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Biomedical subjects

C E Graham

Publications and source records attributed to C E Graham.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Triple arthrodesis in adults.

Twenty-two adult patients who underwent a triple arthrodesis because of hindfoot pain and/or deformity were reviewed retrospectively with a minimum 3-year follow-up. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon using a two-incision technique and internal fixation. Objective results were good in eight (36%) patients, fair in 13 (59%), and poor in one (5%). There were two asymptomatic nonunions of the talonavicular joint, no infections, and no neuromas. Eleven patients had radiographic evidence of tibiotalar arthritis, and eleven patients had midfoot arthritic changes that had progressed after the operation. Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high, and 21 of 22 (95%) patients felt that they were improved overall and would have the surgery again if indicated. Although the procedure is technically demanding, patient satisfaction is high and complications can be kept to a minimum if proper surgical technique is utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees.

Reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) aged 35-48 years. Forty-eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. Data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. Most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. After exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cycle frequency (+/- standard error)/year was 9.54 +/- 0.20 in seven animals aged 15-25 (432 cycles analyzed) compared to 8.6 +/- 0.76 in the same animals at age 35 + years (405 cycles analyzed); this effect approached significance (p = 0.072, Mann-Whitney U-test). Cycle length of 16 cycles in each of seven animals aged 15-25 was 32.23 +/- 0.38 days. The same animals when aged over 35 had mean cycle lengths of 35.59 +/- 0.73. This difference was not significant, although cycle lengths clearly increased with age in some individual animals. In five aged animals for which mating data was available, appropriate exposure to a male occurred in 52 cycles, but only two pregnancies occurred; one pregnancy resulted in a live birth at age 38, the other in a stillbirth at age 40. This conception rate was 3.85% compared with 20% in the same animals aged 15-25. These data suggest greatly reduced fertility after age 35, although menstrual cycle frequency remained high. The persistence of menstrual cyclicity until death, which occurred due to natural causes at latest in the fifth decade, is in striking contrast to the human female in which menopause occurs in the fifth decade and death is often postponed for several more decades.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Lumbosacral fusion using internal fixation with a spinous process for the graft: a review of 50 patients with a five-year maximum follow-up.

During a 5 year period 50 patients with chronic low back pain, with or without sciatica due to a proven lumbosacral disk lesion, underwent a spinal fusion using the Boucher method of screw fixation of the facet joints. The L-4 spinous process was excised and fashioned into an H-shape to act as the bone graft between the spinous processes so avoiding an iliac crest incision. Thus blood loss and operating time were substantially diminished. The screws maintain fixation for an 8-week period during which time the graft is "taking." Being inserted with spinous processes distracted about 1 cm the screws and the graft take the load off the painful posterior part of the annulus, and in addition, the distraction of the spinous processes enlarges the intervertebral foramina by about 1 cm thus making subsequent foraminal stenosis unlikely. Loosening of the screws after incorporation of the graft was observed in some cases, but was not considered to be clinically significant. Spinal fusion using screws for internal fixation including indications and contraindications requires careful consideration of operative technique, postoperative management and complications. The clinical evolution of 86% of the patients was rated good or fair from a clinical standpoint; 86% showed a fusion; 14% demonstrated a pseudarthrosis. Three of the 7 pseudarthrotic patients had a good clinical result. The other 4 had only a fair clinical result. Nine of the 14 patients with fair clinical results had a fusion radiologically; all 7 of the clinically unimproved had a fusion. Since the graft is placed at least 1 cm dorsal to the laminae, spinal cancal stenosis is extremely unlikely.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adrenarche: a survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates.

The concentrations of the adrenal steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) have been measured by RIA before and after sexual maturation in plasma of rodents, domestic animals, and primates to determine whether these species exhibit and adrenarchal process comparable to man. The average concentrations of DHA and DHAS were less than 60 ng/dl and 5 microgram/dl, respectively, in plasma of sexually mature rodents and domestic animals, and a significant increase in the plasma DHA level after sexual maturation was seen only in the rabbit and dog. The concentrations of DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A in 21 rhesus monekeys from 0-3 yr of age were 2021 +/- 235 ng/dl (mean +/- SE), 357 +/- 60 microgram/dl, and 107 +/- 9 ng/dl, respectively, and did not increase during sexual maturation. By contrast, DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A levels in plasma of chimpanzees were 5.9-fold, 3.3-fold, and 4.8-fold greater, respectively, in 7- to 22-compared to 0- to 3-yr-old animals. Temporally, the increase in DHA levels in the chimpanzee is apparent at 5 yr and this precedes the increase in gonadal steroids, as is characteristic of human adrenarche. It is apparent that adrenal androgen levels and their developmental patterns differ markedly among species, and that among the species examined, only the chimpanzee exhibits an adrenarche comparable to that of man.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1977

Ovarian tumors and related lesions in aged chimpanzees.

The ovaries of a 48-year-old chimpanzee each contained a large bilateral fibrothecoma. A 39-year-old chimpanzee had two small fibrothecomas in one ovary and a well-differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in the other; there also was adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium. Both animals had extensive thecal hypertrophy in the ovaries. Thecal hypertrophy might have been a source of excessive estrogen and could have been a partial cause of the ovarian tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The association between basal body temperature, sexual swelling and urinary gonadal hormone levels in the menstrual cycle of the chimpanzee.

Basal body temperature (BBT) was measured continuously by radiotelemetry throughout 14 chimpanzee menstrual cycles and correlated with daily observations of the sexual skin swelling. A biphasic BBT shift from a pre-nadir mean of 36-12 degrees C to a post-nadir mean of 36-67 degrees C was observed in 12 cycles. The temperature nadir showed a close temporal relationship with detumescence of the sexual skin swelling (an early luteal event), but the rate of temperature rise after the nadir was variable. In 3 normal cycles studied, the temperature nadir occurred the day after a urinary oestrone peak, but there was no consistent temporal association between BBT rise and pregnanediol increment. Progesterone secretion is therefore probably not the sole determinant of the BBT shift; the changing oestrogen/progestin ratio may be the more important factor regulating body temperature during the luteal phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Technique of laparoscopy in the chimpanzee.

We have developed the technique of laparoscopy in the chimpanzee using a modification of the standard human procedure. The technique requires careful management, but permits repeated examination, high quality photography, ovarian biopsy, follicle aspiration and injections into the ovary. The chimpanzee may thus be useful for evaluating new techniques or instrumentation intended for human patients. In addition, laparoscopy access to the internal genitalia enhances the value of the chimpanzee as an experimental model.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition pregnancy tests in the chimpanzee and the orangutan.

A hemagglutination inhibition pregnancy test (Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test), based on antiserum to the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone was evaluated for use in the chimpanzee and orangutan. The test was shown to give earlier indication of pregnancy in both species that two sensitive tests currently available for use in man (the Pregnosticon Accusphere Test and the UCG-Test). A comparison of sensitivity to chimpanzee chorionic gonadotropin was performed. The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test was 10 and 15 times as sensitive as the UCG-Test and the Pregnostican Accusphere Test respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Chemonucleolysis: a double blind study comparing chemonucleolysis with intra discal hydrocortisone: in the treatment of backache and sciatica.

This paper attempts to answer the controversial question, namely, how effective is chemonucleolysis in the treatment of discogenic back pain and sciatica? By using a type of double-blind study, a comparison has been made between 20 patients who were treated with chemonucleolysis and 20 who were treated with intra-discal hydrocortisone. The 2 year post-injection survey by an independent observer, demonstrated that chemonucleolysis produced 9 good, 3 fair, and 8 unimproved results in 20 patients. In contrast, hydrocortisone produced 3 good, 8 fair, and 8 unimproved results in 20 patients - one patient dying from unrelated causes. Although not statistically significant, the data suggest that chemonucleolysis was superior to intra-discal hydrocortisone in this series.

Adult↗