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C E Brown

Publications and source records attributed to C E Brown.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Evidence against necessary phosphorylation during hexose transport in Aspergillus nidulans.

The transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose, a nonmetabolizable glucose analogue, into Aspergillus nidulans against a concentration gradient does not appear to require phosphorylation, despite the high levels of sugar phosphates accumulated rapidly within the cell. Two other deoxy analogues of d-glucose, 6-deoxy-d-glucose and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1-deoxy-d-glucose), although they lack the C-6 and the C-1 hydroxyl groups, respectively, and thus cannot be phosphorylated in those positions, still competitively inhibit the entry of 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Moreover, 6-deoxy-d-glucose can be concentrated against a gradient within the cell without the accumulation of 6-deoxy-d-glucose-phosphate. d-Galactose shows an intracellular ratio of free to phosphorylated sugar similar to that found for 2-deoxy-d-glucose in cells that have galactokinase, but no sugar phosphates are found in a galactokinaseless mutant strain. These data suggest that intracellular kinases are responsible for the sugar phosphate pool; and indeed, a kinase capable of phosphorylating 2-deoxy-d-glucose has been demonstrated. Finally, experiments on the kinetics of labeling of intracellular free sugar and sugar phosphate pools with (14)C-2-deoxy-d-glucose show that radioactivity appears first in the free sugar pool and after a delay enters the sugar phosphate pool.

Aspergillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound anthropometric reliability.

Method errors and reliabilities were estimated for seven sonographic measurements in pregnancies of 106 women examined between January and July 1989. Teams of two experienced sonographers replicated the following measurements: biparietal diameter (BPD), occipital-frontal diameter (OFD), anterior-posterior diameter (APD), transabdominal distance (TAD), and femur diaphysis length (FDL). Multilevel modeling procedures were used to estimate the variance components. Significant (p < 0.01) covariates in the fixed part of the model included an increase in error with greater parity, estimated menstrual age (EMA), and maternal abdominal wall thickness (taken at the umbilicus). Intraobserver reliability ranged from 85.2% (AC) to 99.3% (FDL); interobserver reliability ranged from 80.8% (TAD) to 92.4% (FDL). Method errors, describing the expected error for 68% of the measurements taken, ranged from 0.8 mm to 7.7 mm (intraobserver) and from 1.2 mm to 7.8 mm (interobserver). These results suggest that large error components should be considered in the interpretation of the reliability of ultrasonographically obtained measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses and physicians evaluate their intensive care experiences.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the evaluation of intensive care experiences of nurses and physicians in relation to their educational background and degree of professionalization. DESIGN: Cross-cultural, qualitative study design: German nurses and physicians and American nurses. SETTING: German medical intensive care unit (nine beds), German surgical intensive care unit (six beds), and an American medical-surgical intensive care unit (16 beds). SUBJECTS: Thirteen German nurses (eight women, five men) of a medical intensive care unit, six German nurses (five women, one man) of a surgical intensive care unit, nine German physicians of a medical intensive care unit (two women, seven men), and 13 American nurses of a medical-surgical intensive care unit (10 women, three men). METHODS: The interviewing technique by the method of Role Repertory Grid Test by G.A. Kelly. We focused on important job experiences in intensive care and the remembered evaluation of these experiences. RESULTS: The reported experiences of intensive care unit nurses and physicians show negative as well as positive appraisals. No correlation can be shown between negative appraisals and the degree of professionalization or training of German nurses and physicians, and American nurses, respectively. The qualitative-content analysis of positively appraised experiences does indicate, for all four studied groups, that even primarily so-called "positive" experiences are closely connected with negative aspects and connotations. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that nurses and physicians experience intensive care work with extreme ambivalence. To be content with and successful on the job it appears necessary to develop a high level of ambivalence. From a methodologic point of view, the advantages of the interviewing technique (Role Repertory Grid) are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrapartal tocolysis: an option for acute intrapartal fetal crisis.

Tocolytic drugs are commonly used by the obstetric community to produce uterine quiescence in premature labor. The use of tocolytic agents has been expanded to intrapartal emergencies. Intrapartal tocolysis has implications for obstetric nurses, which include possession of knowledge of the pharmacologic and physiologic effects of these drugs. Intrapartal tocolysis offers a beneficial management strategy that can be used in an acute intrapartal fetal crisis. The use of tocolytics provides valuable time for the health care team to assess the etiology of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, increase options for the birth, and mobilize resources for delivery.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a context-based performance measure for persons with schizophrenia: the test of grocery shopping skills.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes how authenticity and directness, desired characteristics of performance measures, were applied to the development of a context-based Test of Grocery Shopping Skills (TOGSS) for persons with schizophrenia. METHOD: The steps used in developing the measure included interviewing consumers with schizophrenia to identify issues in grocery shopping, conceptualizing how authenticity and directness could be applied to shopping performance, and selecting grocery items to be used in the test. The two forms of the TOGSS were administered to 26 persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders to evaluate reliability (stability, equivalence, interrater) and validity (convergent, generalizability) of the TOGSS. RESULTS: The correlations between the two forms of the TOGSS over two different testing periods were significant, ranging from .64 to .83. Subscale scores were moderately correlated (R = .52 to .94) with a similarly constructed test of drugstore shopping. CONCLUSION: A systematic method can be used to develop a context measure of performance. The TOGSS has beginning evidence of reliability and validity. With further study, the test will be useful in assessing the independent living skill of grocery shopping in persons with psychiatric disorders.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis & recommendations for a medical engineering department.

A multi-disciplinary task force convened to examine present and future program needs of the Medical Engineering Department at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital, University of North Carolina School of Medicine. The committee recommended changes that would reduce technician turnover, improve continuing education, increase salaries, improve services for patient care and allow the hospital to comply with the requirements of the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals. An important by-product of this study approach led to improved communications and work relations with all departments that receive services from the Medical Engineering Department.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instrumentation enhances today's endodontic care.

The field of endodontics has virtually exploded in the last several years with technological advances and improvements in many areas. The largest change has occurred with the introduction of nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation, warm gutta-percha obturation, microscopes, and digital imaging. Prominent new devices and instruments are presented with a brief overview of items listed with a source.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specialized care for twin gestations: improving newborn outcomes and reducing costs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare newborn outcomes and costs of hospital stays for twins born to mothers receiving care in a specialized twin clinic with a research-based care protocol and one consistent caregiver versus twins whose mothers received standard prenatal care. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective, historical cohort study conducted in a high-risk obstetric clinic in central Texas. PATIENTS: Thirty women pregnant with twins received specialized care. The comparison group consisted of 41 women pregnant with twins who received standard care. INTERVENTIONS: An advanced practice nurse provided prenatal care, which included weekly clinic visits, home visits, and 24-hour availability for phone support. OUTCOME MEASURES: Gestational age at birth, birth weight, length of stay in the neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU), and hospital charges for the newborns. RESULTS: No newborns of less than 30 weeks gestation were born to women in the specialized care group, the mean birth weight was 249 g (SD +/- 77) higher, days in the NICU were reduced from a mean of 17 to 7, and hospital charges were $30,000 less per infant. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn outcomes were improved and length of stay and hospital charges were significantly reduced for newborns whose mothers had received care in the specialized twin clinic.

Adult↗