Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Estel.
We present a case of hematocolpos due to congenital imperformed hymen in an 16-year-old girl. The symptoms, the diagnostic methods and the treatment of the malformation are reported and discussed. Severe complications, such as the hematometra or the hematosalpinx, can be ruled out preoperatively by ultrasound examination.
We describe here an newborn infant born in the 39th week of gestation with an early onset sepsis caused by group B streptococci. The intravenous administration of antibiotics and immunoglobulin preparation was unable to prevent the fatal outcome. The boy died after 16 hours of life. In the maternal serum a marked deficiency of IgG 2 and IgG 4 could be demonstrated. According to the results from the literature it seems possible that partial immunodeficiencies are important factors in the pathogenesis of the B-streptococcal disease of the newborn.
A reduced quantity of amniotic fluid is diagnosed semiquantitatively in 41 pregnant women in the 38th to 40th week of gestation. In 21 cases, the birth of a mature hypotrophic child below the 10th weight percentile is registered. Sonographically, the placentas of the mature eutrophic children significantly more frequently show a grade III maturity and the placentas of the mature hypotrophic children a grade II maturity. In contrast to the values found in the placentas of eutrophic children and in the placentas with grade III maturity, a significantly decreased villous vascularization is determined in the placentas of hypotrophic children and in placentas with grade II maturity. The area of attachment of the placenta is 301 cm2 for the eutrophic children and 222 cm2 for the hypotrophic children. All findings are discussed and compared with the relevant data of the pertinent literature.
The causes of fetal distress are analyzed in 50 cases, with special emphasis being placed upon placental insufficiency. Clinically, no cause can be found for the condition of danger to the fetus in 8 pregnant women. The surface of the villous vessels evaluated by morphometric methods is significantly decreased in 10 placentas. Of the 8 pregnant women without known cause of fetal distress, 3 cases were found to show reduced villous vascularization. The relevance of morphological examinations of the placenta in fetal distress is discussed.
Four healthy women are subjected to a defined physical training in the 22nd and 34th weeks of pregnancy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, maternal heart rate, respiratory quotient, oxygen pulse, tension-time index and oxygen partial pressure are determined. In addition, the fetal heart sounds are registered in the 34th week of pregnancy. Normal levels of cardiorespiratory function can be detected in three patients. Fetal heart rate is likewise unremarkable. A considerable rise in blood pressure during exercise in one women only and, moreover, two accelerations of a duration of 6 to 7 minutes and a frequency of 200 beats per minute are recorded on the fetal cardiogram. The influence of physical training on uteroplacental circulation during pregnancy is discussed considering the results reported in the pertinent literature.
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89 electron micrographs from a diabetic placenta of the 8th week of pregnancy and from two normal placentas of the same period of gestation are investigated morphometrically. In the trophoblast mitochondria of the diabetic placenta the surface/volume ratio between the surface of the cristae and mitochondrial volume shows a statistically significant reduction as compared to the values in the normal placenta of the same period of gestation. The morphological changes of the placenta are being related to disorders of the regulation of the metabolic processes in diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy.
In a total of 31 placentae from new-born children weighing between 4000 g and 4499 g at birth and in 64 placentae from new-born children with standard weight, the relative surface of the villous vessels and the relative volumes of the villous epithelium, of the stroma and of the villous vessels are determined by the morphometric method. These morphometric parameters, which are characterising the villous vascularization and the relative placental area of exchange, are slightly greater for the placentae from overweight children compared to the values of the control group. The oral glucose tolerance test performed on the 3rd puerperal day appears to be normal in all 31 test persons. 20 mothers are overweight and their average height is about 173 cm. The results of the present study are related to the corresponding literature.
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An inquiry among 1,000 mothers and fathers, just after their children had been born, showed that cigarettes had been smoked by 9.7 per cent of the mothers during pregnancy and by 57.9 per cent of the fathers.--A certain accumulation of mature dystrophic newborns was recorded from the group of female smokers. Five newborns with malformations were recorded from the group of male smokers. The results are discussed, with reference being made to literature.
After normal and pathological courses of pregnancy the trophoblast has been investigated morphometrically in the submicroscopic range. Applying the point counting and needle methods, the authors determined the relative mitochondrial volume, the number of mitochondria/micrometer 2 of the cytoplasmic profile area, the mean area of profiles of mitochondria and the surface-to-volume ratio of cristae to the mitochondrial volume in the syncytium and the cytotrophoblast.
The ultrastructure of the amniotic epithelium at term was examined in cases of intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus and compared with amnions obtained from women with a clinically unremarkable pregnancy. In uterine growth retardation the amniotic cells exhibit a general deficiency of a series of functionally significant cell organelles. The RER is insufficiently developed, there is a diminution of the normally numerous free ribosomes as well as of those cell organelles which are involved in secretory function. A further atypical finding is the common lack of intercellular canals playing an important role in the transamniotic exchange of material. Besides this, a very poor development or a complete disintegration of the microfilamentous cytoskelet is generally noticed. The present findings give once again evidence for a very close relation between the structural appearance of the intercellular diffusion canals and the microfilamentous system. The results presented are suggestive of an amnion which is in a state of reduced secretory activity, additionally, due to the common lack of intercellular canals an inhibition of the interepithelial passage between the maternal and amniotic compartment cannot be excluded.
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Following streptococcal mitogens and antigens were tested in the lymphocyte transformation test with human cord blood and maternal blood: streptococcal M1- and M19-proteins, mucopeptide, erythrogenic toxins and additional phytohemagglutinin. There are no significant differences in the blastogenic response with the different mitogens and antigens in maternal and cord blood. The cord blood lymphocytes show the same degree of blastogenic reaction to the mitogens and antigens as the maternal lymphocytes, that may reflect the state of readiness for cellular immunological defence. The spontaneous incorporation of 3H-labelled thymidine into cord blood lymphoblasts is significant higher than in lymphoblasts of maternal blood.--The results of specific and unspecific stimulation by means of steptococcal antigens are discussed.
Of a total of 1658 women, 11% had been smoking during pregnancy. The proportion of the prenatally dystrophic new-borns was statistically significantly higher in the group of smoking women compared to that of the non-smoking women.--Women smoking during gravidity have to be cared for by a risk service for pregnant women.
Placentas of different gestational age from women with oral contraception in the early phase of gravidity were studied morphometrically. An elevated risk for a placental insufficiency could not be found.
From 1949 to 1974 there had been found and treated 131 malignant genital tumours during pregnancy post partum and post abortum at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Jena. The 5-year rate of surival of cervical carcinomas was 59,6%. That is no difference to cases discovered outside of pregnancy. It is discussed the possible influence of pregnancy on the growth of cervical cancer.