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Biomedical subjects

C D Wright

Publications and source records attributed to C D Wright.

101 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparative hemodynamic effects of selective superior mesenteric arterial and peripheral intravenous glucagon infusions.

This experiment was designed to determine whether any hemodynamic benefits attend administration of equal pharmacologic doses of glucagon (1 micrograms/kg/m) by continuous intravenous infusion (Group I, n = 6) versus selective intraarterial infusion (Group II, n = 6) via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in dogs. Cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAQ), SMA vascular resistance, and portal venous pressure were measured at baseline (BL) and at 5, 15, 30, and 45 min during glucagon infusion. SMAQ virtually doubled at 5 min from a baseline of 570 +/- 60 ml/min to 1158 +/- 146 ml/min in Group I (P less than 0.001), and from a baseline of 527 +/- 171 to 1018 +/- 331 ml/min in Group II (P less than 0.002). SMAQ was significantly higher in Group I at 30 and 45 min compared to Group II (P less than 0.03) despite similar peripheral plasma glucagon levels. SMA vascular resistance was significantly lowered in both groups, with a greater reduction occurring during intravenous glucagon administration at 45 min (P less than 0.05). Changes in systemic hemodynamic parameters, as well as glucagon and glucose levels were not statistically different between Groups I and II at any time period. Glucagon is a potent mesenteric vasodilator and the resultant profound splanchnic hemodynamic effects are as marked during intravenous administration as during selective SMA infusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Candidacidal activity of myeloperoxidase: therapeutic influence of the enzyme in vivo.

Mice were injected intravenously with Candida albicans blastospores to establish chronic renal infection. Seventy-five percent of the animals inoculated with 10(6) blastospores died as a consequence of infection during the subsequent 60 days of observation. Intraperitoneal administration of 10 mU of partially purified human myeloperoxidase 1 day after injection of the pathogen increased survival of the mice from 25 to 80% over this time period. Administration of myeloperoxidase complexed with soluble C. albicans cell wall mannan abrogated the protective influence of the enzyme. These results demonstrate that exogenous myeloperoxidase has a therapeutic influence on murine renal candidiasis and suggest that exogenous myeloperoxidase may also be effective in the treatment of certain forms of candidiasis in humans. These results also demonstrate the important role of the mannan-binding function of myeloperoxidase for effective treatment of candidiasis and suggest a mechanism of inhibition of the candidacidal effect of free enzyme in vivo by mannan accumulating in tissue fluids.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Results of diaphragmatic plication for unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.

Seven adult patients with dyspnea resulting from nonmalignant unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis underwent plication of the affected hemidiaphragm. Preoperatively, the patients complained of exertional dyspnea and orthopnea and had a reduced arterial oxygen tension, total lung capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and functional residual capacity. Plication was performed by imbricating the diaphragm in layers through a thoracotomy. After plication there was a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension and all lung volumes except residual volume. The patients' symptoms were improved with plication and a significant decrease was recorded in breathlessness on a visual analogue scale. There were no postoperative complications and mean hospital stay was 12 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of yeast mannan on release of myeloperoxidase by human neutrophils: determination of structural features of mannan required for formation of myeloperoxidase-mannan-neutrophil complexes.

Structural features of mannan which participate in the formation of myeloperoxidase-mannan-neutrophil complexes have been studied by using a battery of structurally modified mannans. Mannan was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 wild type and modified by strong alkaline degradation, selective (mild) alkaline degradation, and selective acetolysis. Mannose oligosaccharides bound to the peptide portion of mannan appeared to be required for binding of mannan to the neutrophil. The interaction of mannan with myeloperoxidase appeared to occur through phosphate groups of the mannan outer chain. The myeloperoxidase-mannan interaction was determined to be ionic in nature. The mannan-neutrophil interaction may involve cell membrane receptors for mannose.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1983

Candidacidal activity of myeloperoxidase: mechanisms of inhibitory influence of soluble cell wall mannan.

We have previously demonstrated the ability of human neutrophil myeloperoxidase to bind to mannan isolated from Candida albicans. Mannan may therefore be a primary component of the yeast cell wall which provides for binding of myeloperoxidase, a requirement potentially important for the candidacidal activity of the enzyme. In this report, we describe experiments to consider the relationship of the mannan-binding activity of myeloperoxidase to its candidacidal activity and the possibility that free mannan may inhibit myeloperoxidase-mediated candidacidal activity. We observed that binding of myeloperoxidase to the target yeasts was required for killing of C. albicans. We also observed that addition of soluble mannan significantly reduced myeloperoxidase-mediated killing of the yeasts in a dose-dependent manner by antagonizing binding of myeloperoxidase. Soluble mannan was demonstrated to have a similar dose-dependent inhibitory effect on neutrophil-mediated candidacidal activity without influencing phagocytosis of the organism. On the basis of these observations, we speculate that mannan solubilized in plasma and tissue fluid may interfere with neutrophil-mediated host defense against Candida infection.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1981

Influence of yeast mannan on human neutrophil functions: inhibition of release of myeloperoxidase related to carbohydrate-binding property of the enzyme.

We investigated the possibility that dissolved mannan polysaccharide from Candida may have an inhibitory influence on the host defense mechanisms associated with neutrophils and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of candidoses. We created a model for this hypothesis by using mannan derived from bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mannan isolated from the serum of a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis. We observed that these mannans inhibited the respiratory burst and release of myeloperoxidase stimulated by phagocytosis of serum-opsonized zymosan in vitro. Mannan did not inhibit release of three other lysosomal enzymes. The selective inhibition of release of myeloperoxidase was attributable to a carbohydrate-binding property of the enzyme, with the mannan causing co-sedimentation of the enzyme with the cellular fraction.

Candida↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae plasmids in Aeromonas salmonicida.

We observed that Aeromonas salmonicida ARO200 will maintain either or both the Pseudomonas R-factor, pMG1, and Enterobacteriaceae R-factors. This bacterial strain, therefore, provides a unique background wherein the host ranges of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae plasmods overlap. Co-maintenance of these plasmids resulted in behavior of plasmid aggregates that allowed transfer of R-dterminants beyond the host range of the parent plasmid. We observed that the ARO200 genetic background facilitated the redistribution of B determinants among unrelated and conjugally noninterfertile gram-negative bacteria. Aberrant behavior resulting in the deletion of R-determinants for plasmids singly maintained in ARO200 was also observed. Plasmids studied included RP1, R702, IncP; Rs-a, IncW; R192.7, IncFII; R64-11, IncI; R390, IncN; and R6K, IncX.

Aeromonas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of promethazine suppositories dispensed to outpatient surgical patients.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting frequently complicate outpatient anesthesia and surgery. The duration of treatment for this complication must occasionally extend beyond discharge from the hospital. In this study, we evaluated the commonly used anti-emetic promethazine for its efficacy in the post-discharge period. Adult outpatient surgical patients who had excessive postoperative nausea and vomiting in the recovery room, or who were at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting following discharge were given two promethazine suppositories (25 mg) for home use. All patients were contacted by our recovery room nurses on the first business day after their surgery and questioned as to their use of the suppositories and, if used, their efficacy. We found that 55 percent of patients given promethazine suppositories for home use had nausea and vomiting in the post-discharge period. Of the patients given promethazine, 89 percent used the suppositories. All of these patients reported improvement in their symptoms following use of the suppositories. None reported adverse effects from the promethazine suppositories. In conclusion, we found promethazine suppositories to be an inexpensive and efficacious treatment for nausea and vomiting in adult outpatient surgical patients following discharge from the hospital. Side-effects were minimal, and our patients voiced no complaints about this mode of therapy. We recommend this therapy for treatment of nausea and vomiting after hospital discharge following adult outpatient surgery.

Aged↗