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Biomedical subjects

C D Webster

Publications and source records attributed to C D Webster.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Construction and validation of risk assessments in a six-year follow-up of forensic patients: a tridimensional analysis.

Evaluations of risk were conducted for 162 Canadian mentally disordered criminal defendants through the assembly of actuarial data, scores from special-to-purpose psychometric instruments, and scaled global predictions of dangerousness to others by clinicians and nonclinical raters. Violent conduct by participants was tracked across legal and medical institutions and the community for a subsequent 6 years, with aggregate violence base rates reaching 62%. Decisions about risk were strongly associated with participant attributes and presentations during forensic interviews, but neither linear regression equations involving background and scale items nor direct discretionary judgments could account for more than 25% of variance in the frequency of outcome violence. Predictive accuracy maximized after 3 years, and was strongest for hospital-based violence. Professional clinicians were no more accurate than nonclinical raters. Implications of these findings for the sociolegal control of violence, and for the resurgent "second generation" of risk research, are explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Images of law and disorder: a survey of forensic mental health professionals in Ontario, Canada.

In this article we report on a survey that was organized to expand knowledge across a range of medicolegal issues and pragmatic applications. We wanted to provide forensic professionals with an opportunity to express their views on these various forensic trends, and on their relevance for expert identities, statuses and activities across a broad spectrum of contexts and concerns. In an exploratory framework, the intention was to operationalize many of these developments in systems, laws, ideas and practices, and to present them as structured questions for the consideration of respondents representing the full complement of mental health disciplines connected to the criminal court apparatus in one Canadian province. In what follows we set out to sketch their images of law and disorder, and their specific opinions about the role of forensic practitioners, the nature of forensic assessment and decision-making, the relationship between mental disorder and crime, the application of treatment and punishment, and the overall process of criminal court adjudication and sentencing.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Patients on Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Alberta: a statistical summary with comments on treatment and release procedures.

Files on all 48 Alberta patients under Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor were reviewed in late 1984, early 1985. Few were on Warrant as a result of unfitness to stand trial and all carried a primary diagnosis involving major mental disorder. More than half were considered paranoidal. Two-thirds of the population had killed someone or attempted to do so. Only eight had not previously been inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Nearly half of the patients offended against relatives. Close to two-thirds had a previous criminal record. The Alberta Hospital's Forensic Service is described as is the province's Board of Review. Two brief case studies help portray the system of gradual release. The authors comment on the design of services for this group of patients known to be hard to treat and administer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

HELP: an educational forensic psychiatric assessment program.

This paper describes the establishment of an educational group, Health through Education in Law and Psychiatry (HELP), within an inpatient forensic psychiatric assessment service. Until recently HELP sessions have been provided twice weekly to suitable patients during their stay of some 30 days at the Metropolitan Toronto Forensic Service (METFORS). We first outline very briefly the function of METFORS, then describe the HELP project broadly, and finally discuss the rationale of the program in greater detail. Our point is that programs of this type form an added resource in assessment and in the early stages of treatment. We also argue that, along with the accepted clinical role in assessment, forensic psychiatrists and colleagues in related disciplines can serve a valuable role as teacher and therapist.

Cognition↗
PubMed1985

Persons held on Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Canada.

Gross demographic data are supplied on all patients held under Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Canada. The composition of the total population varies considerably from one province to another, with resulting differences in such important factors as total time spent on warrant. A plea is made for some kind of continuing monitoring of this expensive-to-treat group, and it is argued that the Boards of Review are, because of lack of basic statistical information, at an unnecessary disadvantage when it comes to making decisions as to whether to release individuals or not. It is suggested that a fairly simple information and tracking system could reduce treatment costs, with concomitant decreases in confinement of patients, without at the same time increasing risk of harm to the general population.

Canada↗
PubMed1984

The Fitness to stand trial Interview Test: how four professions rate videotaped fitness interviews.

The results of this study provide some preliminary support for the use of the FIT as a method for providing structure to interviewers. The FIT may be particularly useful as a guide for making initial decisions about fitness. It was suggested that a screening evaluation based on the FIT could be completed by any properly trained individual with some professional background. The more difficult cases can be referred for lengthier evaluations. Of course, further research on the use of the FIT with actual defendants in real assessments will need to occur before such a procedure can be used as a matter of routine. Finally, the FIT promises to be an effective research tool for isolating professional group differences in definitions of fitness and the importance of different aspects of it, from both a legal and a mental health perspective.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed1982

The chronography of interactions with autistic speakers: an initial report.

The aims of this study were to (a) describe the conversational time patterns of autistic persons capable of talking, and (b) examine the degree to which the autistic speakers synchronize the time patterns of their speech with those of the persons with whom they interact. Each of twelve autistic youths participated in two interactions, one with an experimenter and one with his or her parent. In addition, each parent engaged in a conversation with the experimenter. The results indicate that: (a) compared with those interactions involving the parents and experimenter, those involving the youths and parents exhibited longer switching pauses whereas those involving the youths and experimenter exhibited longer switching pauses and pauses; and (b) although the parents and experimenter achieved temporal synchrony in their interactions, there was no evidence that the youths achieved it with either the experimenter or their parents.

Adolescent↗