Endocrine factors in isolation-induced aggressiveness in rodents.
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Adrenal Glands↗
Biomedical subjects
C Day
Publications and source records attributed to C Day.
Muscarinic inhibition of dendritic postsynaptic potentials in cat cortex.
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Animals↗
Evaluation of traditional plant treatments for diabetes: studies in streptozotocin diabetic mice.
Seven plants and a herbal mixture used for traditional treatment of diabetes were studied in streptozotocin diabetic mice. The treatments were supplied as 6.25% by weight of the diet for 9 days. Consumption of diets containing bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), golden seal (Hydrastis canadensis), mistletoe (Viscum album) and tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) significantly reduced the hyperphagia and polydipsia associated with streptozotocin diabetes, but bayberry (Cinnamomum tamala), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), senna (Cassia occidentalis) and the herbal mixture did not alter these parameters. Bearberry, mistletoe and tarragon retarded the body weight loss but none of the eight treatments significantly altered plasma glucose or insulin concentrations. These studies suggest that bearberry, golden seal, mistletoe and tarragon may counter some of the symptoms of streptozotocin diabetes without, however, affecting glycemic control.
Animals↗
Development of a high throughput in vitro toxicity screen predictive of high acute in vivo toxic potential.
At an early stage of drug discovery high throughput screens are an invaluable tool to de-select compounds with undesirable properties. A high throughout in vitro toxicity screen has been developed and validated to identify compounds that have a high potential to be acutely toxic in vivo. This screen is based on treating Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with test compounds for 24 h and then determining the degree of cytotoxicity by the reduction of Resazurin. Twenty-six structurally unrelated compounds were chosen that spanned a range of acute LD(50) values and mechanisms of toxicity. The acute LD(50) values (intraperitoneal and intravenous routes) from rat and mouse were taken from the RTECS database. Experimentally derived in vitro IC(35) results were compared to the 'most toxic' (lowest) LD(50) values for each compound. The resulting correlation was statistically significant (r=0.8475). However, due to the scatter of the data points, it was considered not appropriate to rank compounds according to their degree of in vivo toxicity on the basis of the in vitro result. However, by defining cut-off concentrations for both the in vivo (LD(50)) and the in vitro (IC(35)) values it was possible, using the in vitro result (IC(35) <10 microM), to identify compounds that had a high potential to be acutely toxic in vivo ('most toxic' LD(50) <25 micromol/kg). Further development led to a high throughput screen capable of giving a 'Yes', 'No' or 'Borderline' classification as to whether a compound has a high acute in vivo toxic potential. This screen is highly specific (no false positive classifications) and has a sensitivity of approximately 80%. This is deemed acceptable for a first tier toxicity screen at an early stage in the drug discovery process. Transfer of this screen from GlaxoSmithKline UK to sites in Italy, Spain and the USA resulted in very similar findings indicating the inter-laboratory robustness of this screen and therefore the ability to compare results across the GlaxoSmithKline sites.
Animal Testing Alternatives↗
The psychometric characteristics of the IPR inventory: data from rural Western Australia. Interpersonal Relationships Inventory.
BACKGROUND: Although there is evidence of the psychometric adequacy of the Interpersonal Relationships Inventory (IPRI), the scale was validated on urban North American samples and may function differently in populations that do not share urban United States attitudes toward the giving and receiving of social support. OBJECTIVES: To determine the psychometric characteristics of the IPRI in a sample of rural Australians and compare our findings to previous studies. METHOD: A survey containing the IPRI, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and a 4-point self-rating measure of physical health was posted to residents of rural communities in Western Australia. The 382 respondents who returned usable surveys had a mean age of 44 years and 71% of them were female. RESULTS: The essential findings of the original IPRI study were replicated. The social support and the conflict subscales were shown to be valid and internally consistent; the reciprocity subscale was internally consistent but its validity was equivocal. Support and conflict proved to be good predictors of severity of depression, and each of the three subscales could reliably discriminate among groups who rated their physical health as poor, fair, good, or excellent. CONCLUSION: The consistent results across the two studies provide further evidence for the psychometric adequacy of the IPRI and suggest that Western societies, urban or rural, interpret and manifest the constructs of support, reciprocity, and conflict in much the same ways.
Adult↗
[Hiccup caused by epigastric compression in a hemiplegic patient].
The authors report the case of a patient with permanent, refractory hiccup, resistant at all classical treatment methods. Hiccup was due to compression of the epigastric region by the left fist of the patient immobilised by a spastic hemiplegia. Passive mobilisation of the diseased upper limb resulted in the disappearance of hiccup.
Abdomen↗
The evolution of case management. One organization's experience.
The case management program at Stanford Health Services has evolved over the past 5 years in response to the changing managed care marketplace and institutional needs. The challenge for the program has been to meet rapidly changing needs of both internal and external customers: patients, physicians, staff, and payers. The program has evolved from an inpatient model integrating discharge planning and utilization review, to include ambulatory case management in the clinic setting, management of prepaid health enrollees in the community, and clinical pathways. This article will describe the evolution of case management at Stanford and individual program components that resulted in significant savings to the organization.
California↗