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Biomedical subjects

C E Piccinato

Publications and source records attributed to C E Piccinato.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.

The present study was designed to determine forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge in patients with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Nine normal subjects and six acanthotic patients were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and during 3 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analysed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry in forearm. Two patients (1 and 6) with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans had impaired glucose tolerance. All other patients and normals revealed normal glucose tolerance during the tests. Decreased forearm muscle glucose uptake was observed in patients 1 and 6 compared to normal subjects (6.3 and 51.1 vs 127.7 +/- 10.1 mg/100 ml forearm.3 h, respectively). Decreased forearm muscle glucose oxidation was also observed in patient 1 as well as in patient 3 who showed normal glucose tolerance. Serum FFA levels were elevated in patient 1 but not in patient 3 and in the other acanthotic patients compared to the normal subjects. Serum insulin levels were significantly higher in acanthotic patients than in normals before and after glucose loading. The results of the present study revealed that two of six patients with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans who exhibited glucose intolerance also showed a decrease in peripheral muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism. Another patient (3) with normal glucose tolerance showed impaired muscle glucose oxidation but unaltered muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative metabolism during the 3 hours of study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1992

Hormonal and metabolic study of a case of adiposis dolorosa (Dercum's disease).

A case of a 43-year-old nonobese woman with adiposis dolorosa (Dercum's disease) is reported. Muscle glucose uptake and oxidation before and after ingestion of 75 g of glucose were similar to control group values, although a greater insulin release (16,578 vs 6,242 +/- 1,136 microU/3 h) occurred simultaneously. In vitro studies of abdominal normal and painful subcutaneous adipose tissue of the patient revealed lower responsiveness to norepinephrine and lack of response to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in the painful adipose tissue (0.98 vs 1.43 microM FFA/10(6) cells at 5.0 microM of norepinephrine). The disease was not correlated with the HLA system and there were no alterations in hormonal secretion at the pituitary, adrenal, gonadal, and thyroid levels. These findings indicate the presence of peripheral insulin resistance in this patient with adiposis dolorosa.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Peripheral glucose metabolism in acromegaly.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of chronic GH excess on forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Nine normal subjects and 10 nondiabetic acromegalic patients (5 of them with normal glucose tolerance) were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after the ingestion of 75 g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Decreased forearm glucose uptake was observed in the acromegalic patients compared to that in the normal subjects (380 +/- 84 vs. 709 +/- 56 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (262 +/- 81 vs. 572 +/- 53 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). The acromegalics with normal glucose tolerance also showed decreased forearm glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism compared to normal subjects (271 +/- 124 vs. 709 +/- 56 and 133 +/- 110 vs. 572 +/- 53 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h, respectively). Muscle glucose oxidation did not differ significantly in normal subjects, the entire group of acromegalic patients, and the acromegalics with normal glucose tolerance (137 +/- 18 vs. 118 +/- 22 vs. 138 +/- 34 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h, respectively). Serum FFA levels and lipid oxidation rates were similar in the normal subjects and the acromegalic patients, and declined in a similar fashion after glucose ingestion. Insulin levels were significantly higher in acromegalic patients than in normal subjects before and after glucose loading. In conclusion, this study showed that the insulin resistance occurring in the presence of chronic GH excess is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism, which are early derangements because they are also observed in acromegalic patients with normal glucose tolerance.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Intramitochondrial calcium and magnesium levels in skeletal muscle submitted to total or partial limb ischemia.

Skeletal muscle temperature and mitochondrial content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were measured after 3 h of total or partial limb ischemia in male Wistar rats (250-350 g). The decreases in biceps muscle temperature, measured with a needle thermistor (4.4 +/- 0.26 degrees C, mean +/- SEM (17 rats) and 6.3 +/- 0.26 degrees C (31 rats) in partial ischemia (PI, aorta clamp) and total ischemia (TI, hind leg tourniquet), respectively) were consistent with the expected extent of blood flow reduction for the two ischemic conditions. Mitochondrial calcium levels increased after partial ischemia from 2.67 +/- 0.13 (46 rats) to 4.65 +/- 0.38 (12 rats) nmol/mg protein and increased to 7.87 +/- 0.68 (14 rats) after total ischemia (P less than 0.05). In contrast, mitochondrial magnesium decreased after partial ischemia from 10.14 +/- 0.35 to 8.22 +/- 0.28 (13 rats) but increased in the mitochondria of muscle submitted to total ischemia to 12.0 +/- 0.80 (14 rats; P less than 0.05). No changes were observed in the number of binding sites for safranine, which competes for calcium binding sites on the inner mitochondrial membrane (25.46 +/- 0.38 nmol/mg protein for sham (20 rats) and 25 +/- 0.68 (7 rats) for PI and 25 +/- 0.31 (5 rats) for TI). The data suggest that the greater resistance of rat muscle to total than to partial ischemia may be due at least in part to the increased mitochondrial Mg2+ content.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Surgical treatment of dysphagia lusória].

Two cases of this anomaly, in women (26 and 49 years old), with symptoms of short duration (4 and 3 months) of dysphagia, regurgitation and esophagitis, without loss of weight, are presented. In both, the final diagnosis was made by mean of thoracic aortogram. Esophagoscopy realized only in the first patient, demonstrated the pulsatile esophageal compression. The first patient was operated on through a right cervical incision, made in the anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle. In the second, a partial sternotomy, combined with a right supraclavicular prolongation, was used. In both, the anomalous artery was taken from the aorta and behind the esophagus, and anastomosed to the right common carotid artery. The dysphagia disappeared in the second case, but persisted attenuated, in the first one. Manometric studies realized in the 3rd and 18th months postoperatively demonstrated an aperistaltic segment of the esophagus (between 4 and 7 cm from the superior sphincter).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral glucose metabolism in human hyperthyroidism.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of spontaneous hyperthyroidism on the forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Ten normal subjects and 11 hyperthyroid patients were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after ingestion of 75 g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Increased forearm glucose uptake was observed in the hyperthyroid patients compared to that in the normal subjects (1286 +/- 212 vs. 677 +/- 88 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h) with enhanced glucose oxidation (443 +/- 40 vs. 147 +/- 29 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Nonoxidative glucose metabolism was also greater in hyperthyroid patients than in normal subjects (842 +/- 234 vs. 529 +/- 90 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Basal serum FFA levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroid than in normal subjects (0.252 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.182 +/- 0.022 g/L), as were the basal lipid oxidation rates in the forearm muscles of the thyrotoxic individuals (0.290 +/- 0.066 vs. 0.088 +/- 0.016 mg/100 mL forearm.min). After glucose ingestion, serum FFA levels and lipid oxidation rates declined significantly to equivalent values in both groups of subjects, and the similar basal insulin concentrations increased to significantly higher levels in the hyperthyroid patients. In conclusion, spontaneous human hyperthyroidism increases glucose uptake by the forearm muscles in the postabsorptive state and during an oral glucose challenge, with augmented fluxes of glucose through the oxidative and nonoxidative pathways.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Effect of oral glucose on peripheral muscle fuel metabolism in fasted men.

1. The metabolic adaptations of peripheral muscle during a 5-day "modified" fast (daily oral intake of 200 g of glucose) were studied in 12 normal males. The volunteers were studied initially after receiving a balanced 2,400-kcal diet for at least 3 days (S1) and then after 5 days of modified fast (S2). The forearm muscle exchange of energy substrate (glucose) and the carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates in muscle were measured during the postabsorptive state (S1) and after an oral glucose challenge (S2). 2. Glucose intolerance was not observed in either situation. Arterial glucose levels increased from a basal value of 83 mg/100 ml to 171 mg/100 ml in S1 and to 187 mg/100 ml in S2 at 30 and 60 min, respectively, and returned to basal values at 180 min in both studies. Increased forearm glucose uptake was observed in S2 compared to S1 (121.7 +/- 17.1 vs 92.6 +/- 12.0 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1), with decreased glucose oxidation (23.8 +/- 3.7 vs 30.4 +/- 4.7 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1) and increased glucose storage (98.0 +/- 16.6 vs 62.2 +/- 10.8 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1) as muscle glycogen. 3. Basal serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels were significantly more elevated in S2 than S1 (1030 +/- 95 vs 657 +/- 59 mumol/l; P less than 0.05) but were markedly reduced by glucose ingestion in both studies (352 +/- 33 (S2) vs 364 +/- 30 (S1) mumol/l at 120 min). Basal FFA oxidation was similar in both studies (0.091 +/- 0.015 (S1) vs 0.105 +/- 0.019 (S2) mg 100 ml forearm-1 min-1) and decreased significantly 3 h after glucose ingestion only in S1 (0.030 +/- 0.010 (S1) vs 0.078 +/- 0.020 (S2) mg 100 ml forearm-1 min-1; P less than 0.05). 4. The insulin response to oral glucose was similar in both studies (11,060 +/- 899 (S1) vs 11,078 +/- 918 (S2) microU ml-1 3 h-1), but the peak concentration occurred later (60 min (S2) vs 30 min (S1] and basal levels were significantly lower in S2 compared to S1 (9.2 +/- 1.7 vs 11.1 +/- 1.5 microU/ml; P less than 0.05). 5. These data show that the metabolic adaptations of normal subjects to a 5-day "modified" fast (daily oral intake of 200 g glucose) were increased muscle uptake of glucose, with reduced glucose oxidation and increased glucose storage in the form of muscle glycogen.

Fasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of 50 and 100 g glucose loads on peripheral muscle glucose metabolism in normal man.

The present study was designed to determine the effects of 50 and 100 g glucose loads on forearm muscle glucose uptake, oxidation and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in normal man. Ten healthy male subjects were studied during the postabsorptive state (12-14 h overnight fast) and for 3 hours following glucose ingestion. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analysed by the use of the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Greater forearm muscle uptake and nonoxidative metabolism of glucose were observed in the subjects during the G.100 study than during the G.50 study (G.100 = 178.9 +/- 19.7 and 155.3 +/- 23.0 vs 103.5 +/- 16.6 and 85.2 +/- 16.7 mg/100 g forearm muscle. 3 h, respectively). the muscle glucose oxidation did not show significant difference after the two glucose loads. Insulin levels reached after 100 g glucose ingestion were significantly higher than after the 50 g glucose load. In conclusion, this study revealed a dose-dependent metabolic response in the muscular tissue of normal subjects to oral glucose loads of 50 and 100 g, with respect to forearm muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism. The oxidative responses of the muscle tissue to the oral glucose challenges seem not to be directly proportional to the ingested meals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst simulating thyroid nodule].

A parathyroid cyst is a rare disease. A 48 year old man with a nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst is described. The cyst was initially misdiagnosed and taken for a thyroid cyst based on physical examination, thyroid scan, sonography and needle biopsy. Cervical exploration was performed due to the recurrence of the lesion. The cyst was resected and histology showed it to be a parathyroid cyst. Pre and post operative clinical aspects are discussed.

Cysts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex-related differences in peripheral glucose metabolism in normal subjects.

The metabolic response of muscle tissue to glucose ingestion was studied in 10 normal men (M) and women (F) by using the forearm balance technique and indirect calorimetry simultaneously. During the 3 hours after a 75 g--oral glucose load, glucose uptake per unit muscle mass was significantly higher in women than in men, F = 187.3 +/- 26.9 vs M = 116.7 +/- 9.5 mg/100 g forearm muscle (P less than 0.05). A significant difference in muscle glucose fate was also observed since the amount of glucose utilized through a nonoxidative pathway was significantly higher in women, F = 84.5 +/- 2.6% (161.8 +/- 27.3 mg/100 g forearm muscle) vs M = 75.3 +/- 2.2% (87.2 +/- 8.6 mg/100 g forearm muscle) (P less than 0.05), whereas the amount of glucose oxidized in relation to glucose uptake was significantly higher in men, M = 24.7 +/- 2.2% (28.2 +/- 3.2 mg/100 g forearm muscle) vs F = 15.5 +/- 2.6% (27.8 +/- 5.4 mg/100 g forearm muscle) (P less than 0.05). No significant differences in insulin response to glucose ingestion were detected between groups. The women showed greater suppression of serum free fatty acids (FFA) levels in relation to basal levels than men. We conclude that: 1) after ingesting 75 g glucose, normal women showed greater glucose uptake per unit muscle mass than normal men, 2) for 3 hours after the ingestion of 75 g glucose, the predominant tendency toward utilizing glucose by a nonoxidative pathway is more marked in normal women than in normal men, and 3) the higher glucose uptake per unit muscle mass in the female group in the presence of an insulin response not significantly different from that of the male group suggests that muscle insulin sensitivity is greater in normal women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

Mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is an uncommon disease that carries a high mortality rate. In this report, two patients with this disease are presented. In the first case, Salmonella sp was cultured from an atherosclerotic aneurysm, and in the second patient, the aneurysm was a complication of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial endocarditis. Both presented suggestive clinical findings of the disease with fever, back pain, and pulsatile and expansive abdominal mass. The first patient was submitted to emergency aneurysmectomy with insertion of a dacron aorto-bi-iliac prosthesis and antibiotic therapy for a long period. He died two months after surgery due to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The second patient was submitted to a successful and not yet described arterial reconstruction which included ligation of the aortic aneurysm and interposition of an aorto-bi-iliac sequential venous graft with reverse autologous saphenous vein. The authors consider this technique to be a good choice for the surgical treatment of mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta particularly because it enables to avoid synthetic prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of glucose ingestion on peripheral glucose metabolism in normal man.

This study was designed to determine the forearm exchange of energetic substrates (glucose and free fatty acids) and the carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates of normal individuals, in the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Seventeen healthy male volunteers were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and during 3 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. The forearm glucose uptake rate reached the maximum at 60 minutes (0.935 +/- 0.098 mg/100 ml of forearm.min), while 114.9 +/- 9.4 and 90.1 +/- 8.4 mg/100 ml of forearm were the total and incremental peripheral uptake of glucose in 3 hours of study, respectively. After the ingestion of 75 g of glucose, an increase in the oxidation rate of this hexose was observed, corresponding to an increment in the basal oxidation of 21.0 +/- 2.6 mg/100 ml of forearm in 3 hours. The arterial and venous plasma levels of free fatty acids decreased significantly after the glucose meal, associated with a decrease in the lipid oxidation rate. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that, in normal subjects after ingestion of 75 g of glucose, 30.3 +/- 2.1 g (40.4% of the ingested load) of this substrate were processed by the skeletal muscle in the body as a whole and 8.1 +/- 0.6 g were oxidized in this tissue during 3 hours.

Adult↗