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Biomedical subjects

C E Koop

Publications and source records attributed to C E Koop.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Challenge of AIDS.

Ethical challenges posed by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. A small minority of health-care workers are refusing to treat persons with AIDS because they fear exposure, and some hospitals known to care for AIDS patients are being avoided as sites for training in the health professions. Some patients also are avoiding institutions that care for AIDS patients. The United States Department of Labor and Department of Health and Human Services have issued safety guidelines for health-care workers; the guidelines are intended to protect workers and to convince them not to shun AIDS patients. Given the high cost of care for AIDS patients, the question of whether the nation can pay for the best possible care for every patient must be dealt with. Also, the right of an individual to confidentiality must be balanced against risk to the community. To deal compassionately and justly with AIDS, courageous leadership and serious discussion of ethical issues are needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Microdiverticulitis: a rare but distinct cause of small bowel obstruction in early infancy.

During a 20-year period, eight term infants admitted to a large children's hospital for treatment of dehydration associated with diarrhea (6) and vomiting (2), and who ranged in age from 10 to 60 days at onset of symptoms and 18 to 75 days at presentation, developed distal small bowel obstruction following apparently successful rehydration. With the exception of a single infant who was dead on arrival, and another whose obstruction went unrecognized, all infants came to operation shortly after obstruction was confirmed. In each case, a severely inflamed area of distal ileum (7) or proximal colon (1) was found at autopsy (2) or operation (6) to be the cause; perforation was present in four of the cases. Resection of the diseased segments of intestine, and primary anastomosis, were performed in all six operated cases; reoperation was required in four of the six for leaks (3) and adhesions (1). All but two survived. Pathologically, the resected intestinal segments showed a unique pattern of injury: numerous punctate ulcers were apparent, which undermined the muscularis mucosae, without evidence of necrosis. Regenerating epithelium extended through these defects, resulting in the presence of glandular invaginations, which were surrounded by a brisk inflammatory response: hence the term "microdiverticulitis." We believe this lesion represents a beginning or furtive attempt at repair of severely inflamed, but viable intestine, and that it is a rare but true cause of small bowel obstruction in early infancy, separate and distinct from necrotizing enterocolitis.

Diverticulitis↗
PubMed1986

A mouse model for the study of necrotizing enterocolitis.

A mouse model for the study of necrotizing enterocolitis is presented. It is a model of temporary intestinal ischemia and consists of occluding both superior mesenteric vessels with a bulldog clamp for varying periods of time. The resultant lesions resemble the intestinal lesions seen in necrotizing enterocolitis in respect to the gradual development of the necrotizing lesions and their patchy distribution. We also studied the effect of intravenous saline and low molecular weight dextran in preventing the development of these ischemic lesions. In moderate ischemia, saline and dextran show a similar protective effect, and in severe ischemia, both show a protective effect, with dextran being more effective than saline.

Animals↗