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Biomedical subjects

C E Davis

Publications and source records attributed to C E Davis.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Norwalk gastrointestinal illness: an outbreak associated with swimming in a recreational lake and secondary person-to-person transmission.

An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in which headache, low grade fever and myalgia were common symptoms occurred among persons who visited a recreational park in Macomb County, Michigan, on July 13-16, 1979. The temporal clustering of onsets of 121 persons who were the first in their households to become ill suggested an incubation period ranging from 4-77 hours. A history of swimming in the park's lake was elicited with significantly greater frequency from these persons than from park visitors who were not ill (age standardized odds ratio = 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-12.7). One hundred twenty-six park visitors who became ill were household contacts of index patients who had swum in the lake; at least 62 of these 126 cases were probably due to secondary transmission. A secondary attack rate of 19% was observed in household contacts who had not visited the park. Serologic studies identified Norwalk virus as the etiologic agent. The source of the contamination of the lake could not be determined. Although some water samples collected just before and after the epidemic period had high coliform counts, the geometric mean coliform density of all samples collected on those days was within the limits established by the Environmental Protection Agency as acceptable for recreational contact water.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Thrombocytopenia: a uniform complication of African trypanosomiasis.

Because an increasing number of reports have indicated that thrombocytopenia may occur during the course of African trypanosomiasis, a comprehensive study was designed to analyse the variables influencing the incidence and severity of this complication. Thrombocytopenia occurred in all of 40 infected domestic livestock and wildlife that were studied. The magnitude of the platelet reduction was independent of the route of inoculation (intravenous or transmission by tsetse), the genus or breed of livestock, and the species or variable antigen type (VAT) of trypanosome (several VATs of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) rhodesiense, T. (T.) brucei, T. (Nannomonas) congolonse, and T. (Duttonella) vivax. All 51 rats studied also became severely thrombocytopenic at the peak of parasitaemia with each of these 4 species and T. (T.) gambiense. The only variable that caused a statistically significant difference in the severity of thrombocytopenia was the height of parasitaemia, which was directly related to the reduction in the number of platelets. Rat platelets were more resistant than those of livestock to a given number of trypanosomes per ml of blood but became equally depressed during the course of the infection because the peak parasitaemia of rats was much higher. The data indicate that thrombocytopenia is a universal complication of African trypanosomiasis and underscore the potential importance of platelet damage in the pathogenesis of the coagulopathies, hemorrhage, vasoconstriction, and tissue damage that complicate this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Role of magnesium in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for lipopolysaccharides of rough Escherichia coli strain J5 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of a rough strain of Escherichia coli (J5) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was developed. When standard methods of this assay were applied to these LPSs, no antibody was measured. By radiolabeling smooth and rough endotoxins with 51Cr, it was discovered that the rough LPS was not adhering to the polystyrene tubes. When Mg++ was added, however, all endotoxins absorbed to the solid phase. With this assay antiserum to core glycolipid had higher titers against its smooth parent strain than did homologous glycolipid had higher titers against its smooth parent strain that did homologous antiserum, and antisera to gonococci had high homologous but low heterologous titers. Thus, these data demonstrate that bulky O side chains do not hinder the penetration of antibody to core glycolipid and that LPSs from gonococci are heterogeneous but do cross-react.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Correlations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with other plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.

We investigated the association of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels with levels of cholesterol in other plasma lipoprotein fractions (low-density [LDL], very low density [VLDL] and their sum) and with total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 3493 males and 3318 females in the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Prevalence Study. Correlation coefficients were calculated for each stratum of age, sex and hormone use using a logarithmic transformation. The correlations of log HDL cholesterol with the other lipid and lipoprotein fractions generally depended strongly on age and sex but not on use of gonadal hormones. In the 20-70-year range, the age dependence of each correlation coefficient was well described by a linear regression model. The weakly positive association between HDL and total cholesterol levels in adults and the marked negative association of HDL cholesterol with triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels in almost all strata are in good general agreement with the results of earlier studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The epidemiology of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Summary.

Correlates of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were studied in 4756 white males and females ages 20-59 years examined during a population survey conducted by 10 North American Lipid Research Clinics. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the relation of social, demographic, physical and behavioral characteristics for HDL cholesterol in each of the study populations and in subgroups defined by sex, age and gonadal hormone use. Characteristics associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations were a lean body habitus, not smoking, consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol, physical activity or exercise, membership in a high educational stratum, increased age and low dietary consumption of sucrose and starch. Each of these characteristics was examined in detail in its relation to HDL cholesterol concentrations in the respective chapters in this monograph; the purpose of the study reported here was to summarize the findings. When all variables were considered simultaneously in the analysis, body mass, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were the attributes most strongly and consistently associated with HDL cholesterol concentrations in the populations examined. These empirical findings from a cross-sectional study replicated across diverse populations were used to derive speculative estimates of the potential for modification of population levels of HDL cholesterol, consistent with hygienic intervention and lifestyle changes. The results of the study were considered in the context of the literature on determinants of HDL cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Child abuse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Spontaneous regression of advanced intra-abdominal metastases with 20 year survival.

A 35-year-old man with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who is alive and well 20 years following diagnosis at age 15, is represented. At the initial operation for a bleeding duodenal ulcer a ZE tumor of the pancreas also was excised. After two additional ineffective ulcer operations, total gastrectomy was performed. At that time, retroperitoneal and peripancreatic metastases were noted, and several were removed. Three years later at laparotomy, extensive hepatic metastases were biopsied as well. Spontaneous remission occurred and when re-explored at age 34, after 14 years, no metastases were identifiable in any area. The serum gastrin level has remained elevated, casting doubt upon its value as a criterion for evaluation of tumor recurrence or activity. Other additional interesting aspects are discussed. The importance of elimination of the acid-secreting cells by total gastrectomy is emphasized. The patient remains well.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Neutralization of meningococcal endotoxin by antibody to core glycolipid.

Antibodies to Escherichia coli J5, a uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose epimerase-less mutant of E. coli 0111, neutralized meningococcal endotoxemia from all three major capsular serogroups. We chose the dermal necrosis of the local Shwartzman phenomenon and the renal cortical necrosis of the general Shwartzman phenomenon as assays because these are the hallmarks of meningococcemia, and because meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a uniquely potent cause of dermal purpura and necrosis. Meningococcal antisera raised against LPS from MGC A, B, and C also provided good protection against endotoxemia from the homologous capsular groups, but it was inconsistent against the heterologous serogroups. The superiority of J5 antibodies (purified IgG as well as antiserum) is probably due to the fact that J5 LPS contains only the endotoxin core. Consequently, immunization with this mutant stimulates production of antibodies to core LPS without interference by the "0" antigenic determinants of the side chains. These observations indicate that the endotoxin core is the toxic moiety of meningococcal LPS, that the core LPS of meningococcus (MGC) is immunologically similar to enteric LPS, and that the antigenically variable "0" side chains of MGC LPS interfere with antibody production against the common core. They also suggest that antibodies prepared against this E. coli mutant could interrupt the devastating course of meningococcal endotoxemia in man, regardless of the capsular serogroup of the infecting strain.

Animals↗