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Biomedical subjects

C E Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C E Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The doctor's role in rural health care.

A new pattern of health care in developing countries promises to meet the needs of rural people and still provide reasonable gratification for health workers. The service must have mutually strengthening linkages between all levels of the health care system. Reallocating roles in the health team requires turning routine medical care over to auxiliaries so that professionals can concentrate on more complex problems, such as community diagnosis and therapy. Young doctors are reasonable and willing to undertake a rural rotation early in their medical careers. This will help to identify those few who will provide leadership in improving rural services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Acid-fast bacillary positivity in asymptomatic individuals in leprosy endemic villages around Jhalda in West Bengal.

Three general surveys of a village population of 7000 in a highly endemic area in Purulia District, West Bengal, have included clinical examination and earlobe skin snip examinations. Multiple between-survey follow-up examinations have also been conducted of both bacillary positives and cases. In the general population 5.8% of the individuals showed bacteriological positivity with a concentration technique for AFB without showing clinical signs of infection. During two years of observation clinical leprosy was diagnosed in 13.6% of bacillary positives, in 4.8% of nuclear family contacts of clinical cases and 2.3% of the rest of the general population of the villages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interactions between health and population.

Both health and population have multiple direct and indirect, as well as positive and negative, influences on each other and on the development process. There is much evidence to show that high fertility produces multiple health hazards and that family planning is one of the most effective health measures available. Conversely, there are also multiple ways in which health influences fertility. Whereas health services resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality have often been considered a major cause of population growth, the authors argue that health programs can also contribute to a more rapid decline in birth rates by facilitating the increased practice of family planning. Evidence is reviewed to support the position that family planning services can be more effective, efficient, and acceptable when combined with maternal and child health and nutrition programs.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Differences in mating propensities: some models for examining the genetic consequences.

Several models of mating behavior are described. The rates at which matings occur are described by differential equations. When several types of males are present with several types of females, the rates are described by a system of such equations. Different modes of pair formation result in different equations, and differences in mating propensities result in different constants in the equations. Two types of pair formation are examined: promiscuous pair formation and permanent pair formation. these models are found satisfactory when tested against observations of mating in flour beetles and houseflies. Some ways in which different mating propensities may affect the genetic structure of populations are examined in the light of these models.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Population genetics of a "colonising" lizard: natural selection for allozyme morphs in Anolis grahami.

Allozyme frequencies of Anolis grahami from Bermuda were compared to those from Jamaica. These lizards were introduced into Bermuda from Jamaica in 1905. The magnitude of the genetic changes were consistent with the hypothesis that these changes were produced by random genetic drift. The changes for the seperate alleles were, however, more heterogeneous than expected if caused by random drift alone. It is concluded that not all the alleles examined have been selectively neutral.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Genetic loads in heterogeneous environments.

A model of population structure in heterogeneous environments is described with attention focused on genetic variation at a single locus. The existence of equilibria at which there is no genetic load is examined.--The absolute fitness of any genotype is regarded as a function of location in the niche space and the population density at that location. It is assumed that each organism chooses to live in that habitat in which it is most fit ("optimal habitat selection").--Equilibria at which there is no segregation load ("loadless equilibria") may exist. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such equilibria are very weak. If there is a sufficient amount of dominance or area in which the alleles are selectively neutral, then there exist equilibria without segregational loads. In the N2p phase plane defined by population size, N, and gene frequency, p, these equilibria generally consist of a line segment which is parallel to the p axis. These equilibria are frequently stable.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1975

Challenge to international agencies.

International health agencies face major changes requiring basic adjustments in approaches and values. The ethical issues include moral criteria for allocating scarce resources, relation of health to population growth and development, iatrogenic social consequences of health measures, and inappropriate transfer of technology. A proposed new style of international health work is summarized in five principles and ten guidelines. The principles are: development from below; a role shift from adviser collaborator; sequential research, demonstration, and implementation; concentration on problems of motivation; and parternship in approaches to mutually shared complex problems.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1974

Multivariate analysis of genetic variation.

Multiple factor analysis was used to interpret geographical variation of gene frequencies. Allelic frequencies at three loci (two esterase loci, Esr and Esh, and a malic dehydrogenase locus) from ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) collected throughout Texas and reported by Johnsonet al. (1969) were reexamined for patterns of correlation with five environmental measurements: mean January temperature, mean July temperature, mean annual precipitation, elevation, and annual growing season. These measurements and the associated gene frequencies at each sampling location were subjected to factor analysis. Variables highly correlated with the same factor were hypothesized to be causally related. Both orthogonal and oblique rotations of the factor solution provided four factors with essentially the same interpretation. Variation at the Esh locus was associated with a continuum from cold-wet to hot-dry. Variation at the Mdh locus and some of that at the Esr locus was related to the severity of winter months. Other allelic frequencies at the Esr locus had high correlations with a third factor which seemed to be independent of the environmental measurements. None of the allelic frequencies had high correlations with the fourth factor which was interpretable as an altitudinal gradient.

Alleles↗