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Biomedical subjects

C E Blane

Publications and source records attributed to C E Blane.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nonobstructive fetal hydronephrosis: sonographic recognition and therapeutic implications.

The postnatal outcome of nine patients with the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydronephrosis is reported. In only three of the nine cases was true obstructive hydronephrosis demonstrated, and in only one of these cases (11%) the patient might have benefited from decompressive surgery at the time of diagnosis of the abnormality. Twenty-nine additional cases from the literature are reviewed. It is concluded that a major deterrent to early fetal surgery is that most of the cases of obstructive hydronephrosis are identified too late in gestation.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of neuroblastoma.

Sonograms of 21 children with neuroblastoma were reviewed with attention to the following sonographic criteria: size, location, internal echo pattern, anechoic areas, and margination. Fourteen primary tumors were evaluated before therapy. All tumors were heterogeneously echogenic; all had poorly defined margins. Tumor calcification was identified in three, and 10 of 14 primary tumors contained discrete anechoic areas ranging from 0.5 to 4 cm in diameter. The average greatest dimension of primary tumor masses was 7.7 cm.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Radiographic findings of scleroderma in childhood.

The radiographs of 12 children with the American Rheumatism Association criteria for scleroderma were analyzed and compared to the adult presentation. Childhood and adult manifestations of the disease differ. Although some similarities exist, tuft resorption and soft-tissue calcifications in the fingers are more common in childhood. In contrast, small bowel involvement, hand contractures, and erosive arthropathy are less frequent. In particular, inflammatory joint destruction was not identified in this small pediatric group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic features of hepatocellular disease in neonates and infants.

The sonograms of 12 neonates and infants with documented nonneoplastic parenchymal liver diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection, biliary atresia, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, nesidioblastosis, Alagille association, microabscesses, and idiopathic neonatal jaundice, were analyzed by various sonographic criteria. Nine (75%) of the hepatic sonograms were abnormal; however, most showed only one sonographic abnormality. Although it was not possible to distinguish one condition from another sonographically, focal areas of heterogeneity simulating mass lesions and accentuated periportal brightness were the most notable abnormal features. The prime indication for hepatic sonography in this age group continues to be the differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive jaundice. Nonetheless, when obstruction has been excluded, sonography may demonstrate the presence of hepatic parenchymal disease and provide a noninvasive means for following its course over time.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Intussusception: additional observations on the plain radiograph.

The plain radiographs of 40 patients with intussusception were reviewed with special attention to diagnostic features previously reported in this condition. Sixty percent of the cases demonstrated a soft-tissue mass on the radiograph. However, fully one-half of all masses were seen only on a horizontal beam radiograph. The use of plain radiographs to exclude the diagnosis of intussusception is not advocated. Nevertheless, attention is drawn to the frequency of abnormal plain findings, especially a soft-tissue mass on the horizontal beam examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Case report. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.

A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is presented in which the diagnosis was made following computed tomography. This imaging technique enabled differentiation of the disorder from other pulmonary causes of respiratory distress in the newborn and suggested the need for prompt surgical intervention.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic detection of monoamniotic twins.

The true incidence of monoamniotic twinning has been almost impossible to determine accurately because it requires closer inspection of the membranes and placenta at delivery than is usually performed. Sonography of 3440 patients presenting for genetic amniocentesis identified 39 twin gestations, one of which was monoamniotic (0.026%). Prospectively with ultrasound, four of the twin gestations had been thought to be monoamniotic. A more recent case of suspected monoamniotic twinning revealed two sacs when newer computer-based real-time equipment with variable focusing capability and improved spatial resolution was used. Sonographic diagnosis of monoamniotic twinning must be accurate since it identifies patients at higher risk for cord accidents. These patients need obstetrical care appropriate for a pregnancy at high risk. In addition, failure to identify a second sac that could harbor a chromosomally abnormal fetus has both medical and legal implications. State-of-the-art ultrasound equipment and attention to detail is required.

Amnion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Objectively evaluating student case presentations.

Evaluation and documentation of student performance is of major importance to a radiology elective coordinator. To better assess a variety of aspects of competence and learning, an oral case presentation was included in the final elective evaluation. This article describes the 31-item checklist designed to assess the level of student achievement of the objectives for the oral presentation. In addition to developing this standard evaluation instrument, methodologies were used to increase the validity and reliability of the oral presentation; the examiners were briefed in advance, the checklist included cognitive and noncognitive measures, and a simple grading score was used for each item. Students who received the checklist and written course objectives at the beginning of the elective earned better grades than those students who did not receive the materials. Student evaluations reveal that the oral case presentation as presently organized is felt to be of value.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systematic evaluation and increased structure in a radiology elective.

Diagnostic radiology is expanding, playing an increasingly central role in patient care, which heightens the importance of radiology teaching in undergraduate medical education. This study examined the impact of increased structure and systematic evaluation on student performance in a radiology elective. The evaluation protocol included premultiple and postmultiple choice examinations (70 questions each), a film interpretation quiz (ten films, 20 questions), faculty assessment of a student oral case presentation, and student evaluations of the elective experience. The relationships among the evaluation techniques, as well as differences in class level and course ratings were also examined. Two different treatment groups were studied. Group 1 was given general objectives and information regarding availability of recommended resources, including self-learning materials for the elective, didactic seminars, and viewbox exposure. Group 2 was given specific written instructional objectives, a structured schedule for viewing the self-learning materials, and the same seminars and viewbox exposure. The statistically significant higher performance of the structured group suggests that medical students achieve the objectives of an elective better when learning activities are well defined, structured, and systematically evaluated. In addition, those students receiving the structured experience rated the radiology elective more favorably.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endotracheal tube movement in the preterm neonate: oral versus nasal intubation.

Endotracheal intubation of a preterm infant cadaver was performed both orally and nasally to assess the relative movement of the endotracheal tube with changes in head position. For each method of intubation, anteroposterior radiographs were obtained with the head in neutral, flexed, extended, and laterally rotated positions. The results indicate slightly increased movement of the nasotracheal tube with flexion and rotation, and markedly increased movement with extension. The possible relationship between tube movement and the development of subglottic stenosis is discussed.

Head↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting outcome at the knee in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

This study was undertaken to correlate long-term severe radiographic changes with clinical profiles in an attempt to identify a group of patients at risk. Knee radiographs of 100 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients with 1-20 years of follow-up studies were reviewed for changes leading to severe disability. Eighteen children had evidence of destructive changes an average of 4.3 years after onset of JRA. 23 patients had reactive changes superimposed on destructive changes seen 9.7 years after onset of disease. 92% of the children with reactive and destructive knee changes had radiographic evidence of significant JRA at another joint. Polyarticular disease with significant JRA involvement of another joint seems to indicate a group of children at higher risk for destructive and reactive changes at the knee.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periventricular cavitations in the first week of life.

Eleven infants were encountered (nine premature, two term) in whom well-defined small periventricular cavitations were found by sonography in the first week of life. The sonographic findings bore remarkable similarity to subependymal pseudocysts in neonates previously described in autopsy specimens. The cavitations, which were identified predominantly along the superolateral aspects of the lateral ventricles, did not evolve in the manner of postnatally acquired periventricular leukomalacia. The location of the cavitations differed from the site of previously reported lesions of posthemorrhagic and postinfectious germinolysis along the medial aspect of the caudothalamic groove. Neurosonologists and neonatologists should be alerted to this finding and encouraged to follow these infants as a separate group to learn whether neurodevelopmental sequelae occur in these children.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late effects of JRA on the hip.

Osseous changes at the hips were seen in the radiographs of 36 children with long-standing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and no significant steroid therapy. Seven boys and one girl had progressive primary inflammatory destruction of the hip with erosive arthritis and progressive joint space narrowing. Twenty-one girls and seven boys revealed adaptive developmental changes in the growing skeleton without erosion. Both courses resulted in secondary osteoarthritis and functional disability. Early recognition of adaptive, developmental changes may identify a group of children who may benefit from orthopedic intervention to maintain concentric, congruent reduction at the hip.

Adolescent↗