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Biomedical subjects

C Dorman

Publications and source records attributed to C Dorman.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Exceptional calendar calculation ability after early left hemispherectomy.

An 18-year-old male subject who had had his left hemisphere removed at age eight was better than chance at calculating the day of the week upon which dates in the past and future fell. He was able to describe his method of calculation, which relied upon both visual memory and serial calculations. The use of a serial calculation method was supported by evidence that both response time and accuracy were related to the distance in years from the current year. The use of both visual and verbal "working" memory was supported by interference effects from calendar calculations and delayed visual and verbal memory tasks. The case is discussed in terms of theories regarding similar calculation skills in idiot savants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Language and learning disorders of older boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The IQs of 25 males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were determined and the results were pooled with those for 76 others reported in the literature to examine the relationship between IQ and age. Verbal IQ was significantly lower than Performance IQ among the younger boys, but not the older. The distribution of Verbal IQ of the older boys was bimodal, suggesting that a verbal deficit persists in some cases. Detailed examination of the cognitive and reading skills of 15 older patients revealed a similar pattern of deficient phonological processing and reading skills in about half of this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Verbal, perceptual and intellectual factors associated with reading achievement in adolescents with cerebral palsy.

31 adolescents with cerebral palsy were administered measures of verbal production, speech perception, nonverbal auditory perception, visuospatial perception and verbal intelligence as well as measures of reading recognition and reading comprehension. Nonverbal auditory perception and verbal intelligence were most highly correlated with both reading measures despite the fact that most subjects were most severely impaired in visuospatial perception.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Classification of reading disability in a case of congenital brain damage.

The reading and spelling abilities of an 18-yr-old spastic quadriparetic cerebral palsied female patient are studied in detail. Reading and spelling errors are related to performance on several neuropsychological tests. The patient's reading disability is compared to that found in both developmental and acquired dyslexia. Some similarities are shown to various developmental dyslexia subtypes who are impaired in visual perception or rely upon left hemisphere based reading strategies. She also is somewhat like the acquired dyslexia cases classified as either surface or visual dyslexics. The most salient characteristic of her reading is the degree to which both visual and auditory factors prevent the acquisition of advanced skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neuropsychological testing and survey forms to indicate possible loss of neurological functioning.

Thirty spina bifida-hydrocephalic patients susceptible to changes in intracranial pressure and/or in spinal cord involvement underwent systematic surveillance of neurological, neuropsychological and behavioural status for up to two years. Behavioural status was monitored monthly through survey forms completed by direct caretakers while a neuropsychological battery was administered every three months. Patients were also followed in a Spina Bifida Clinic and definitive diagnosis of neurological change was determined through standard medical techniques. Analysis of results indicate that behavioural changes are often observed by direct caretakers and neurologists without occurrence of definitive neurological change. In contrast, the neuropsychological assessment revealed a group of reproducible measures that remain stable during periods of non-definitive neurological change. The neuropsychological measures provide quantitative information on the subjects' neurological function. This information can be used for comparison purposes after a period of stable neurological functioning has occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of spina bifida, hydrocephalic patients and matched controls on neuropsychological tests.

Thirty adolescents with spina bifida and hydrocephalus were matched for age and I.Q. with thirty controls of different aetiology. A battery of eleven neuropsychological measures including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, conceptual and planning skills, simple motor speed, simple tactile sensitivity, complex motor skill and complex tactile perception were administered to both groups. The index subjects differed from the controls in having a greater difference between verbal and performance I.Q., better complex motor skills, and slower left hand finger tapping speed. A step-wise multiple linear regression analysis correctly identified 80% of the subjects using the above three measures as the discriminating variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on neurobehavioral outcome: a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis was performed of the research published from 1985 to 1998 examining the effect of in utero exposure to cocaine on infant neurobehavioral outcome. The initial search for articles to include in the meta-analysis identified 18 studies with potentially meta-analytic variables. Of the studies originally retrieved, 13 failed to meet all of the inclusion criteria and were excluded from the meta-analysis. A total of 14 meta-analyses were performed comparing cocaine-exposed infants to nonexposed infants on NBAS cluster scales at birth and at 3-4 weeks of age. While the meta-analytic combination of studies produced a large enough sample size to drive statistical significance in a small majority of the tests of difference between the cocaine-exposed and nonexposed infants both at birth and soon after, the magnitude of all effects was small. The largest reliable differences appeared for the motor performance and abnormal reflexes clusters. Both also demonstrated a slight trend for increasing standard differences from birth to measures obtained at 3-4 weeks. The orientation and autonomic regulation clusters produced small, significant effects at both time periods, but the trend was for reduced effect sizes over time. All other effects appear truly negligible.

Cocaine-Related Disorders↗