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Biomedical subjects

C Davis

Publications and source records attributed to C Davis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A phase II trial of cyclosporin A in the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Cyclosporin A (CSA) is an immunosuppressive agent that in experimental models has antiproliferative activity against colon cancer and other human neoplasms. A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate CSA in refractory colorectal malignancies. CSA was administered at a starting dose of 7.0 mg/kg twice daily (total dose, 14 mg/kg/day) and escalated to tolerance. Of 18 patients with measurable disease, 17 were evaluable. All had been treated with one fluorouracil-containing regimen. The European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 or 1 in 17 of the 18 patients. No objective responses were seen. Four patients maintained stable disease lasting from 10 to 75+ weeks. Significant toxicity occurred in 9 of 17 (53%) patients. Dose reduction was necessary in 10 of 17 (59%). Sustained escalation beyond the initial dose was possible in only two cases. Toxicities included nausea and vomiting (71%), nephrotoxicity (41%), fatigue (35%), flu-like symptoms (29%), and neurotoxicity (18%). In the dose and schedule employed in this trial, CSA is ineffective in refractory colorectal cancer and produces significant toxicity.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Prolonged hemorrhagic shock does not impair regeneration of plasma coagulant masses in the rabbit.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Twelve adult male albino rabbits were assigned alternately to normotensive and hypotensive groups to assess the effect of hypovolemic shock on spontaneous correction of dilutional coagulopathy. All animals underwent dilutional exchange transfusion with 200 mL of rabbit RBCs and 5% human albumin. Half the animals were then acutely hemorrhaged and subsequent aliquots of blood removed as needed to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 40 mm Hg. RESULTS: By 6 hr after production of dilutional coagulopathy, masses and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and Factor II had increased modestly but significantly, and Factor VII mass and concentration and in vitro coagulation had returned almost to normal; plasma volume was unchanged in the normotensive animals. In the hypovolemic shock animals, where coagulant mass regeneration was as rapid as in the normotensive animals, a doubling of total plasma volume (p less than .01) prevented the concentrations of fibrinogen and Factor II, and hence the coagulation times, from improving. CONCLUSIONS: Dilutional coagulopathy corrects spontaneously within hours. Normovolemic shock prolongs dilutional coagulopathy not by impairment of factor regeneration but because of further (internal) dilution due to plasma expansion. Rapid correction of dilutional coagulopathy is likely to necessitate cryoprecipitate administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor action in differentiating myeloid leukemia cells: treatment with DMSO may reveal a common pathway for growth factor gene regulation.

Previous studies showed that factor-independent, late-passage HL60 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells proliferated in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or other agents inducing cellular differentiation. In the present studies, we examined mechanisms of this response. After treatment with DMSO, GM-CSF delayed expression of some HL60 differentiation programs (CD11b expression), but not others (nitro blue tetrazolium dye reduction), and delayed the exit of cells from the cell cycle. In the presence of DMSO, GM-CSF but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) increased expression of steady-state c-myc RNA. DMSO-treated HL60 cells expressing heterologous epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors also proliferated in response to EGF and showed increased c-myc expression. Nuclear transcription studies showed that GM-CSF did not alter c-myc transcription in DMSO-treated cells, and studies using actinomycin-D showed no increase in steady-state c-myc RNA half-life. These studies indicate that GM-CSF increases post-deterministic proliferation and alters the phenotype of differentiating HL60 cells, and post-transcriptional alterations in c-myc expression may be responsible for some of these changes. Heterologous EGF receptors mediate similar responses, suggesting that treating HL60 cells with DMSO may reveal a common pathway of growth factor gene regulation.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1990

The functional role of exercise in the development of weight and diet concerns in women.

The functional role of exercise in the development of weight preoccupation and body dissatisfaction was examined. One hundred and twelve females, identified as regular participants in exercise programmes, completed an inventory that provided information on attitudes, behaviours and psychological characteristics related to dieting and weight-control, as well as a self-report of physical activity. A structural equation model was tested that provides support for the notion that Body Mass Index, emotional reactivity and physical activity have statistically significant direct effects on weight and diet concerns, but that weight and diet concerns do not predict the degree of participation in physical activity. Significant differences in eating disorder indicators were found between sub-groups identified as 'constantly dieting' and 'rarely dieting'. The tentative, but important, conclusion was drawn that regular participation in a fitness programme may be causally related to excessive concern with weight and dieting.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1990

Arthroscopic surgery for treatment of temporomandibular joint hypomobility after mandibular sagittal osteotomy.

Arthroscopic surgery is an effective method for treating painful hypomobility of the temporomandibular joint. Decreased range of motion after sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible has been reported. Causes may include intra-articular factors. These cases may be effectively treated with arthroscopic lysis and lavage after failure of nonsurgical modalities. A series of 15 patients is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Body image and weight preoccupation: a comparison between exercising and non-exercising women.

Relationships were examined among certain personality characteristics and variables which assess weight, diet, and appearance concerns for two groups of women--those who were avid exercisers (n = 86) and those who exercised only occasionally or not at all (n = 72). Multiple regression analyses indicated that emotional reactivity (measured by the N scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory) was strongly related to weight preoccupation (measured by three subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory) in both groups. Body Mass Index (BMI), but not a measure of subjective body shape, also predicted weight preoccupation for the non-exercisers while the opposite relationship was found for exercisers. In this group, subjective body shape and not BMI influenced weight preoccupation. It was also found that greater body dissatisfaction was related to poorer emotional well-being in the exercise group, and these women reported, to a significantly greater degree than non-exercisers, that their physical appearance was important to their self-esteem. It is possible that an excessive preoccupation with diet and body shape leads some women to take up a vigorous exercise program. However, the absence of differences in weight preoccupation between the groups argues against this. A possibility that has seldom been considered in the literature is that dedication to regular exercise fosters a heightened degree of body narcissism and a distorted impression of one's body size. A focus of attention in an exercise program on the relationship between body size and maximal performance may, in susceptible individuals, increase the likelihood of developing an obsessive attitude toward weight control.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The school-to-community transition of hearing-impaired persons with developmental disabilities. A review of the empirical literature.

This article summarizes empirical studies of the school-to-community transition of hearing-impaired persons with developmental disabilities that have been published since 1975. Forty-three sources were located. In addition to summarizing each source, this article discusses the issues related to data collection and interpretation and makes recommendations for future research, development, and evaluation. Analysis of the sources revealed gaps in both the type and focus of the research. Recommendations include conducting more research on this population and publishing more of the results in deafness-related journals, attending to the different needs of mildly versus severely impaired persons, identifying the adult population in need of services, clarifying the terms used to describe the population, scrutinizing assessment data, and developing curriculum materials on transition specifically for this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Implant overview.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Implantation↗