotransferase coding NeoR gene. The efficiently transfected cells were selected for their resistance to Geneticin (G418) and their ability to clone at low cell density. Subsequently, most of the selected cells could be sub-cloned and continuously grown for 6-18 months so far. Their doubling time varied between 18 and 72 h. From independent transfections, more than one hundred cell lines were established. They did not exhibit a transformed phenotype, but subsequent transfection with the polyoma middle T gene induced their oncogenic transformation. The maintenance and expression of the transferred genes were verified. Most of the analyzed cell lines retained glial properties. These results suggest that the lines obtained as well as a further extension of this in vitro system should be of interest for the study of nervous cell interactions, differentiation and functions.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage: treatment with detachable balloons and coils.

Impotence can be caused by leakage of venous blood from the penis during erection. Of 135 patients studied with erectile dysfunction, 40 had venous leakage, and these patients were classified into three groups according to findings on cavernosograms. Thirty-one patients were treated with implantation of balloons and coils. Twenty-six of these patients now have normal sexual function. The authors believe this technique is simple, safe, and effective for the treatment of impotence caused by venous leakage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in atheromatous stenosis of the proximal supra-aortic trunks: the brachiocephalic trunk and the subclavian artery].

The authors are reporting their experience about percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in atheromatous stenosis of proximal supra-aortic arteries. In this series of 17 patients, with a 6-month follow-up, vertigos were the main clinical symptoms (8 cases), and it must be pointed out that 5 of these 8 patients also underwent a proximal angioplasty of one or the two of their vertebral arteries at the same time. Three subclavian steal-syndromes, one arterial insufficiency of an upper limb, one transient cerebral ischaemia, and four asymptomatic cases were also treated by the same procedure. For diagnosis as well as for follow-up, the authors are emphasizing the value of hemodynamic results of Doppler recording. As for the technics itself, it mainly derives from the PTA of the lower limbs arteries. The results in this series appear to be good from an hemodynamic point of view, with neither morbidity nor mortality.

Adult↗