[Plasma beta-endorphin level and naloxone test in hyperprolactinemia].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Endorphins↗
Biomedical subjects
C Egarter
Publications and source records attributed to C Egarter.
[Experiences in 2,149 labor inductions using 3 mg prostaglandin E2 vaginal tablets. A retrospective analysis].
This study is a retrospective analysis of induction of labour by means of PGE2 tablets, one group being electively, the other group medically indicated; in all, 2149 primi- and multiparae during a period of 5 years. Application of the vaginal tablets containing 3 mg PGE2 was effected every 6 hours. Low-risk women stayed mobile up to the amniocentesis performed at about 4-5 cm. Patients with specific risks or spontaneous ruptures of the membranes were supervised correspondingly. About 80% of the primiparae, respectively 90% of the multiparae of the elective induction group delivered within 24 hours after the first application of a vaginal tablet. The rate of Caesarian sections was extremely low. As expected in patients in whom induction of labour was necessary usually before term, the percentage of successful inductions was lower and the rate of Caesarian sections higher. The foetal outcome in both groups in respect of Apgar scores, and the blood gases of the umbilical cord as well as length and weight ranged within the normal limits. The cleared perinatal mortality was 0% (1 congenital defect with death). This study shows that the good results of prospective studies with a smaller number of cases can be confirmed by a retrospective analysis of an extensive group of patients, demonstrating the increasing acceptance of induction of labour by means of PGE2 tablets in elective as well as in medical indications.
Administration, Intravaginal↗
[Labor induction with 3 mg of prostaglandin E2 vaginal tablets. A renaissance of programmed labor? Results of a prospective randomized study].
Vaginal application of tablets containing prostaglandin at term in pregnant women with a favorable cervical score is a very efficacious method of induction of labour. Due to the motility of the women they consider this method of induction as almost natural. We, therefore, aimed at discussing the optimal procedure in low-risk pregnancies at due date, by means of a prospective randomised trial. In 345 women with a favourable cervical score, labour was either induced by means of intravaginal application of tablets containing PGE2 according to a precise plan, or spontaneous onset of labour was awaited while CTG-controls were performed on an outpatient basis every second day until the 42nd week of pregnancy was completed. 80 per cent of the nulliparas and 96.3 per cent of the multiparas of the induction group delivered within 24 hours of the first tablet application. All pertinent delivery intervals were significantly shorter in this group compared to those women where spontaneous onset of labour was awaited. The incidence of prolonged labour was low in both groups and not significantly different. Only 4.2 per cent of the women in the group where spontaneous labour was awaited, reached the completed 42nd week of pregnancy. Only one woman had to be induced because of a suspicious CTG. The rate of operative deliveries was lower in the induction group (1.1% versus 3.8% Caesarean sections). With the exception of one foetal death due to a cord complication three days after the due date the foetal outcome was excellent in both groups. The acceptance of the procedure was tested by means of a questionnaire during the post partum period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cesarean Section↗
The passage of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor across the human placenta perfused in vitro.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the placental passage of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a placental perfusion model ex vivo. METHODS: In an open system, 11 placentas were perfused on both the maternal and the fetal side immediately after delivery. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was added to the maternal perfusion medium in concentrations from 10-55 micrograms/mL. Maternal and fetal samples were taken, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Accumulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the fetal circuit averaged 2.42% of the concentration added initially to the arterial portion of the maternal circuit. CONCLUSION: There is only low transfer of GM-CSF across the fetal membranes. This finding is particularly remarkable in view of recently published results suggesting that administration of recombinant granulocyte growth factors to pregnant women with imminent preterm delivery helps prevent neonatal sepsis.
Arteries↗
[Influence of pindolol on maternal cardiovascular parameters and contractility of the puerperal uterus].
In the present study the influence of beta-receptor blockers on uterine activity was examined. In the postpartum period of 16 enrollees blood pressure, heart frequency, contraction frequency, basal tone, contraction intensity as well as the Montevideo Units were recorded at intervals of 10 minutes during and after infusion of 0.8 resp. 1.6 mg pindolol. Pindolol with its inherent intrinsic sympathomimetic activity led to the well known decrease of blood pressure but did not increase uterine activity.
Blood Pressure↗
[Obstetrical analgesia with tramadol--results of a prospective randomized comparative study with pethidine].
Morphine derivatives are the most frequently used analgetic substances in obstetrics today. Nevertheless, nausea, vomiting, weariness, and somnolence are common side effects of these drugs. Moreover opiates exhibit a depressive effect on ventilatory activity. As many studies have demonstrated tramadol, a new analgetic substance amongst the opiates does not show a depressive effect to such a high degree. In this prospective randomized trial we compared the efficacy as well as the safety of 100 mg tramadol and 100 mg pethidine in 40 women asking for pain relief during labour. The duration of labour was slightly but not statistical significantly shorter in the pethidine group. An analgetic effect could be observed in the pethidine as well as the tramadol group by both the pregnant women and the attending physician about 10 min after application lasting for about 2 hours. Concerning the side effects tramadol highly contrasted with pethidine. There were less cases of weariness and somnolence and the ventilatory frequency of the newborn babies tended to be higher than in the pethidine group. The serum levels of tramadol in umbilical and maternal veins demonstrated values of 0.83 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- SEM; quotient). The results of this study seem to establish an analgetic effect of tramadol similar to pethidine but with less side effects.
Adult↗
[Prostaglandin E2 gel for ripening the cervix and/or labor induction in the unripe cervix at the end of pregnancy].
Endocervical instillation of a Prostaglandin-E2-containing-gel is a well accepted method to ripen the cervix before induction or to induce labor directly. Until now the main problem of this method were difficulties with the preparation of the Prostaglandin-gel-mixture. In the present study a prefabricated 0.5 mg PGE2 containing gel was tested with relation to its safety and efficacy. During the period of one year no gel-specific difficulties e.g. stability, homogeneity or sterility occurred. 57% of the nulliparas and 71% of the multiparas with a modified Bishop-score of smaller or equal to 5 could be delivered within 12 hours of the first gel-application. In most of the remaining women no substantial cervical ripening could be detected. In only 12% of nulliparas and 6% of multiparas labor could not be induced by means of the second gel-application. The rate of operative deliveries in this group of low risk patients was low (4.1% in nulliparas and 1.9% in multiparas). The fetal outcome was excellent in all instances. Maternal side effects could be detected in 5 women. Based on our experience endocervical PGE2-gel-instillation can be considered a safe and very efficacious method of induction of labor in unfavorable cervical-score.
Cervix Uteri↗
[Hyperstimulation in elective labor induction with intravaginal PGE2 administration--recommendation on the procedure based on 2 case reports].
In about 0.5 per cent of elective inductions by means of intravaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 containing tablets hyperstimulation of the uterus with alterations of the foetal heart rate can occur. Amniotomy or the use of betamimetic drugs almost always lead to a normalisation of these alterations avoiding unnecessary Caesarean Sections. In unclear cases foetal blood gas analyses are required. This concept is exemplified by two case reports.
Adult↗
[Uterine activity in induction of labor by vaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 tablets].
Induction of labor with intravaginal application of PGE2-tablets has become more popular recently. Delivery intervals have been reported to be reduced. Therefore we investigated intrauterine pressure profiles in a group of 25 women in which labor was induced electively by means of vaginal applications of 3 mg PGE2-tablets and compared them to a control group of 27 women with spontaneous onset of labor. In the first hours after amniotomy the frequency of contractions was higher in nulliparous whereas baseline and amplitude were increased in multiparous women. Overall uterine activity (hourly contraction area) however, was not statistical different in both groups. We concluded that shortened delivery intervals in the PGE2 induction group is based on an increased uterine activity in the first stage of labor. At the usual dosage no pathological pressure increases could be observed which lead to fetal compromise.
Administration, Intravaginal↗
[Control of labor onset in the human].
While the mechanism of the initiation of labor in humans has not been clarified satisfactorily, it is of major clinical interest, particularly with a view to understanding and avoiding preterm labor. Progesterone, whose role can now be determined in greater detail by the use of newly developed progesterone antagonists, and estrogens both play a role. Recently, attention has focused not only on contraction-stimulating substances such as oxytocin and prostaglandins, but also on cytokines, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm labor related to intrauterine infection. A model describing the various steps leading to regular uterine contractions is discussed and the resulting implications on stimulation and inhibition by pharmacological substances are outlined.
Animals↗