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Biomedical subjects

C DiIorio

Publications and source records attributed to C DiIorio.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Patterns of nausea during first trimester of pregnancy.

This descriptive study examined pregnancy nausea to determine whether nausea occurred more frequently during the morning hours than during other times of day and if certain patterns of nausea exist. The 19 women who participated in the study kept daily diaries of their nausea experiences over a 7-day period, noting the time of occurrence. Nausea was reported most frequently during waking hours, ranging from 40.3% of the time between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. and 43.9% between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. Most nausea reported by subjects was mild, although 18% of the nausea reported between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. was severe. Four patterns of nausea were identified: morning peak, evening peak, bimodal, and all day. Whereas some women displayed fairly consistent daily patterns of nausea, others reported variations in the occurrence or severity of nausea over the 7-day study period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive-perceptual factors associated with antiepileptic medication compliance.

The purpose of this study was to determine if selected cognitive-perceptual variables discriminated between individuals who complied with antiepileptic medication therapy and those who did not. Individuals attending an epilepsy clinic and meeting specified criteria were asked to participate. Data from 64 individuals--39 who were classified as compliant and 25 noncompliant--were analyzed using discriminant analysis. The findings revealed that intimacy/assistance, social integration/affirmation of worth, unpredictability, and ambiguity were helpful in discriminating compliant from noncompliant individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

The focus of this article is on the current research, theories and management strategies related to simple nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). Research related to the physiological, psychological and cultural factors associated with the expression of NVP are reviewed. The studies which have examined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies in the treatment of NVP are presented. The results of these studies indicate that more rigorous experimental studies are necessary. However, preliminary findings can serve as a basis for the development of nursing approaches to the treatment of simple nausea and vomiting. The findings of these studies suggest research questions for future study.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social cognitive factors associated with mother-adolescent communication about sex.

To better understand why some mothers talk to their children about sex and others do not, we examined the role of two social cognitive variables--self-efficacy and outcome expectancies--in explaining sex-based communication. The present study was part of a larger study to test the efficacy of two HIV prevention programs for mothers and their adolescents. Mothers and their adolescents were recruited from a large community organization that serves youth who live in disadvantaged circumstances. The sample for the present study included 486 mothers who averaged 38.4 years of age (SD = 6.73). The majority were African American (97.7%), not married (66.7%), and had a high school degree (89.5%). Their adolescents ranged in age from 11 through 14 years of age and most were male (61.3%). The results of the analysis revealed that mothers who expressed higher levels of self-efficacy and more favorable outcomes associated with talking to their children about sex were more likely to do so. In a regression analysis, we learned that the mother's degree of efficacy beliefs, along with her expected outcomes associated with talking about sex, the importance of religious beliefs to her, and the age and sex of her adolescents were important factors associated with talking with them about sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy self-management: a test of a theoretical model.

This study examines the role of social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and anxiety as predictors of medication management in persons with epilepsy. A model based on social cognitive theory was constructed to explain managing medications under conditions of scarcity. A survey instrument was sent to 450 individuals who participated in job training programs for persons with epilepsy. One hundred ninety-five completed questionnaires were returned and met the inclusion criteria. The proposed structural model was tested using structural equation modeling procedures. The assistance aspect of social support was positively related to regimen-specific support. The paths from self-efficacy to outcome expectancy and anxiety were significant and in the predicted directions, as was the path from anxiety to self-management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of safe sex behavior in adolescents and young adults.

The aim of this project was to develop an instrument to measure use of safe sex practices among adolescents and to conduct initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Safe Sex Behavior Questionnaire (SSBQ) was designed to measure the frequency of use of safe sex practices and was assessed for content validity, reliability, and construct validity through a series of tests. The content validity index computed for the SSBQ was 98%. Initial reliability computed for sums of items of the total scale was .82 among 89 college freshmen. Using a second sample of 531 subjects, the SSBQ was factor-analyzed separately for males and females and five similar factors emerged for each gender. Reliability coefficients for sums of salient items for each factor ranged from .52 to .85. Using a third sample of 174 subjects, construct validity was assessed by correlating the SSBQ with measures of general assertiveness and general risk-taking. The resulting correlations were appreciable and in the predicted directions, thus providing support for the construct validity of the instrument.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗