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Biomedical subjects

C E Minder

Publications and source records attributed to C E Minder.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense). III. Serum levels of immunoglobulins, heterophile antibodies, and antibodies to T. vivax.

Twenty-five steers were infected with T. vivax (EATRO 1721), 25 steers with T. congolense (EATRO 1800) and 25 steers kept as controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgM), natural antibodies to erythrocytes of chicken and sheep, and complement-fixing antibodies to T. vivax were measured. A significant decrease of serum IgM and natural antibodies to chicken erythrocytes occurred in the T. vivax group at day 9, i.e. at the decline of the first parasitemic wave. This was followed by a transient moderate increase of IgM accompanied by a transient decrease of IgG2. The T. congolense group had moderate decreases (less than 30%) of the mean IgG1 levels and moderate increases (less than or equal to 50%) of the mean IgG2, levels. It was concluded that there was little evidence for polyclonal activation of lymphocytes and that the decreased IgG1 levels in the T. congolense group might have been a reflection of immunosuppression. The complement-fixation test proved to be a sensitive tool for monitoring the antibody response to T. vivax.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids.

The association between corticosteroid therapy and subsequent infections was calculated by pooling data from 71 controlled clinical trials. The overall rate of infectious complications was 12.7% in the 2,111 patients randomly allocated to systemic corticosteroids and 8.0% in the 2,087 controls (relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.9; P less than .001). The risk of infection was particularly high in patients with neurologic diseases (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.3; P less than .001) and less pronounced in patients with intestinal (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7; P = .02), hepatic (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.3; P = .25), and renal (RR greater than 1; P = .03) diseases. The rate was not increased in patients given a daily dose of less than 10 mg or a cumulative dose of less than 700 mg of prednisone. With increasing doses the rate of occurrence of infectious complications increased in patients given corticosteroids as well as in patients given placebo, a finding suggesting that not only the corticosteroid but also the underlying disease state account for the steroid-associated infectious complications observed in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the epidemiology of running injuries. The 1984 Bern Grand-Prix study.

Using a survey questionnaire design, we investigated the incidence, site, and nature of jogging injuries among all participants of a popular 16 km race. The response rate was 83.6%. Of 4,358 male joggers, 45.8% had sustained jogging injuries during the 1 year study period, 14.2% had required medical care, and 2.3% had missed work because of jogging injuries. Occurrence of jogging injuries was independently associated with higher weekly mileage (P less than 0.001), history of previous running injuries (P less than 0.001), and competitive training motivation (P = 0.03). Higher mileage was also associated with more frequent medical consultations due entirely to jogging-related injuries. In 33 to 44 year olds (N = 1,757), the number of years of running was inversely related to incidence of injuries (P = 0.02). Injuries were not significantly related to race running speed, training surface, characteristics of running shoes, or relative weight. Achillodynia and calf muscle symptoms were the two most common overuse injuries and occurred significantly more often among older runners with increased weekly mileage. We conclude that jogging injuries are frequent, that the number of firmly established etiologic factors is low, and that, in recommending jogging, moderation should be the watchword.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer in first degree relatives of 180 female breast cancer patients.

The risk of breast cancer and of all malignancies was assessed in first degree relatives of 180 women with breast cancer using a historical cohort study approach. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for breast cancer in mothers: 1.97 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.27 to 2.91) and in all female first degree relatives: 1.55 (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.15). For breast cancer in sisters it was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.56 to 2.01). For all malignancies the SIR for mothers was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.85 to 1.44), for sisters 1.09 (95% CI: 0.77 to 1.49) and for all female first degree relatives 1.08 (95% CI: 0.89 to 1.32). This study confirms previous investigations showing that breast cancer occurs more frequently in female first degree relatives of women with breast cancer than in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex differences in drug use by over 75-year-old persons at home: an epidemiologic study in Bern].

The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences of medication use in a random sample of community-dwelling elderly subjects (N = 791). The average number of different medications in women (N = 578) was higher than in men (N = 213) (4.0 vs. 3.5, age corrected ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3). However, despite this relatively small difference in number of medications there was a major gender difference in the pattern of medications used. Compared to men, women had a higher use of benzodiazepines (risk ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.3), diuretics (1.5, 1.1-2.0), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (1.7, 1.2-2.3), and anti-depressants (2.5, 1.1-5.5), but a lower use of pulmonary (0.5, 0.3-0.9) and gout medications (0.2, 0.1-0.6). These gender differences in medication use can be explained by the fact that compared to men, women have a higher prevalence of non-lethal chronic conditions such as degenerative joint disease and hypertension. However, additional factors such as gender-specific differences in patient or physician behavior are likely to contribute to the observed differences in medication use as well. Overall, 36% of all women and 21% of all men were using benzodiazepines, with 42% of these subjects using long-acting compounds. Furthermore, 24% of all women and 15% of all men reported use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents for which safer medication and non-medication alternatives would be available in many cases. Thus, women had a higher risk of inappropriate medication use than men. On the other hand, the finding that antidepressant use was 3% in men and 7% in women indicates that compared to women, men might be at increased risk for undertreatment of depression. Further causal evaluation of gender differences in both medication use and patient-physician interaction might contribute to detection and reduction of inappropriate drug use in older persons.

Aged↗