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Biomedical subjects

C E Cox

Publications and source records attributed to C E Cox.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Clinical experience with ofloxacin in urinary tract infection.

Preliminary data from the U.S. regarding the safety and efficacy of ofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections are presented. Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections with either 200 mg or 300 mg ofloxacin b.i.d. was as effective as treatment with a standard therapy, co-trimoxazole. In another series of patients with underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract, ofloxacin therapy resulted in fewer failures and relapses than co-trimoxazole treatment. Ofloxacin was well tolerated in these studies.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1986

Timentin versus piperacillin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of Timentin (ticarcillin plus potassium clavulanate) and piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. There were 37 evaluable patients in the Timentin-treated group and 39 in the piperacillin-treated group. The 43 infection sites in each group were primarily complicated pyelonephritis or complicated cystitis; six patients in the Timentin-treated group and four in the piperacillin-treated group also had septicaemia. Both ticarcillin (3 g) plus potassium clavulanate (200 mg) and piperacillin (125-200 mg/kg per day) were administered intravenously. The 43 most common pathogens in each treatment group were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract and E. coli from the blood. Nine pathogens in the Timentin-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group were resistant to ticarcillin in vitro. Eradication was achieved for 39 of the 43 (91%) pathogens in the Timentin group, including all six organisms isolated from the blood, and eight (89%) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. In the piperacillin-treated group, 33 of the 43 (77%) pathogens were eradicated, including three of the four blood isolates, but only eight (73%) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. Clinical cure or improvement occurred in 97% of the patients in each group. Mild and transient increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophils were reported for 11 patients in the Timentin group and seven in the piperacillin group. In one patient in the Timentin group, a drug-related rash and nausea developed, and treatment was discontinued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium versus piperacillin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. There were 37 evaluable patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 39 in the piperacillin-treated group. The 43 infection sites in each group were primarily complicated pyelonephritis or complicated cystitis; six patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and four in the piperacillin-treated group also had septicemia. Both ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanate potassium (200 mg) and piperacillin (125 to 200 mg/kg per day) were administered intravenously. The 43 most common pathogens in each treatment group were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract and E. coli from the blood. Eight pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group were resistant to ticarcillin in vitro. Eradication was achieved for 39 of the 43 (91 percent) pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium group, including all six organisms isolated from the blood and eight (89 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. In the piperacillin-treated group, 33 of the 43 (77 percent) pathogens were eradicated, including three of the four blood isolates but only eight (73 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. The rate of reinfection or relapse was similar in both groups. Clinical cure or improvement occurred in 97 percent of the patients in each group. Mild and transient increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophilia was reported for 11 patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and for seven in the piperacillin-treated group. In one patient in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group, a drug-related rash and nausea developed, and treatment was discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Safety and efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Forty-three patients were treated with imipenem/cilastatin for urinary tract infections. The patients were predominantly men (77 percent), 60 years of age or older (81 percent), and had infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58 percent). Forty of 43 cases were complicated (including tumor, stone, obstruction, and renal insufficiency). Approximately 33 percent of patients were febrile (temperature greater than 100.4 degrees). All patients received 500 mg of imipenem/cilastatin intravenously every eight hours. Microbiologic eradication was defined as a sterile urine culture sample obtained from two consecutive urine cultures, one during therapy and one five to nine days after therapy. All patients experienced clinical improvement with microbiologic eradication. No patients experienced drug-related clinical adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Parenteral amdinocillin for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Amdinocillin was administered to 55 male and female patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Forty-eight of these patients (28 men and 20 women) were evaluated to determine the safety and efficacy of amdinocillin. Therapy was instituted intravenously and concluded intramuscularly for a total of 7.8 mean therapy days. Toxicity was negligible and side effects were limited to presumed penicillin-allergic reactions. Escherichia coli was the infecting organism in 60 percent of the patients. In 79 percent of the patients, the infections were cured during therapy and from five to nine days following therapy. It was concluded that amdinocillin is a satisfactory antibiotic for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with susceptible organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Preliminary report on a comparative trial of cefotetan and cefoxitin in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Cefotetan was compared with cefoxitin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with complicated as well as uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Cefotetan produced high peak and trough plasma and urine concentrations with a twice-daily dosing schedule. The intravenous administration of 1 or 2 g of cefotetan every 12 h was effective in treating urinary tract infections due to susceptible Gram-negative bacteria and compared favourably with the results obtained with 1 or 2 g of cefoxitin every 8 h. Similar types of non-serious adverse reactions occurred with both drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of azlocillin and ticarcillin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

In a prospective, controlled, and randomized study, 79 patients with urinary tract infections primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with azlocillin at 8 g/day or ticarcillin at 12 g/day for 5 to 23 days. The evaluations of clinical and bacteriological responses of the patients to therapy were made by a 'blind' third-party observer. Overall, 74% of the 38 patients treated with azlocillin were cured, as were 67% of the 33 treated with ticarcillin. A favourable clinical response to azlocillin was achieved in 34 (89.4%) of the patients; 30 (93.8%) of the ticarcillin-treated patients had a favourable clinical response. Bacteriologically, administration of azlocillin eliminated the causative organisms in 31 of the infections (92.1%); the causative organisms were eliminated in 31 of the infections (96.9%) treated with ticarcillin. In both groups, in addition to bacterial persistence, treatment failures were due to bacteriological superinfection, generally with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae. No local reactions were reported for either treatment group. One 80-year-old patient with prostatic carcinoma treated with azlocillin had a mild and reversible decrease in renal function during therapy, and another developed a mild pruritic rash. The results of this study indicate that azlocillin at 8 g/day is as effective as ticarcillin at 12 g/day for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa; both drugs were tolerated well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of ceftazidime and tobramycin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Sixty-two patients with complicated urinary tract infections were treated by random allocation with either ceftazidime (0.5 g every 12 h) or tobramycin (3 mg/kg/day). All patients had underlying urological conditions and a urinary tract infection with an organism sensitive to both ceftazidime and tobramycin. Thirty-two patients received tobramycin and 30 patients received ceftazidime. Thirty-two of the infections were caused by Pseudomonas spp., 16 by Escherichia coli, and the remainder by various Gram-negative organisms. Cure rates were approximately 85% in both treatment groups and side effects were minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cinoxacin therapy for urinary tract infections: therapeutic safety and efficacy.

We gave cinoxacin to 125 patients with initial and recurrent urinary tract infections to investigate the safety and efficacy of this new antimicrobial agent. Patients ranging in age from 18 to 92 were treated with 500 mg twice daily for nine days. Analysis showed a satisfactory symptomatic response rate of 96% and a bacteriologic cure rate of 92%, with mild side effects observed in 6% of the participants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Carcinoembryonic antigen in nonhuman primates.

Blood levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been measured in several nonhuman primate species. Only gorillas and chimpanzees were found to have significant elevations of CEA-like activity in their blood compared to the normal values of less than 2.5 ng/ml in humans. The average CEA level in 134 chimpanzees was 25.2 ng/ml (range, 4.2--95 ng/ml) and in 13 gorillas it was 32 ng/ml (range, 12.4--61.9 ng/ml). These levels were not related to sex. Blood levels repeatedly taken over a 1 1/2-year period remained relatively stable in both species. Analysis of parallelism of immunologic reactivity showed chimpanzee CEA to be similar to but not identical with human CEA. The molecular size of chimpanzee CEA was also similar to that of human CEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical correlates of morphologic differentiation in human breast cancer.

In 115 breast carcinoma tissues, histologica grade and cell cytosol concentrations of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and two breast cyst fluid proteins (gross cystic disease fluid protein [GCDFP-15] and nonreceptor progesterone-binding protein [PBP]) were deterMined. Higher levels (expressed as femtomoles per milligram of protein) of ER (128 +/- 28 versus 11 +/- 1, P less than 0.001) and PR (82 +/- 16 versus 3 +/- 1, P less than 0.001) were found in grade 1 (well-differentiated) carcinomas as compared with grade 3 (poorly differentiated) carcinomas. Similarly, higher concentrations (expressed as nanograms per milligram of cytosol protein) of GCDFP-15 (2110 +/- 840 versus 210 +/- 40, p less than 0.001) and PBP (4920 +/- 1200 versus 370 +/- 60, P less than 0.001) were found in grade 1 as compared with grade 3 carcinomas. Tumor cytosols that contained low levels of both cyst proteins (less than 225 ng/mg GCDFP-15 and less than 750 ng/mg PBP) had a high incidence of grade 3 (35 of 46, 78%) or grade 2 (15 of 46, 33%) histologic findings and had a high incidence of receptor-negative specimens (27 of 52, 52%). Based on these cutoff levels, grade 2 lesions were subdivided into a "high" cyst protein group, which had ER and PR levels similar to grade 1 tumors (93.1 +/- 26.7 for ER and 84.7 +/- 32.4 for PR, P greater than 0.3), and a "low" group, which had receptor values similar to grade 3 carcinomas (14.1 +/- 5.3 for ER and 9.1 +/- 5.2 for PR, P less than 0.3). Although the mean cytosol content of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was significantly higher in malignant tissues (125 +/- 27 ng/mg cytosol protein) than in benign tissues (4.8 +/- 1 ng/mg cytosol protein), the CEA content was not significantly different between grades 1 and 3 tumors.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and radiographic correlations in breast cancer patients with osseous metastases.

Serial metastatic bone series on 12 patients with skeletal metastases from carcinoma of breast were studied. Changes in the clinical and radiographic parameters of the patients were correlated. Patients were all treated on a research protocol evaluating "medical adrenalectomy" with aminoglutethimide or surgical adrenalectomy. Seventeen clinical changes were noted in twelve patients. Sixteen of these observations demonstrated positive clinical correlations with concurrent skeletal radiographs. A lytic bone pattern correlated clinically with progressive tumor growth. A blastic bone pattern was present when objective clinical data indicated disease remission.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1981

Cinoxacin in therapy of urinary tract infections. Comparison of two dosage regimens.

TWo dosage regimens of cinoxacin, 250 mg. four times a day (QID) versus 500 mg. twice a day (BID), were compared for efficacy and safety in the treatment of initial and recurrent urinary tract infections. Patient dosage assignments were by a random table. Analysis of the 91 evaluable adult patients showed no difference between the two regimens, each group having 98 per cent bacteriologic cures at the five-to-nine-day post-therapy culture. The incidence of side effects was low and mild in degree.

Cinoxacin↗
PubMed1980

Influence of estrogen receptor status on response of metastatic breast cancer to aminoglutethimide therapy.

Aminoglutethimide (AG) is an effective chemical ablative form of therapy for metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Estrogen receptor (ER) status in breast cancer is useful in predicting the response to the hormonal treatments. Of 134 postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer patients treated with AG, ER analysis was done in 63 patients, 52 of whom are now evaluable. ER biopsy was performed prior to Ag therapy in 61 patients, but the results were not known to the investigators. ER value greater than or equal to 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein was considered ER positive (ER+), 4-9.9 fmol/mg borderline, and less than 4 fmol/mg ER negative (ER-). In 38 ER+ patients, objective response rate was 50% (three complete response, 16 partial response) and eight stabilization. Median duration of objective response was 15 months. Forty-three percent of the patients with borderline estrogen receptor level responded objectively (three partial response) with the median duration of response eleven months. Fourteen percent of ER- patients responded objectively (one complete response). Hence the estrogen receptor level predicts response in ER+ and ER borderline patients treated with AG.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of baboon antiserum to carcinoembryonic antigen.

The common baboon (Papio), immunized with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), was found to form specific-site antibodies for CEA. The baboon antiserum does not recognize colon carcinoma antigen-III, but does demonstrate similar ionic strength effects to those previously described for goat antisera to the CEA-specific site(s). Baboon specific-site antibody for CEA can be used for radioimmunoassay of CEA in plasma and gives similar results to the commercial (Roche) goat anti-CEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of multiple-dose regimens of netilmicin in patients with urinary tract infections.

A clinical trial involving forty hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections was conducted to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of four dosage regimens of netilmicin: 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg administered twice daily for 7 or 8 days. Each of the dosages was effective and the first three were equally well tolerated. At 4 mg/kg there was one case of renal dysfunction possibly related to netilmicin therapy. Serum concentrations of the drug measured 1 hour after injection were dose-related, as were those measured 1 hour before administration; no appreciable accumulation occurred with any of the regimens.

Adult↗