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Biomedical subjects

C E Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to C E Lewis.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Drinking patterns in homosexual and heterosexual women.

The lifetime prevalence of heavy and problem drinking was found to be significantly higher in a sample of homosexual women (N = 57) compared to a demographically matched sample of heterosexual women (N = 43). This prevalence of excessive drinking is not explained by personality traits, psychiatric diagnosis, gender identity, history of frequenting gay bars, or family history of alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The significance of secondary depression.

Secondary depression is a depression in an individual who has one or more preexisting, nonaffective psychiatric disorders or an incapacitating or life-threatening medical illness which precedes and parallels the symptoms of depression. Secondary depression is commonly seen in patients presenting to psychiatric facilities. For every 5 patients who are seen with a diagnosis of depression, approximately 2 should be classified as secondary. A patient with secondary depression is more likely to be younger, male, and to have a family history of alcoholism. His first diagnosis is most likely to be alcoholism; however, the preceding diagnosis varies depending on the setting in which the patient is seen. Hysteria, sociopathy, drug abuse and anxiety neurosis are also common. The symptom picture of secondary depression is almost indistinguishable from primary depression. One important reason a patient enters psychiatric treatment is that he develops a coexistent depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with renal carcinoma.

The first case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with renal carcinoma is reported. Differentiation of the 2 entities clinically may be difficult and, since treatment regimens recommended in the past have included partial nephrectomy in cases of limited xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, one must hereafter be aware of such a combination when considering such a therapeutic modality.

Granuloma↗
PubMed1980

Child-initiated health care.

For us, the 1970s have meant involvement in a variety of settings and a slow but progressive exploration of the extent to which children can and should be involved actively in the processes of their own health care. All of the evidence suggests that children are far more competent than adults believe them to be and, given the opportunity, they might grow up to do that which we as adults do very poorly - take care of ourselves. While studies of health-related beliefs and behaviors of children were relatively uncommon prior to the 1970s, we predict that the 1980s will see a flurry of activity in this area as it becomes apparent that the attitudes and behaviors which are the principle determinants of health status in adulthood are formed very early, and that these can be influenced for the better by those who care about the health of children.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1979

The contribution of specialists to the delivery of primary care.

Despite increased numbers of medical-school graduates and opportunities for "primary-care" specialty training since the mid-1960's, many believe that the shortage of physicians delivering generalist care will continue through the 1980's. Missing, however, is solid information on the role of physician specialists in providing such care. Two national studies have shown that one of every five Americans now receives continuing general medical care from a specialist physician. Our study suggests that, despite the current shortage of generalist-physician services, continuing specialist participation in primary care will lead to sufficient generalist medical services by the mid-1980's. Whether specialist participation is the most appropriate or cost-effective way to improve access to such care is unclear. However, until this question is resolved, more governmental regulation of graduate medical education may be unwise. Offering all physicains, regardless of specialty, more primary-care experience during residency training might better deal with this aspect of American medical practice.

California↗
PubMed1979

A national study of medical and surgical specialties. III. An empirical approach to the classification of patient care.

A major feature of a national survey of medical and surgical specialties is the development and application of an algorithm for classifying patient care services provided by physicians. The care classification reflects much of prevailing opinion regarding what constitutes primary and nonprimary care. The classification system provides a powerful tool for the analysis of patient care services, since it is based on conditions of access to care, the physician's role in providing the care, measures associated with continuity of care, and a proxy measure of comprehensiveness of care. Furthermore, it is based on the recordings by physicians of actual patient-encounter characteristics and is not operationally dependent on physician characteristics or propensities.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1979

Availability of lysine in protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs and rats and by chemical techniques.

1. A slope-ratio assay was developed with growing pigs to determine the availability of lysine in five protein concentrates. The basal diet contained 5.2 g lysine/kg and six levels of lysine, in 500 mg/kg increments, were used to determine the pig's response to standard lysine. The protein concentrates were incorporated into the basal diet to provide five levels of total lysine, again in 500 mg/kg increments, at the expense of wheat starch. A daily feeding scale based on live weight was used to ensure similar nutrient intakes. Pigs were fed at three-hourly intervals to ensure the utilization of free amino acids in the diets. Four pigs were allotted to each dose level and response was assessed over the 20--45 kg growth phase. 2. Potency estimates for available lysine in the five protein concentrates varied, depending on whether live-weight gain or carcass gain was used as the criterion of response. Carcass gain was considered more appropriate as it was not influenced by variation in gut fill. Availability of lysine in the five proteins, using carcass gain/d were (proportion of total) cottonseed meal 0.39,fish meal 0.89, meat-and-bone meal 0.50, skim-milk powder 0.88 and soya-bean meal 0.87. 3. Rat slope-ratio assay results for available lysine in the five protein concentrates were in general agreement with those from the pigs. In contrast, the differences in available lysine were not detected by the chemical Silcock available-lysine test (Roach et al. 1967) nor by the direct fluorodinitrobenzene procedure (Carpenter, 1960).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Attitudes toward self-care among practicing physicians.

Self-care, although growing as a concept and a movement among providers and consumers, has not been studied systematically in any dimension. Because of the potential role of physicians in establishing the credibility and acceptability of self-care interventions and practices, an exploratory investigation was launched to develop an attitude instrument, to describe the degree to which practicing physicians in a community favor self-care, and to explore some of the correlates of the attitudes expressed. A 13-item attitude scale was developed. Physicians with the most favorable attitudes were most likely to have come from a Jewish religious background, to be under 46 years old, to have health beliefs which reflect an internal locus of control, and to be in a group practice or clinic. Physicians with the least favorable attitudes came from Protestant backgrounds, were 46 to 63 years old, had externally controlled health beliefs, and practiced medicine alone.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

An evaluation of total lysine as a predictor of lysine status in protein concentrates for growing pigs.

1. Eight protein concentrates were compared on a total lysine basis in lysine-deficient diets for pigs during the 20--45 kg growth phase. Each diet was also supplemented with free lysine to verify that lysine was the first limiting amino acid. 2. With fish meal, skim-milk powder, rapeseed meal and soya-bean meal growth rates and feed conversion efficiencies were similar and superior (P less than 0.05) to those produced with cottonseed meal, two meat meals and sunflower meal. 3. The response to added free lysine confirmed that lysine was the first limiting amino acid in all diets except skim milk, where the growth response was not significant (P less than 0.05). 4. The growth response of the pigs indicated that the availability of lysine in cottonseed meal, the two meat meals and sunflower meal was reduced by approximately 60% compared to that in the other protein concentrates. 5. Rat bio-assay estimates of the availability of lysine in the protein concentrates were in general agreement with those calculated from the response in pigs. There was little relationship between the Silcock estimates for lysine availability for the cottonseed, meat meals or sunflower meal relative to either the rat bio-assay estimates or the response of pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reviewing results of psychological tests in a patient group.

Believing that much helpful information from psychological test results was not being transmitted to patients, psychologists on a teaching ward at a Veterans Administration hospital began holding group sessions to explain the results of psychological tests to patients. Attendance was voluntary, but 96 per cent of the patients who were tested in a one-year period attended, an average of four or five each session. The psychologist described routine tests and how the results were used and then presented individual test results, giving practical illustrations of the findings and emphasizing patients' strengths and coping styles. Scores from questionnaires administered to patients after they completed the tests and at the end of the group session showed that their attitudes toward tests became more positive after the group session, and that they felt that hearing their own and others' test results had been helpful.

Hospitals, Veterans↗
PubMed1978

Informed consent by children and participation in an influenza vaccine trial.

Two hundred thirteen school children, ages six to nine, were presented the opportunity to participate in an experimental trial of swine influenza vaccine. In non-directive question and answer sessions, all groups of children except one composed only of six year olds elicited all relevant information on the details of the trial and the associated risks and benefits. Forty-six per cent of the subjects declined to participate. Letters requiring informed consent of the parents were sent to the homes of the others. Almost 15 per cent of these parents agreed to their children's participation. In this setting, children initiate their own visits to the school nurse practitioner. A significant association was found between volunteering for the study and higher use of services (but not for medical reasons). Younger children and boys, regardless of their patterns of use, were less inclined to volunteer for the experiment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The potential impact of sexual equality on health.

There are major differences between the sexes in morbidity and mortality rates. At all ages males have higher death rates and are more frequently afflicted with the chronic diseases associated with considerable reductions in longevity. Trend data indicate that males have become relatively more disadvantaged during a period characterized by major advances in medicine and increased access to care. In contrast, rates of disability and use of services are higher among females. There is some evidence that these differences are associated more with behavioral than with biologic factors. Certain shifts in age-specific mortality rates reflect sex-role-related changes in behavior--e.g., increased consumption of tobacco by women and a reversal in sex mortality ratio for cancer of the lung. Changes in sex roles may affect directly, or indirectly through family dynamics, the health status of both sexes.

Acute Disease↗