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Biomedical subjects

C E Pope

Publications and source records attributed to C E Pope.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Intraluminal force transducer measurements of human oesophageal peristalsis.

A force transducer has been developed to measure peristaltic propulsive force (;pull') in the oesophagus. Utilizing a mercury-in-Silastic strain gauge to which a sphere has been attached, this transducer can be calibrated to measure value for force, work, and power. Variability in force values were found between different peristaltic waves at the same site, between different sites in the same subject, and between different control subjects. Control subjects' patterns did not change when the subjects were studied on separate occasions. Patients complaining of dysphagia, who had normal radiographs and manometric tracings, revealed force values that were significantly different from control values. This device should prove useful in the quantitation of oesophageal muscle function.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Determination of yield pressures: a method for measuring anal sphincter competence.

Resting pressures recorded from the anal sphincter by the open-tip method seem to reflect the last pressure to which the catheter tip was exposed before it entered the sphincter, presumable because sphincter tissues "seal" the recording orifice and thereby "trap" pressure within the recording system. By injecting or infusing small increments of fluid into the system, one can measure a physiologically meaningful pressure--the pressure required to break the "seal." For the resting sphincter, this pressure has been termed the resting yield pressure; for the maximally tightened sphincter, the augmented yield pressure. By determining yield pressures before and during active contraction of the sphincter the involuntary and voluntary components of sphincter function can be separately assessed. Measurement of yield pressures can separate sphincters judged competent or incompetent on clinical grounds. Injection of microliter quantities of fluid into the recording catheter whose tip is in the sphincter causes a marked rise in pressure. Although "bleeders" or constant slow infusions of fluid do not affect pressures recorded from within a cavity, they do significantly alter pressures recorded from a sphincter zone.

Anal Canal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The quality of life following antireflux surgery.

To improve the quality of life after antireflux surgery, the patient should notice improvement or disappearance of the symptoms leading to the surgery and should not acquire any new symptoms resulting from antireflux surgery. Published accounts of antireflux surgery results vary widely. Part of this variation may be due to nonstandard methods of evaluating symptoms. A system of symptom evaluation is proposed which takes into account the intensity and frequency of symptoms. It is hoped that this system will allow surgeons to refine and improve their techniques and results.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SP-I secretion by baboon embryos in vitro.

Baboon embryos cultured to postimplantation stages have been shown to secrete the placental protein SP-I into the culture medium in quantities of up to almost 5 micrograms/day, based on a rhesus monkey standard. Twelve embryos, for which spent media samples have been assayed, have been shown to secrete this protein, with measurable quantities usually being present on day four following attachment of the zonaless embryo to the culture dish. Secretion has continued for up to 14 days, with over 26 micrograms total SP-I secretion from one embryo. These observations further enhance the utility of the baboon embryo culture system as a model for studying early placental development in the primate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharyngeal pH monitoring in 222 patients with suspected laryngeal reflux.

To determine the existence of and characterize gastroesophagopharyngeal reflux in patients with symptoms of airway irritation, we monitored pharyngeal pH over a 24-hour period in 222 consecutive patients. Pharyngeal reflux was defined as a drop in pH to less than 4 at the pharyngeal sensor, which occurred simultaneously with acidification of the distal esophagus. Patients were divided into two groups: those with pharyngeal reflux (PR+) and those without (PR-). The Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t test were used to assess intergroup comparisons. Episodes of pharyngeal reflux (range 1 to 36, average 4.4) were identified in 90 PR+ patients (40%). No pharyngeal reflux was identified in the remaining 132 patients (PR-). Episodes of pharyngeal reflux were rapidly cleared (average duration 1.5 minutes), and occurred while in the upright position in 77 (86%) of 90 patients and while in the supine position in 11 (12%) of 90 patients. Twenty-three patients (25%) experienced symptoms in association with an episode of pharyngeal reflux. In the distal esophagus, the percentage of time the pH was below 4 during the upright position and the total percentage of time the pH was below 4 were greater in PR+ patients (6.4% and 5.8%, respectively) when compared to PR- patients (2.6% and 2.6%, respectively). Laryngoscopic findings did not distinguish PR+ from PR- patients. Pharyngeal reflux occurs most commonly in the upright position and can be identified in more than 40% of patients thought to have acid-induced laryngeal symptoms. Even though these episodes are short lived and rapidly cleared, symptoms occur concomitantly in 25% of patients with proven pharyngeal reflux. Patients with laryngeal symptoms and documented pharyngeal reflux have greater amounts of esophageal reflux when compared to patients with laryngeal symptoms and no demonstrable pharyngeal reflux.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of ejaculated domestic cat sperm motility with caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2'-deoxyadenosine.

Sperm motility patterns of cryopreserved domestic cat ejaculates treated at 37 degrees C with 1 mM caffeine, pentoxifylline, or 2'-deoxyadenosine were analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). The percent motility (MOT), curvilinear velocity (VLC), straight-line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were measured for each group following 15 min of treatment. Motility indices were examined during a 6-h treatment period to determine the effect of each chemical on sperm longevity. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2'-deoxyadenosine each increased (p > .05) the MOT and VCL of the ejaculates compared to the controls. The longevity of the treated and control samples were not significantly different throughout the incubation period. These results, similar to previous findings with cryopreserved epididymal cat sperm, demonstrate that motility stimulants can significantly elevate the MOT and VCL of cryopreserved ejaculated cat sperm without having deleterious effects on longevity.

Animals↗