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Biomedical subjects

C E Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C E Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prospective addition of beta-lactamase to blood culture medium.

The value of adding beta-lactamase to bottles of blood-culture medium before their distribution to wards was investigated. Significantly more bottles containing beta-lactamase were culture-positive than those without (p less than 0.002). In another series, when the enzyme was added to both bottles in each set there was no significant difference in isolation rates between the two bottles. The groups of organisms which were isolated more readily when beta-lactamase was present were staphylococci and streptococci. Storage of beta-lactamase (Genzyme broad-spectrum mixture) in blood-culture medium at room temperature resulted in rapid loss of cephalosporinase activity, whereas little decline in penicillinase activity was noted over a period of 118 days.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Automated screening of blood cultures with the Malthus microbiological growth analyser.

A total of 3347 blood cultures from patients in all hospital wards were examined on a Malthus microbiological growth analyser and by a conventional system. There was no significant difference in the total numbers of positive cultures of clinical importance between the two systems (p greater than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus, however, was isolated more often by the conventional method (p less than 0.05). Failure of the automatic detection routine limited the potential of the Malthus system for earlier detection of positive cultures. Daily visual examination of Malthus curves and subculture of bottles not promptly attached to the apparatus were necessary to avoid missing some positive cultures. False positive rates were 13% for the Malthus system and 2% for the conventional system. The contamination rate was considerably lower in the Malthus system (p less than 0.001). Further development would be necessary for the apparatus to be acceptable for routine screening of blood cultures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

HIV antibody testing.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Production of suppressor factor by T-cells from mice immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Factor(s) derived from plate purified T-cell cultures obtained from mice 16 hr after immunization with Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III), suppressed the antibody response to SSS-III. Such suppression was antigen specific. Adsorption of the suppressor factor (SF) with SSS-III covalently bound to Sepharose 4B column did not alter the ability of SF to suppress the antibody response. However, adsorption of SF with Ig+(B) cells taken from mice 48 hr after immunization with an immunogenic dose (0.5 ug) of SSS-III, completely removed the suppressive activity. Suppression of the antibody response was observed only when SF was administered 24 hr before to 24 hr after immunization with SSS-III. These results suggest that antigen specific suppressor T cells release soluble factor(s) which acts directly on antigen-stimulated B cells or may inhibit the induction of amplifier T-cells.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of a morantel sustained-release bolus for control of gastrointestinal parasites in winter-grazed steers in Mississippi.

From Nov 22, 1983 through May 15, 1984, 36 crossbred steers were allotted into 3 treatment groups (12/group) and were grazed on separate 3.4-hectare pastures. On Nov 22, 1983, the steers were administered a single morantel sustained-release bolus (MSRB), orally (group 1), or a single dose of thiabendazole (TBZ; 66 mg/kg of body weight, orally; group 2), or were left untreated (group 3; controls). Animal weights, nematode egg counts in fecal specimens, and plasma pepsinogen concentrations were monitored monthly. At the termination of the study, 4 steers from each treatment group were slaughtered and necropsied and worm counts were determined. A set of parasite-free tracer calves (3/treatment group) were grazed with each treatment group for 1 month, beginning on Nov 22, 1983; a second set of tracer calves (3/group) were grazed with each treatment group for 1 month, beginning Apr 3, 1984. At the end of their respective grazing periods, tracer calves were held for 3 weeks and then were slaughtered and necropsied and their worm counts were determined. Mean nematode egg counts in fecal specimens of group 1 (MSRB treated) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that of the TBZ-treated or nontreated steers. Differences in worm counts were not found between treatment groups. Differences in worm counts of tracer calves were not found among the 3 groups for November 1983 nor for April 1984. Steers treated with the MSRB had a higher mean weight gain (P less than 0.06) than did the control or TBZ-treated steers.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Seasonal variations in maternal serum and mammary immunity to RS virus.

We have recorded the systemic and mammary/mucosal immune responses of women following natural infection with RS virus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Anti-RS virus IgG antibody levels in the sera of women collected in the first trimester of pregnancy showed a bimodal distribution with high and low antibody groups. Antibody levels increased after exposure to the winter RS virus epidemic in the second trimester of pregnancy, probably as a result of infection but only for women in the low antibody group. Despite the increases, antibody levels for these women remained well below those of the high antibody group. There was no rise in mean antibody levels after exposure in the third trimester, even among women with low antibody, suggesting a degree of immunosuppression in late pregnancy. There was no evidence that infection during pregnancy was associated with adverse consequences for the infant. Exposure to RS virus in the first two trimesters, but not the third, was associated with high colostral IgA antibody levels that were maintained in the milk throughout the first 7 weeks of lactation. There was a significant correlation between colostral and maternal nasal IgA antibody levels at delivery. Levels of blood or colostral lymphocyte transformation responses at delivery were unaffected by exposure to RS virus in pregnancy. These observations upon natural infection suggest that vaccination during pregnancy is likely to achieve only marginal effects upon serum antibody levels but boost maternal mammary/mucosal immunity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Concurrent cytomegalovirus and Coxsackie B virus infections in a heart-lung transplant recipient.

A 35-year-old woman with fibrosing alveolitis was given a combined heart and lung transplant at Papworth Hospital, Cambridge. Although her immediate post-operative course was satisfactory, she subsequently experienced concurrent primary cytomegalovirus and Coxsackie B virus infections associated with significant morbidity including pancreatitis. She made a full recovery and has remained well for more than 2 years after transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interferon responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal and leukaemic children.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures (PBMC) stimulated with Sendai virus or K562 cells produce a mixture of interferons. Temperature and pH stability characteristics and reactions with monospecific antibodies indicate that PBMC cultures from adults produce interferons alpha and gamma in approximately equal proportions. PBMC cultures from children produce lower levels of interferons with a higher proportion of type alpha. The ability of PBMC cultures from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) to produce interferon was determined. Little or no gamma interferon was induced by either Sendai virus or K562 cells. Cultures from some children with ALL produced alpha interferon but mean levels were significantly lower than from normal children. A group of older children with ALL who had completed their course of therapy and were off treatment produced levels of interferon indistinguishable from those of normal children. This in vitro deficit, possibly induced by chemotherapy, may reflect an in vivo deficit and may contribute to the impaired handling of viruses seen in children being treated for ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Bacterial study of clean intermittent catheterisation in children.

Deterioration of the upper urinary tract is exceptional in children on clean intermittent catheterisation for neuropathic incontinence and is found only in those with pre-existing renal damage. This report describes a bacteriological study of 24 children, of whom 10 had renal damage and 14 did not have renal damage before clean intermittent catheterisation began. Boric acid was added as a preservative to samples of urine in preference to the use of dip-slides because it preserves pus cells as well as bacteria. The incidence of bacteriuria in the two groups was similar (78% of samples from those with, and 72% of samples from those without, pre-existing renal damage). The groups differed in that the urine of children in the group with pre-existing renal damage yielded organisms other than Escherichia coli more than twice as often as did the urine of those children without renal damage. Moreover, the children with pre-existing renal damage were more likely to have fever with urinary tract infection and some of them showed frequent changes of organisms in the urine. Whatever organism was present, however, children in the group with renal damage more often had heavy pyuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the respiratory tract of horses.

Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs and tracheal washings taken from Thoroughbred horses in training at three of four separate stables that were sampled during investigations into respiratory disease. The growth of Strep pneumoniae in culture was enhanced by an environment enriched with carbon dioxide. In one stable, five of 15 horses that were sampled repeatedly were found to carry the organism for at least four months. There was an apparent association between lower respiratory tract inflammatory disease and heavy growths (10(6) to 10(8) colony forming units/ml) predominantly of Strep pneumoniae or of that organism together with large numbers of Strep zooepidemicus obtained from tracheal washings. Twelve strains of Strep pneumoniae isolated from three stables were all of capsule Type 3. Only one strain, which was of capsule Type 9, was isolated from nose and throat swabs taken from 32 staff working in one of the stables and suggested an absence of cross infection between horses and their handlers in this instance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oral rehydration in China.

Oral rehydration with salt and sugar solution for diarrhea seems to have been widely used in China for more than 20 years. Surveys in five rural counties in widely distributed provinces have revealed that over 90 per cent of barefoot doctors and county doctors have been using a simple salt and sugar solution. Thirty-four per cent of mothers also said they used the oral solution. By contrast, most urban hospitals, especially teaching hospitals, continued to rely on intravenous (I-V) fluids. It had been previously observed that China has had high morbidity but low mortality from diarrheal diseases. Part of the explanation undoubtedly is the relatively good nutritional status of children and the widespread use of liquid traditional medicines. The finding that barefoot doctors have been using oral rehydration also may help explain the low mortality.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Nasal interferon responses in leukaemia.

Nasal concentrations of leucocyte interferon measured immunoradiometrically were appreciably higher in children infected with influenza viruses than those infected with paramyxoviruses. Regardless of the infecting virus, leukaemic children produced normal amounts of interferon, but this appeared to have little effect on the duration of excretion of virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Production of soluble suppressor factor by spleen cells from mice immunized with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Supernatant fluid (SF) derived from spleen cell cultures, obtained from mice 16 hr after immunization with 0.5 microgram of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III), suppressed the antibody response when SF was given (i.v.) 3 hr before immunization with SSS-III. Such suppression was antigen specific and could be reproduced by SF derived from cultures of T cells from mice immunized with SSS-III (0.5 microgram) or by SF derived from cultures of spleen cells from mice primed with a subimmunogenic dose of SSS-III (0.005 microgram). Adsorption of SF with SSS-III covalently bound to a Sepharose 4B column did not alter the ability of SF to suppress the SSS-III-specific antibody response. However, adsorption of SF with Ig+ (B) cells from mice immunized with 0.5 microgram SSS-III completely removed the suppressive activity. Significant (p less than 0.05) suppression of the antibody response was observed only when SF was administered (i.v.) 24 hr before to 24 hr after immunization with 0.5 microgram of SSS-III. These results suggest that suppressor T cells generated in response to SSS-III function by releasing a soluble factor(s) that binds to determinants on B cells rather than antigen; this soluble factor(s) acts directly on antigen-stimulated B cells or inhibits the induction of amplifier T cells.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1984

Lectin-induced modulation of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Several lectins were tested for their capacity to alter the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III). The antibody response was enhanced by concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as well as lectins from Phytolacca americana (Pa-2), Pisum sativum (PSA), and Lens culinaris (LCH), when these lectins were given 2 days after immunization with SSS-III; however, suppression was obtained when Con A and Pa-2 were given at the time of immunization. By contrast the lectins from Vicia villosa (VVL) and Bauhinia purpurea (BPA) did not alter the antibody response. Since the lectins PSA and LCH bind to the same monosaccharide as Con A, whereas the other lectins bind to different monosaccharides, these findings indicate that there is no relationship between nominal monosaccharide specificity and the capacity to modulate the antibody response. Substantial increases in the magnitude of the IgG1 antibody response was noted after the administration of Con A whereas profound enhancement of IgG2a antibody response was noted after PHA was given.

Animals↗