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Biomedical subjects

C E Ross

Publications and source records attributed to C E Ross.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Public opinion about doctors' pay.

Public opinion about doctors' incomes was examined in a national random sample of 843 respondents; 70.1 per cent of those questioned felt physicians are overpaid. There was a high degree of agreement among various groups that physicians are overpaid, but older people and Whites were more likely to think so than younger people and other ethnic groups. People who believe that the United States is characterized by unequal educational opportunity, unfair income distribution, and limited resources were also more likely to think physicians are overpaid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Components of depressed mood in married men and women. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale.

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D) was developed to measure depressive symptoms in community populations. To be useful for epidemiologic studies of depression, the scale should measure the same thing in various subgroups. This study examines the psychometric properties of the CES-D among men and women, including its factor structure, reliability, and characteristics of its subscales. A national sample of 1,360 married men and women, collected in 1978, was used. Factor analysis produced four major factors in the CES-D: depressed affect, enervation , lack of positive affect, and interpersonal problems. These factors are generalizable across men and women with two exceptions--crying spells, which are a good indicator of depressed mood for women, do not indicate depressed mood for men; and feeling one's life is a failure is associated with depressed affect for women and with a lack of positive affect for men. The two items in the interpersonal factor (feeling that people dislike you and that people are unfriendly ) do not show the expected pattern of association with gender, since men have significantly more interpersonal symptoms than women. Women have more symptoms of depressed affect, enervation , and lack of positive affect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of cutaneous paresthesia resulting from synthetic pyrethroid exposure.

Synthetic pyrethroids are potent lipophilic insecticides recognized as nerve toxins. Their increased usage in recent years has established them as a serious competitor against the currently available pesticides. Reported cases of occupational exposure have noted the presence of paresthesia without the clinical symptoms of erythema, edema, or vesiculation. Pilot studies were performed with six prophylactic agents to assess their capability of preventing or ameliorating the paresthesia that accompanies exposure. Vitamin E oil (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate) proved the most efficacious.

Butylated Hydroxyanisole↗
PubMed1983

Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism: their effects on psychological distress.

We examine the causes and consequences of fatalism in a cross-cultural setting, focusing on the ways in which a fatalistic world view may mediate the effects of social class and Mexican ethnic identity on psychological distress. We find that persons in the lower social classes and Mexicans tend to be more fatalistic than persons in the upper classes and Anglos, and that fatalism, in turn, increases psychological distress. We attempt to integrate research on the social and cultural determinants of cognitive orientations with studies of the effects of social class and Mexican culture on distress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

The multidimensionality of psychopathology in a community sample.

Some researchers have advocated the use of rating scales that measure global constructs such as mental health or psychological distress. Others have advocated the use of discrete diagnostic categories. Using multidimensional scaling, we examine whether there is a single dimension of psychopathology among community respondents or whether there are distinct types. We find that psychopathology is multidimensional: distinct clusters of symptoms including physiological malaise, antisocial attitudes, demoralization, mistrust, and alcoholism appear. We conclude with a synthesis of the two approaches to measuring psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Patient satisfaction and visiting the doctor: a self-regulating system.

In 1974, Aday and Anderson proposed that client satisfaction may affect utilization of physician services, and that utilization, in turn, may affect satisfaction. Since that time, a number of researchers have investigated the issue, adopting increasingly sophisticated approaches. To date, however, the statistical models used to test the hypothesized feedback have not been completely appropriate. We develop and test alternative hypotheses on the reciprocal effects of satisfaction and utilization. Using methods that allow us to specify models with feedback effects, we examine whether satisfaction with the doctor and visits to the doctor form a self-regulating or a self-amplifying system. In both, satisfaction is expected to result in more visits to the doctor, but in a self-regulating system, visits are hypothesized satisfaction. We specify and test the feedback model in two data sets: one based on a cross-sectional survey of pediatric practices in New Haven, Connecticut and the other based on Gray's panel survey of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. In both cases the results indicate that satisfaction and visits form a self-regulating system.

Connecticut↗
PubMed1983

Superiority of reproductive histories to sperm counts in detecting infertility at a dibromochloropropane manufacturing plant.

Sperm count distributions among exposed and control groups at a dibromochloropropane (DBCP) manufacturing plant were remarkably similar. Yet reproductive histories from 60 exposed men obtained in conjunction with the semen analyses indicated that fertility had been reduced during exposure. Ratios of observed to expected births or standardized fertility ratios (SFRs) were computed for reproductive experience at parities of 1 or greater. The SFR for the period at risk from DBCP exposure (SFR = 0.63) was significantly lower than those derived from the entire not-at-risk period (SFR = 1.21) or the portion related to nonexposed employment at the plant preceding exposure (SFR = 1.33). Significant reductions would have been evident at least 18 years prior to the year in which the histories were obtained. The effect on fertility seems to have been greatest during the initial period of DBCP production. Most fertility reduction occurred after 3.5 years of exposure. Fertility returned to normal following cessation of exposure (SFR = 1.18), although it appeared to remain subnormal for about two years. Wherever there is concern about the potential for adverse reproductive effects in the workplace, data suitable for fertility analyses should be collected during annual medical examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Medical care, living conditions, and children's well-being.

We examine the effect of medical care and living conditions on children's physical and psychological well-being. We develop a causal model in which living conditions (including the socioeconomic status of the family and the social-psychological aspects of family functioning) may affect well-being both directly, and indirectly through medical care. We find that families in the higher social classes and families that function well tend to go to large prepaid groups where they receive good medical care. High quality technical care of illness, in turn, improves physical health. The quality of psychotherapeutic care, on the other hand, has no effect on psychological well-being. For this aspect of health, the effect of living conditions is largely direct, rather than indirect by way of medical care. Families characterized by high levels of functioning have children who are psychologically healthy. In addition, physical health affects psychological well-being, but not vice versa.

Analysis of Variance↗