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Biomedical subjects

C E Adams

Publications and source records attributed to C E Adams.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Time of mating and associated changes in the vaginal smear of the post-parturient Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Most gerbils mating did so within 24 h of parturition, with a peak of activity occurring between 1600-2000 h on Day 0. Vaginal smears showed a gradual reduction both in the total number of cells present and leucocyte dominance, with a concomitant increase in cornification. A significant change to leucocyte and epithelial cell dominance occurred by 0930 on Day 1. The presence of distinctive fragmentary 'spicules', the absence of vaginal spermatozoa in many females showing vigorous mating behaviour, and significant differences between the sperm content at the time of mating (Day 0) and the following morning (Day 1), were associated with the presence of a concealed vaginal plug. The plug, which is quickly formed at the onset of mating, had usually disappeared by the following morning.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fertilization following mixed insemination with 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa in the rabbit.

The possible selection of spermatozoa for fertilization by the female genital tract was investigated using genetically homogeneous, numerically adjusted 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' rabbit spermatozoa. Samples of spermatozoa were marked by 15 min exposure to 1.3 mg TEPA/ml and then washed for 15 min. TEPA-treated and control samples were inseminated alternately into the vagina (= 'cervix-selected') or uterine horns (= 'unselected') of prospective donors. After 6 h spermatozoa were recovered from the uterine horns of the donors. Equal numbers of 'selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa were inseminated either into the uterine horns (24 does) or oviducts (25 does) of recipients. The fertilization rates were 48 and 72%, respectively. Significantly more eggs were fertilized by untreated than by TEPA-treated spermatozoa. Almost identical fertilization rates, however, were observed between 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa. It is concluded, therefore, that in the rabbit no selection of (preincubated) spermatozoa for fertilization takes place at the cervical level.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Observations on the induction of ovulation and expulsion of uterine eggs in the mink, Mustela vison.

In 8 of 12 mink paired for the first time, pairing alone induced ovulation and a short (5 min) interrupted mating led to 8/8 ovulating with normal numbers of corpora lutea. However, in already mated mink, a short mating (Day 7) failed completely or partly (reduced number of ovulations) to induce ovulation. In mink which refused to mate, hCG consistently induced ovulation. In already mated mink (Day 0) a later mating (Day 7), even if interrupted after 5 min, led to expulsion of the first set of eggs, approximately 50% of which were 'lost' by Day 4 and virtually 100% by Day 6. This effect was not produced by pairing without intromission or by treatment with hCG to induce ovulation. It is concluded that copulation is primarily responsible for the loss of eggs from the uterus, although the exact mechanism remains obscure.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Psychotherapy with a blind patient.

A review of previous studies of the psychological reactions to blindness is presented from the early anecdotal material to more recent systematic research. The psychodynamics of a case study of a patient with acquired blindness secondary to accidental shooting by her son are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for the patient-therapist interactions are offered.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Retention and development of eggs transferred to the uterus at various times after ovulation in the rabbit.

The pattern of egg expulsion/retention was determined in rabbits 24 h after transfer of eggs to the uterus 24-84 h p.c. Nearly all eggs transferred at 24 or 36 h p.c. were expelled into the vagina but from 36 h onwards an increasing proportion was retained in utero, although maximum retention was not recorded until 76-84 h p.c. In rabbits in which both uterine horns were ligated before egg transfer at 12-48 h p.c., egg development was evaluated 24 or 72 h later, or at term. Practically all eggs transferred at 12 or 24 h perished within 3 days; however, from transfers at 36 h 25% of eggs implanted with 40% survival to term, and further improvement in endometrial receptivity occurred by 48 h. These findings reveal a clear time difference between limitations imposed by endometrial and myometrial function on egg development. Limited attempts to create more favourable uterine conditions by means of progesterone treatment were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Exteroceptive factors, sexual maturation and reproduction in the female rat.

Keeping a sexually mature male with a weanling female rat advanced neither the time of vaginal opening nor that of 1st oestrus. In 2 of 3 experiments females kept singly after weanling reached sexual maturity significantly earlier than did grouped females. The reproductive performance of females mated at 1st oestrus was not significantly different from that of older primiparae. 26 rats gave birth to an average of 9.3 young at 59.5 days of age, and 22 of them reared 96% of the young to weaning.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vaginal opening in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus: normal data and the influence of social factors.

Mean age at vaginal opening was 41 days, range 33-53 days. Bodyweight at weaning and age at vaginal opening were negatively correlated, but there was no relationship between bodyweight and age at vaginal opening. The presence of a male before vaginal opening did not accelerate either the time of its occurrence or first conception. The vaginas of females caged singly from weaning opened earlier than in those kept in groups of 2 or 3.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Mating post partum, concurrent lactation and reproduction in the laboratory rat.

32 of 35 sexually mature CFHB rats paired with proven males and thereafter allowed to mate post partum and nurse young concurrent with pregnancy, produced a total of 227 litters. The proportion of females producing litters decreased both with increasing age and parity, and with the number of young nursed. Litter size declined both as age and parity increased, and when gestation was extremely prolonged. The incidence and extent of delayed implantation (gestations greater than 25 days) were affected by the number of young nursed but not by increasing age and parity. There was no evidence for the existence of implantation periods coinciding with multiples of oestrous cycles.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The vaginal smear, mating, egg transport and preimplantation development in a wild guinea-pig, the cuis (Galea musteloides).

Observations were made on vaginal smear pattern, mating, rate of egg transport and preimplantation development in cuis. In 39 of 45 females (87%) vaginal opening occurred within 2 days of pairing, and in 44 (98%) within 5 days; 36 of the 44 females (82%) mated. By the morning of Day 2, eggs were no longer recovered from the ampulla, having all passed into the isthmus, where they remained till Day 4, p.m. Uterine entry was complete by Day 5, a.m. Uterine blastocysts were no longer recoverable on the morning of Day 6. There was no evidence of blastocyst expansion or zona shedding before implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Exteroceptive factors and pregnancy block in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus.

A series of experiments based on 150 newly mated, uni- and multi-parous Mongolian gerbils provided no evidence for the existence of pregnancy blocking due to a strangle male effect. The reduced level of fertility observed was attributed to stressful factors at critical times in the pregnancy. Treatment with 10 i.u. PMSG on the day following mating interrupted pregnancy and the majority of females mated again within 4 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Incidence of pup mortality in the rat with particular reference to nesting material, maternal age and parity.

Mortality and hence the proportion of young weaned was markedly affected by the type of nesting material but not by maternal age or parity. With paper tissues for nesting purposes 476/791 (60%) young were lost compared with 216/1182 (18%) with woodwool. Similar results were obtained in 2 additional series. The proportion of young weaned was also affected by litter size; in general, pup mortality was heavier and took place earlier in the large litters (more than 9 young).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Low temperature preservation of rabbit embryos.

Rabbit embryos (4-cell, 8-cell and morulae) survived freezing and thawing in the presence of 1-5 M-DMSO. Highest survival rates, assessed by continued development in vitro for 48 to 72 hr, were obtained with cooling rates of 0-74 to 0-90 degrees C/min and thawing rates of approximately 12 and approximately 15 degrees C/min (76%, 83%, 77% and 69% respectively). Transfer of embryos directly to liquid nitrogen after cooling at optimal rates to -110 degrees C instead of -80 degrees C significantly reduced the incidence of rupture of the zona pellucida and mucin coat and increased the rate of recovery. Viability after transfer was low (7% liveborn) and was not correlated with the higher rates of development in vitro to the morula and blastocyst stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Stimulation of repoduction in captivity of the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Female wild rabbits which failed to breed under laboratory conditions were treated with gonadotrophins and artificially inseminated with epididymal spermatozoa. The fertilized eggs so obtained were transferred to synchronous domestic rabbits. Altogether, 185 eggs were transferred to thirty-six recipients. Thirty-three of the recipients maintained pregnancy to term and nearly half of the transferred eggs developed into normal young. Birthweights ranged from 45 to 59 g. Postnatal survival was excellent. Females born in captivity remained sexually immature in spite of attaining normal adult body weights. Sexual development was apparently normal in the males, although most remained shy breeders. Incidental observations on ovarian response, egg size and rate of development are presented.

Animals↗