Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Donnelly

Publications and source records attributed to C Donnelly.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence and risk determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in west African female prostitutes.

The authors studied the prevalence and risk determinants for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in female prostitutes from Dakar (1985-1990), Ziguinchor (1987-1990), and Kaolack (1987-1990), Senegal, West Africa. Each cohort showed a distinct distribution of HIVs: 10.0% HIV-2 and 4.1% HIV-1 in Dakar, 38.1% HIV-2 and 0.4% HIV-1 in Ziguinchor, and 27.4% HIV-2 and 1.3% HIV-1 in Kaolack. In 1,275 female prostitutes from Dakar, increase years of sexual activity and a history of scarification were associated with HIV-2 seropositivity. In contrast, HIV-1 seroprevalence was associated with a shorter duration of prostitution and a history of hospitalization. In 278 female prostitutes from Ziguinchor, HIV-2 seroprevalence was associated with women of Guinea-Bissau nationality and increased years of sexual activity. In 157 female prostitutes from Kaolack, HIV-2 seroprevalence was associated with increased years of sexual activity and a history of never using condoms. The authors also studied the risk determinants for HIV-2 in the 1,280 Senegalese prostitutes pooled from all three sites. Controlling for ethnic group, women from Ziguinchor and Kaolack were more likely to be HIV-2 seropositive as compared with women from the Dakar site. Increased years of sexual activity were associated with HIV-2 seropositivity, while a history of excision and BCG vaccinations decreased the risk of HIV-2 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Longitudinal studies with continuous responses.

The analysis of serial measurements obtained in longitudinal studies plays an increasingly prominent role in applied research. The last few years have seen the development of many new techniques for carrying out analyses, including computer software. These methods can be used in a variety of standard problems, including repeated measures and cross-over designs, as well as growth curve analyses. We review these new methods, their application, and available computer packages. Data from a longitudinal study of lung function is used to illustrate the methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The association between occlusion and attrition.

The purpose of this study was to identify variables of malocclusion that might be associated with attrition and then to quantify the relationship between these variables and attrition. The results of this study indicate that, with all other factors held constant, a patient's attrition score tends to: increase with age, increase with bite depth, decrease initially with overjet until a critical value and then increase, and be unaffected by sex, interincisal angle, U1 to NA angle, Angle classification, posterior or anterior cross bites. Further, we discuss the statistical treatment of data of this kind and emphasize the importance of a professional approach to analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The future of partial hospitalization.

The partial-hospitalization modality has a long history but has not yet been able to enter into the mainstream of psychiatric treatments. The developmental dynamics of the modality are explored and juxtaposed to ideological developments which control policy formation and decision making. Strategies for influencing policy making in directions which are favorable to the modality are discussed.

Day Care, Medical↗
PubMed1982

Specificity for tail fibers of a humoral crab factor neutralizing T2 bacteriophage.

It is now becoming clear that invertebrates, animals lacking the ability to make humoral antibodies, are capable of recognizing self from non-self. In several instances this recognition is manifest in normal ("unimmunized") animals by a rapid clearance of certain foreign materials from the circulation One example of such a rapid innate reaction involves the clearance of T2 bacteriophage from the blue crab (1). Other studies have indicated that blue crab plasma contained a factor capable of neutralizing in vitro T2 bacteriophage and hence, by inference, was responsible for the in vivo clearance reaction with this virus (2). The purpose of the work undertaken here was to establish the nature of the specificity of this in vitro neutralizing factor. The strategy involved utilizing purified T2 bacteriophage tail fibers to inhibitthe neutralization of T2 bacteriophage by crab plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Active development of the positive introject in severely disturbed patients.

We describe the structure of the positive introject functionally as the ability to calm oneself. In elucidating the essential action involved in this function we focus on a certain kind of fantasying which allows a person to re-experience a way of thinking about and feeling toward oneself that has occurred in the relation with a therapist and that was experienced as calming. Three clinical vignettes are presented. The same psychological event is occurring in each one. However, the mode varies from consciously to preconsciously to unconsciously. In the first two modes the process is made clear and the patient is enabled to practise the action until the function becomes reliably available. In the unconscious mode, which seems to be required in certain cases where the patient's internal actions are predominantly aggressive, the process is not made explicit to the patient. Nevertheless the function can develop adequately given enough time and care in titrating positive experiences. The requirement that patients assume the role of agent in developing particular functions may well be one of the important ingredients that helps them break out of chronicity. For the requirement represents the bridge from a passive, dependent mode typically associated with chronicity, to an active responsible mode associated with healthier functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

The observing self and the development of cohesiveness.

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the movement from fragmentation to rudimentary cohesiveness in the severely disturbed patient. In potentially psychotic patients this progression is necessary before analysis of the narcissistic transferences can occur. A dynamic and behavioural analysis of this progression offers a clear focus for the initial phase of treatment: The development of the observing self.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Surgical management of hyperhidrosis.

Sixty-five patients with severe disabling hyperhidrosis were subjected to operation. Eighty-nine sympathectomies and 42 axillary skin excisions were performed to abolish sweating. Almost 90% of these patients were extremely satisfied with the outcome of surgery which resulted in a change for the better in their social and working lives. When conservative therapy fails, we recommend these procedures, which often alleviate this most distressing symptom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Factors related to medical students' research activities.

The study reported here was designed to assess different aspects related to the research activities undertaken by students in medical school. An extensive questionnaire was administered to 580 graduating seniors which covered degree of participation in research, length of time, circumstances, importance of pay, and level of resulting benefit. Other information included career choice and primary interest. A profile of the research-oriented student emerged from the findings.

Career Choice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The SERENDIP piggyback SETI project.

The SERENDIP project is an ongoing program of monitoring and processing broadband radio signals acquired by existing radio astronomy observatories. SERENDIP operates in a piggyback mode: it makes use of whatever observing plan (sequence of frequencies, sky coordinates, and polarizations) is under way at its host observatory. Moreover, the SERENDIP data acquisition system, once installed, operates autonomously. This approach makes it possible to obtain large amounts of high quality observing time in a manner that is economical and that does not adversely affect ongoing radio astronomy survey work. The SERENDIP II system has been installed at the NRAO 300-foot telescope at Green Bank, West Virginia, and has operated there for several thousand hours. In this report, we summarize our findings from these observations and describe the present status of the project. Two key elements of SERENDIP are the automated data acquisition system that uses adaptive thresholds and logs only statistically significant peaks in the real-time power spectra, and the subsequent off-line analysis programs that identify and reject a variety of interference signals. Several specific correlations have been identified that offer promise. At present, the development and testing of these interference rejection algorithms is the main thrust of our work.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aggressive approach to intravenous feeding of the critically ill patient.

Intravenous nutrition has become a necessary part of comprehensive critical care. The guidelines that surround the technique render it both safe and effective, but are not always practical in the patient with sepsis or multisystem failure who has a shortage of sites for catheter insertion. After an 8 year experience in a multidisciplinary ICU in which 40 per cent of patients admitted are fed parenterally, modified techniques have been developed so a more aggressive and liberal approach can be used for treating acutely ill patients. Additional crystalloid fluids and medications can be administered through the TPN catheter, high calorie levels can be used initially, and TPN can be stopped abruptly and insulin dosages as high as 28 U. per hour administered safely. When critically ill patients undergo major surgery TPN may be continued. This is made possible by a well oriented and well trained staff, competent to both follow and act on the results of very close monitoring in a special care area with efficient stat laboratory backing. Complication rates have to be kept low by rigorous supervision of both catheter insertion and aftercare. This has made frequent catheter changes a practical safety measure. Management and monitoring protocols are presented. The well established protocols for the management of TPN are adhered to for the routine support of nutrition.

Antisepsis↗