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Biomedical subjects

C E Werch

Publications and source records attributed to C E Werch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Perception of intoxication and blood alcohol concentration of drinkers in social settings.

This study examined associations among perception of intoxication, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), discriminability of internal physiological sensations, and awareness of external stimuli related to the number of drinks consumed of subjects in social drinking settings. A total of 156 randomly selected individuals consented to be interviewed as they walked by preselected drinking establishments, and afterward provided a breath sample to determine BAC. This study found that drinkers in social settings can make at least crude estimates of their level of intoxication, and that the accuracy of these estimates decreases as BAC increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Area specific self-esteem scales and substance use among elementary and middle school children.

The relationship between self-esteem and the use and expected use of legal and illegal drugs was examined. Students in grades four-nine (n = 2,032) representing 16 schools from Arkansas completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning self-esteem and drug use. Results indicated statistically significant differences both for home self-esteem and school self-esteem on 18 or 19 measures of use and expected use. Results for peer self-esteem showed no differences for any of 19 measures. Results suggest including area specific self-esteem enhancement as a potentially important part of comprehensive drug education programs. Findings also highlight the role parents and teachers may play by promoting self-esteem at home and school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Quantity-frequency and diary measures of alcohol consumption for elderly drinkers.

Three measures were studied for estimating alcohol consumption by elderly drinkers. The diary measure resulted in significantly greater reported daily alcohol consumption (p = .004) and number of drinks consumed per week (p = .07) compared with a 7-day and 28-day quantity-frequency measure. No differences were found between diary and Q-F measures in classifying elderly as drinkers versus nondrinkers, and heavy versus light drinkers. Likely factors contributing to the apparent advantage of the diary measure over the Q-F measures are that it offers elderly a prompt to recall, and that it provides a direct estimate of alcohol consumption based on "actual" versus "usual" alcohol use. Shortcomings of the retrospective diary are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Bogus-pipeline effects on self-reported college student drug use, problems, and attitudes.

This study examined whether a bogus objective measure (bogus-pipeline) would increase self-reported drug measures in a selected college population. A sample of 152 subjects were randomly assigned to receive: (1) a verbal bogus-pipeline protocol (VBP), (2) a printed cartoon bogus-pipeline (CBP), or (3) a questionnaire-only control (QOC). No significant differences were found in the proportions of college students in pipeline and control conditions reporting current social, illegal, and nonmedical prescription drug use, as well as drug-related problems and attitudes. A significantly greater proportion of subjects receiving the verbal bogus-pipeline procedure (p = .006) reported heavy cigarette use.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between self-control and alcohol consumption patterns and problems of college students.

The relationship between self-control strategies, alcohol-related problems and the quantity and frequency of alcohol use was examined. Analyses of data from 410 university students who completed the Student Alcohol Questionnaire and the Self-Control Questionnaire indicated that both internal and external self-control strategies were significantly correlated with alcohol-related problems and alcohol consumption variables. Self-control strategies were also found to be applied differentially across drinking patterns and problem status. It was concluded that college students naturally attempt to control their alcohol consumption or the unwanted consequences related to drinking. Further research is needed to detail the self-change attempts of college-aged drinkers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Cataloging blood alcohol level and alcohol consumption data in field settings: feasibility and findings.

A team of two female interviewers, two male interview assistants, and one or two additional male observers were stationed in front of targeted drinking establishments to survey individuals about their drinking practices and to collect blood alcohol levels (BALs) using portable breath testers. Of the 176 individuals asked to participate, 156 (88%) consented to be interviewed and 141 (90%) provided breath samples. Of those tested, 40 (29%) were legally intoxicated (BAL greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl) while 68 (49%) registered a BAL of 50 mg/dl or greater. The mean BAL was 72 mg/dl. Individuals reporting that they were going to drive had significantly lower BALs than those planning not to drive. Subjects who thought they were legally intoxicated, on average, had BALs greater than the legal level of intoxication, and BALs significantly greater than those who felt they were not intoxicated. These data suggest that the collection of BAL, in combination with self-reported alcohol data, is an important component of methodologically sound alcohol field research.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of the bogus-pipeline on enhancing validity of self-reported adolescent drug use measures.

This study examined effects of a bogus objective measure (bogus-pipeline) on self-reports of experimentation, frequency, intentions, beliefs, and attitudes related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. One hundred ninety-one adolescents (means age = 11.74 years) were assigned randomly to one of three conditions: a bogus-pipeline with saliva collection, a bogus-pipeline only, or a questionnaire only control. A significantly greater percentage of participants in the questionnaire only condition (28%) reported having experimented with alcohol, compared to those in the bogus-pipeline only condition (22%), and the bogus-pipeline with saliva condition (21%). No differences were found across conditions for subject experimentation with other drugs, frequency of drug use, intentions to use drugs, and beliefs and attitudes related to drug use (p greater than .05). The discrepancy among studies suggesting a validity enhancing effect due to bogus-pipeline procedures and those indicating no effect may be accounted for by variables including age, experimental setting, population under study, and drug types. The broad, unquestioned application of the bogus-pipeline in tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use prevention programs, or epidemiological studies of drug use, cannot be recommended at present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Paraphernalia for teaching, training, and research on blood alcohol concentration.

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) information and paraphernalia designed to predict or measure BAC are relatively common components of alcohol education, research, and treatment programs. The first purpose of this paper is to describe the types and the strengths and weaknesses of blood alcohol concentration paraphernalia. The second purpose is to identify the potential uses and requisite skills for operating BAC paraphernalia for teaching, training, and research. Further research is needed to define the parameters of utility of BAC paraphernalia, so that alcohol professionals can make decisions regarding the selection and use of these devices based on empirical evidence.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1986

Portable breath alcohol testers and drinking-driving behavior of convicted drunk drivers.

The use of portable breath alcohol testers by convicted drunk drivers during a drinking-driving educational program had a nonsignificant impact on the frequency of drinking-driving episodes. The use of breath alcohol testers also failed to significantly reduce peak blood alcohol concentration during drinking-driving episodes. However, portable breath testers were used by certain drunk drivers in deciding not to drive after drinking as well as to slow or stop their drinking on occasion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Six-month outcomes of an alcohol prevention program for inner-city youth.

Six-hundred and fifty 6th grade students were randomly assigned with the intervention group receiving the STARS for Families Program, an alcohol reduction program consisting of standardized health consultations provided by nurses and mailed follow-up information. The control group received minimum information. Students in the study attended either a neighborhood or a bused inner-city middle school. Students receiving the intervention had significantly less intentions to use alcohol in the future and less alcohol quantity. The study suggests that brief, provider-involved interventions may be a viable school based approach to prevention.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventive alcohol interventions based on a stages of acquisition model.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the promise and pitfalls of using multi-component motivational stages framework for tailoring alcohol prevention programs. METHODS: Review empirical research examining intra-drug-use stages of acquisition and testing the efficacy of stage-tailored interventions. RESULTS: Seven cross-sectional studies suggest that youth exist within a range of stages of alcohol acquisition. Five randomized trials showed that stage-based preventive interventions resulted in significant alcohol reductions. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for future stage-related prevention research and practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗